【寒假自学课】六年级英语寒假讲义-第1讲-时态专题讲义 （教案+学案） 译林版（三起） 学案

课程主题：寒假时态综合复习学习目标:熟练掌握四种时态熟练掌握语法：一般过去时熟练掌握语法：一般将来时熟练掌握语法：一般现在时熟练掌握语法：现在进行时教学内容【进门测试】建议5min一、用词的正确形式填空。1.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.2.______they________(like)theWorldCup?3.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?4._______yourparent_______(read)newspaperseveryday?5.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishatthemoment.6.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryeveningaftersupper.7.Thechildren_________(make)aposternow.8.WehadafoodfestivallastSaturday.WangBing______(make)dumplingswithourteachers.9.--Didhe______(eat)manyice-creamslastSunday?--Yes,he______(do).10.--Where_________(be)youjustnow?--I_________(be)atschool.11.Myparent_________(have)abigappletree.【多元导学】建议5minLookatthesetwopictures,canyoutellusthedifferencesbetweenthem?Canyoushareyourpictureswithus?【互动精讲】建议70min一．动词的分类情态动词1只作情态动词使用can/could/must/may/might/oughtto2可作情态动词，也可作实义动词need/dare3可作情态动词，也可作助动词shall/should/will/would4勉强可作情态动词haveto/hadbetter/usedto/wouldrather助动词1be形式变化：am/is/are/was/were/been同时是实义和系动词2do形式变化：does/did同时是实义动词3have形式变化：has/had/having同时是实义动词4shall形式变化：should同时是情态动词5will形式变化：would同时是情态动词系动词1状态系动词be特别说明：这里列举的所有系动词本身都是实义动词。但它们表示的意思不同。请注意结合句意去理解判断。2表像系动词appear/seem3感官系动词feel/smell/sound/taste/look4持续系动词keep/rest/remain/continue/last/lie/stand/stay5变化系动词become/grow/turn/go/get/fall/come行为动词1不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词。vi后面若要跟宾语，必须加上介词。有不少的动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。区别在于它所表示的含义有所不同。及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词。vt后面可以直接跟宾语。2使役动词表示“使、令、让、叫…”等意义的动词.如:make,have,let,get,keep….B.表示“使人……，令人……”的心理状态的动词。如：interest;excite;astonish;move;amuse;surprise……(+sb.)二.一般现在时【知识梳理1】含有be动词的一般现在时含有be动词的一般现在时一般“表示事物或人物的特征、状态”。如：Theskyisblue.Sheisverytall.(1)be动词的选择be动词的选择通常根据句子的主语来，一般遵循“我是am,你是are,is跟着她他它，复数一律都用are”的原则；当然，therebe句型，be动词的确定遵循“就近原则”。(2)句型转换否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它？如：--Areyouastudent?--Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Whereismybike?【例题精讲】选用合适的be动词：1.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.2.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.3.--Whatday_______(be)ittoday?--It’sSaturday.【巩固练习】There_________anybikesneartheroom.A.are B.isn't C.aren't【知识梳理2】含有实义动词的一般现在时含有实义动词的一般现在时“表示经常性或习惯性的动作”。(1)行为动词的变化非第三人称单数主语+动词原形(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.第三人称单数主语+动词三单(+其它)。如：HestudiesEnglish.(2)动词三单的变化规则1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies;fly-flies4.以“元音字母+y”结尾，直接加s，如：stay-stays;enjoy-enjoys;buy-buys;play-plays5.不规则动词变化have—has【例题精讲】写出下列动词的第三人称单数：drink________go_______stay________make________look_________have_______pass_______carry____come________watch______plant_______fly________study_______brush________teach_______【巩固练习】用动词的适当形式填空：1.Theoldladyoften_________(stay)athometowatchTV.2.LiuXiangsometimes________(study)Englishinhisfreetime.3.Nowhe_________(have)anicehouseinhishometown.【知识梳理3】特殊三单最常见的第三人称为he,she,it,可数名词的单数形式，人名和不可数名词。特殊：1.可以做主语的特殊疑问词who,what和which也相当于第三人称单数；2.不定代词everybody/everyone强调每一个人，视为单数；3.pair做主语时，后动词形式由pair的单复数来决定。【例题精讲】例1.Themilk______(taste)good.Everyone________(like)drinkingit.例2.Who_________(have)afootball?例3.--Thepairofshoes________(look)beautiful.Iwanttohaveatry.--ButIthinktheredshoes______(look)morebeautiful.【巩固练习】用所给词的适当形式填空：1.Jack’slittlesister________(study)piano.2.Alotofcoffee_______(be)badforourhealth.3.Thefactories_______(let)outalotofpollutedair.Theair_______(be)harmfultoourhealth.4.Everybodyshould________(do)somethingtoprotectourearth.5.Who_______(can)makeaposter?【知识梳理4】句型转换否定句：非三单主语+don't+动词原形(+其它)。如：Idon'tlikebread.三单主语+doesn't+动词原形(+其它)。如：Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑问句：Do+非三单主语+动词原形+其它？如：--Doyouoftenplayfootball?--Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.Does+三单主语+动词原形+其它？如：--Doesshegotoworkbybike?--Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?【例题精讲】用所给词的适当形式填空：1.--What_________heusuallydoonSundays?--He_________football.(play)2.Mike_________(like)collectingcoins,butNancy__________(notlike)collectingcoins.3.--_________(be)yourmotherathomenow?--No,she___________.4.--_______yourbrothergoshoppingeveryweek?--No,he__________(do)hishomeworkathome.5._________Ben___________(watch)atweekends?现在进行时【知识梳理1】现在进行时的结构和用法I.现在进行时用来表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。时间状语为：now,Look!Listen!thesedays,时刻(it’stwoo’clock)结构为：be动词+动词现在分词II.★动词加ing的变化规则1.一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2.以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping注：小学范围内这类动词主要有：put---putting;sit---sitting;swim—swimming;run---running;stop---stopping;get---getting;begin—beginning;jogging【例题精讲】例1.写出下列动词的现在分词：play________run__________swim_________make__________go_________like________write________ski___________read________have_________sing________dance_________put_________see________live_______take_________come________get_________stop_________sit________begin________shop___________【巩固练习】用所给词的适当形式填空：1.Bequiet,thebabies__________(sleep)inthebedroom.2.It’snineo’clock.Tom_________(have)anEnglishlesson.3.Becareful!Don’t_______(let)themousego!4.Look!Mygrandparent__________(stop)underthetree.【知识梳理2】be动词的选择I.一般：现在进行时的结构中，be动词的形式需要根据句子的主语进行变化，依旧按照熟知的口诀：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，复数全用are；II.特殊：①带有with的句子with是“带着”的意思，不能被with后的单词的复数混淆：如：Themanwithbigeyesisreading.②特殊疑问词做主语特殊疑问词做主语，视为单数，be动词应该选用is：如：Look,what’srunninginfrontoftheroom?【例题精讲】单项选择：()1.Look,agirl_____overtherenow.A.singing

B.aresinging

C.issinging

D.sing()2.Don’ttalkhere.Grandparents_____.A.issleeping

B.aresleeping

C.sleeping

D.sleep()3.Mr.Smith_________shortstories,andhiswife_________aTVplaynow.A.iswriting,iswritingB.iswriting,writesC.writes,iswritingD.writes,writes()4.It’seighto’clock.Thestudents_____anEnglishclass.

A.have

B.having

C.ishavingD.arehaving()5.Listen!Thebaby_____inthenextroom.

A.crying

B.cried

C.iscrying

D.cries【巩固练习】用所给词的适当形式填空：1.Who_____overtherenow?

(sing)2.Look!Thetwinwithglasses_____newsweaters.

(wear)【知识梳理3】句式转换否定句：主语+be+not+动词ing+其它。如：Heisnotrunningnow.一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词ing+其它？如：Areyoulisteningtomusicnow?特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+动词ing?如：Whatareyoudoingattwo?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词+be+动词ing?如：Look!Whoissingingunderthetree?【例题精讲】句型转换：1.Thestudentsarecleaningtherubbishonthebeach.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Mike’sfatheriscallinghisfriendsintheoffice.(对划线部分进行提问)_________________________________________________________________3.Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(对划线部分进行提问)_____________________________________________________________【知识梳理4】不能用现在进行时的动词在英语中，有些词即使句子中已经出现了明显的现在进行时的时间状语，但依旧不用现在进行时，小学范围内，这类词集中在表示心理动作的动词上，如：want,miss（想念）,love,like，have（拥有）。【例题精讲】I______(want)togohomenow.【巩固练习】翻译句子：我现在非常想念我的父母。__________________________________________【知识梳理5】一般现在时和现在进行时的转化动词时态是与时间状语相联系的，当时间发生变化时，动词时态也要相应改变，而时态的结构并不一致，所以当一般现在时改为现在进行时，注意要加上be动词；而现在进行时变为一般现在时，则要去掉be动词，同时也要注意动词的形式变化。【例题精讲】例1.Mybrotherdoeshishouseworkintheevenings.(用now替换intheevening)Mybrotherhishouseworknow.例2.Isyourmotherswimmingnow?(用everyweek换now，并改为陈述句)Mymothereveryweek.例3.ThechildrenoftenwatchTVatnight.(把atnight改为it’seighto’clock)__________________________________一般过去时【知识梳理1】一般过去时的概述★一般过去时：用于表示过去某个时间存在的状态或者发生的动作。★表示过去的时间标志词：justnow,amomentago,yesterday,lastweek/night/weekend/year/month,threeweeks/daysago,thismorning,thedaybeforeyesterday等。【例题精讲】例1.Mysisterwasathomejustnow.我姐姐刚才在家。例2.Thetwinswenttoschoolatsixyesterdaymorning.昨天早上6点双胞胎去上学。【巩固练习】翻译句子：昨天我们上了英语课。________________________________________上周末她买了一条新连衣裙。________________________________________【知识梳理2】一般过去时的用法（1）表示过去某个时间存在的状态，常与be动词连用，如：Theschoolswereverysmalllastyear.Mymobilephonewasherejustnow.（2）表示过去发生的动作或过去经常性习惯性的动作，常含实义动词，如：Hegotupatsixthismorning.WewatchedTVlastnight.【知识梳理3】动词过去式的变化1.be动词的变化wasam→ →wasn’twasbewasbewasis→ →wasn’twerewereare→ →weren’t2.实义动词的变化1)动词过去式变化规则2.实义动词的变化1)动词过去式变化规则(1)一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked(2)结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted(3)末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied如：Theywateredflowers.MaryandLindastudiedEnglishtogetherlastSaturday.IplannedtoAmericalastmonth.【例题精讲】例1.写出下列动词的过去式。is\am_________fly_______buy________are________drink_________play_______go________make________does_________dance________worry________have_____taste_________eat__________draw________put______get________read_________pass_______do________【知识梳理4】一般过去时的句式结构1.含有be动词的一般过去时：结构：主语+be(was/were)+其它。第一人称和第三人称单数形式用was;其余情况用were。如：Iwasalittlegirlthreeyearsago.Theywerenotunderthebedlastweek.句式变化：否定句：主语+was/were+not+其它。如：Hewasnotaworker.一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其它？如：--Wereyouathomeyesterday?--Yes.Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Wherewasyourmother?含有实义动词的一般过去时：结构：主语+动词过去式+其它。如：IwenttotheparklastSaturday.TheywenttotheparklastSaturday.句式变化：否定句：主语+didn't+动词原形(+其它)。如：Ididn’twatchTVlastweekend.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？如：--Didyouplayfootballyesterday?--Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?方法总结：过去时的难点和易错点在于词汇题，在此强调做题顺序找到时间状语，并在文中画出；先判断动词是否为不规则动词；不是不规则动词，再进行规则的变化；若词汇题考查的是一般过去时的疑问句。若给出的是be动词，只要开头写was和were即可，单数was复数were；给出的是实义动词，只要开头写did，后加动词原形即可。对于句型转换：除了按照常规的步骤进行改写外，还需要注意助动词did后一定要将动词变为原形。所以动词原形和动词过去式要对应正确。【例题精讲】例1.TheywereonthefarmlastSaturday.(改为否定句)________________________________________________例2.DavidandLiuTaodidtheirhomeworktogetheramomentago.否定句：________________________________________________对划线部分提问：________________________________________________【巩固练习】翻译句子：1.Mike上周六不在家。______________________________________2.她今天早上怎样去上学？____________________________________________3.你昨天买故事了吗？__________________________________________________【课堂检测】建议15min完形填空。AWangBing___1___anEnglishfriend,Jack.He__2___ane-mailtoJackinthecomputerroom.GaoShancomesin.He__3___toplaytabletenniswithWangBing.ButWangBingcan’t.Heisbusy.Jack__4__insmalltownnearLondon.HisfatherisfromEnglandandhismotherisfromJapan.They__5__EnglishandJapanese.Jack’sfather__6__Englishinaprimaryschool.Helikesteaching.Jack’smotherdoesn’twork.Sheisahousewife.Shedoesallthecookingand___7__.JacklikesChinaverymuch.Buthe__8____Chineseatschool.HeusuallyplaysfootballonSundays.Andhecanswimwell,too.()1.A.have B.has C.haves()2.A.iswriting B.writing C.writing()3.A.want B.wants C.iswanting()4.A.isliving B.lives C.tolive()5.A.speaking B.speaks C.speak()6.A.teachs B.teaches C.teaching()7.A.cleaning B.clean C.cleans()8.A.studies B.doesn’tstudy C.don’tstudyBItisSaturdaytoday.It’sasunnyday.Manystudentsare1inthepark.Someboys2besidethelake(湖).Theyareplayingwiththefish.Somegirlsareunderthetree.Theyare3.4adogbesidethem.It’s5thegirls.6thechair,there7twoyoungmen(年轻人).They’re8witheachother.Agirlis9.Perhapsshe’stheirsister.There’s10icecreaminherhand.Allthepeople(人)areveryhappy.()1.A.play B.playing C.playingwith()2.A.is B.are C.am()3.A.singing B.sing C.swimming()4.A.There’re B.There’s C.It’s()5.A.looking B.lookingat C.lookat()6.A.On B.In C.Under()7.A.is B.are C.it()8.A.chat B.chatting C.chating()9.A.comeing B.come C.coming()10.A.a B.an C.the【要点回顾】建议15min一般现在时注意第三人称单数现在进行时的时态标志词？一般过去式（不规则变化）【温故知新】一、单项选择。()1.I______toschoolbybusthismorning.A.walkedB.wentC.comeD.rode()2.Mr.Whiteoften_______supperathome.A.haveB.hadC.hasD.ishave()3.It______lastnight.A.rainsB.rainedC.rainD.wasrain()4.He_______tobedat9:30p.monSundays.A.goB.isgoingC.goesD.went()5.I_______totheparkyesterday.A.goB.wentC.goesD.wasgo()6.He_______TVjustnow.A.didn’twatchedB.didn’twatchC.doesn’twatchD.doesn’twatches()7.BenandI________someflowerslastweek.A.plantB.plantedC.plantingD.plants()8.--Whathedo?--Hepearsonthefarm.A.does;pickB.did;picksC.does;pickedD.did;picked()9.______itoften______inwinter?A.Do;snowB.Does;snowsC.Do;snowsD.Does;snow()10.--________seasoninWuxi_______youlikebest?--Ilikeautumnbest.It’scoolandsunny.A.What;doesB.Which;areC.Which;doD.What;are二、用正确的动词形式填空。1.Thechildren___________(run)therejustnow.2.-I_______(get)upathalfpastsixthismorning.3.Mymother____________(buy)alotoffruityesterdayafternoon.4.I_________(can)speakEnglishwhenIwasthreeyearsold.5.They_______________(nothave)ameetingyesterday.6.--______you_________(have)anycolorpens?--Sorry,Idon’thaveany.7.Shelikeseggs,butshe_____________(notlike)bread.8.Mymother__________(tell)meastoryeverynight.9.Thetwins_________thirteentwoyearsago.(be)10.Where________herfriend__________(swim)yesterday?11.Who__________(teach)youEnglishinyourschoollastterm?12.Nearourschoolthere_________(be)ashop,it_________(sell)alotofbooks.13.She__________(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.14.What_______he_________(like)?15.He__________