中医药大学成人高等教育大学英语1学习资料

中医药大学成人高等教育大学英语1学习资料（适用于专升本）ContentsUnitOne词汇的掌握 1UnitTwo容易混淆的词和词组的辨析（1） 10Revision1词汇复习 18UnitThree词汇用法 20UnitFour构词法 24Revision2VocabularyandStructure 30UnitFive冠词&代词 32Revision3冠词&词汇练习 39UnitSix形容词 41UnitSeven副词 48Revision4形容词&副词 54UnitEightGrammar:名词 57Revision5名词 61UnitNine动词的时态 63Revision6时态 69UnitTen情态动词 71Revision7情态动词&动词时态 77UnitEleven非谓语动词 79Revision8非谓语动词&代词 85UnitTwelve动名词 87UnitThirteen现在分词 93UnitFourteen过去分词 97Revision9非谓语动词 101UnitFifteen主谓一致 104Revision10主谓一致&独立主格结构 108UnitSixteen定语从句 111UnitSeventeen非限制性定语从句 116Revision11定语从句&词汇 120UnitEighteen状语从句 123Revision12状语从句 130UnitNineteen名词性从句 134UnitTwenty反意问句和强调句 139Revision13省略、倒装和否定 144UnitTwenty-one被动语态 149UnitTwenty-two虚拟语气(1) 152Revision14虚拟语气 155UnitTwenty-threeThePickleJar 157UnitTwenty-fourThinkForYourself 161UnitTwenty-fiveHoneYourStudySkills 165UnitTwenty-SixTracyMcGrady 170UnitTwenty-sevenAPumaatlarge 173UnitTwenty-eightNewThreats 175UnitTwenty-NineTheAmazingWorld 177UnitThirtyATalentedSwimmerMichaelPhelps 179UnitThirty-oneMyStory 181UnitThirty-twoByheart 183UnitThirty-threeManandtheSea 185UnitThirty-FourCigaretteSmoking 187UnitThirty-fiveManners 189UnitThirty-sixTheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofalargepopulation 191Testyourself(1) 193TestYourself(2) 202KeytotheTests 208UnitOne词汇的掌握PartI考试大纲词汇要求:掌握4250个单词和500个常用词组复用式掌握其中的1800常用单词和200个词组派生词试题中词汇语法题占20分例如：①Thenewlypromotedassistantmanagerexpressedawishtobe____totheLondonbranch.（2005年）（C）[A]exchanged [B]transmitted[C]transferred [D]moved（A交换B传送C调动D搬到）②____yourjacket,please.Theroomisverywarm.（2005年）(A)[A]Takeoff [B]Takeafter[C]Takeup [D]Takeon(A脱掉B与…相似C开始D呈现)③Davidwascompletely____byhisrobber’sdisguise.（2005，天津）(C)[A]takedown [B]takenon[C]takenin [D]takenup④Thedoctor___metothedangerofnotgettingenoughrestwhileworkingovertime.（2005年）（A）[A]alerted [B]reminded[C]led [D]persuadedPart2重点词汇讲解:易混相似词和词组辨析access;excess;success;processaccess: 进入；利用…的权利（机会）excess: 过分；过度success: 成功process: 过程；经过；2.accuse;remind;inform;rob;suspect;convince用法相同：accusesb.ofsth. 指控…remindsb.ofsth…. 提醒……informsb.of… 通知……robsb.of…. 抢劫…suspectsb.of… 怀疑….convincesb.of… 让…相信e.g.Weaccusedhimofstealingthebook.Thepictureremindedmeoftheolddays.Theteacherinformedusofthemeetingnextweek.Themanrobbedtheoldladyofherpurse.3.beaccustomedto+名词/Ving;beusedto+名词/Ving习惯于…e.g.Weareaccustomedtotheweatherhere.Heisusedtolivinginthebigcitynow.比较：usedto+动词过去常常做…e.g.HeusedtohelpmewhenIwasintrouble.WeusednottogofishingonSunday.4.adopt;adapt;adjust;adopt:收养，采纳，采用词组：adoptsth. 采纳…adoptsb. 收养某人adapt:使…适应;改编词组：adapt（oneself)tosth.适应…e,g.Headoptedoursuggestion.他采纳了我们的建议.)Sincetheyhavenochildrenoftheirown,theydecidedtoadoptalittlegirl.（他们自己没有孩子，所以决定收养一个小女孩。）Theboyadaptedhimselftothelifehere.例句(2005年）Thenewimmigrantsfountithardto____themselvestotheclimateofthecountry.(B)[A]adopt [B]adapt[C]regulate [D]coordinateadjust:调节；适应用法：adjust(oneself)to+名词e.g.Shesoonadjustedherselftohiswayoflife.她很快使自己适应了他的生活方式。5.advance;progress;进展词组：makeprogress 取得进步makeanadvance/makeadvances 取得进步e.g.Wehavemadeprogressthesedays.Hehasmadeadvancesbothinworkandinstudy.6.able;capable;competentable:做事所需的力量，技巧词组：beabletodosth.（能够做…)capable:满足一般需要的能力词组：becapableofdoingsth.（能够做…)competent:胜任的词组：becompetenttodosth.becompetentforsth.7.available;applicable;approachable;attainableavailable(to):可用的，可获得的applicable(to):适用的；可应用的；approachable:可接近的；可进入的attainable:可到达的；可达成的available:可用的;可获得的e.g.Breakfastisavailabletofishermenfrom6.a.m..从上午六点起渔民有早餐供应.Therearethreesmallboatsavailableforhire.有三置小船可供租用.例句（2006年）Powerfulcomputers_____translatingdocumentsfromonelanguageintotheotherhaverecentlybeendevelopedinJapan.(B)[A]ableto [B]availableto[C]capableof [D]liableto8.afford的用法与can或could连用；不能单独使用can/couldaffordsth.买得起；承担得起；e.g.Icanaffordthebike.我买得起这个自行车。can/couldaffordtodosth.承担得起做…e.g.HowcanIafford(tospend)somuchmoneyforacar?我怎么付得起这么多钱买这部车？9.alone,lonelyalone:副词单独地；adj.单独的（只作表语）lonely:adj.孤单的，（作表语和定语）e.g.Ispentalotoftimealone.Youarenotaloneanylonger.alonelyisland例句Ishallhaveacompanioninthehouseafterallthese___years.[A]lonely [B]sole [C]single [D]alone10.effective;efficient;efficaciouseffective:有效的，有影响力的efficient:效率高的，有效率的efficacious:有效验的e.g.takeeffectivemeasures采取有效措施effectivemedicineThetelephonesystemishighlyefficient.(这个电话系统效率很高。）例句Oneofthemost____waysofimprovinglisteningcomprehensionisbywatchingtelevision.(D) [A]specific [B]effective [C]special [D]efficient11.arise;raise;rise;arouseraise:增加;提高;栽培;抚育e.g.raisetherentoftheroom提高房租raisethestandardofliving提高生活水准raisewheat种小麦raiseachild养小孩arouse:唤起;激起e.g.ThebookarousesmyinterestinEnglish.(这本书引起我对英语的兴趣.)arouseanxiety/curiosity/suspicion(引起不安/好奇心/怀疑)例句（2007，北京）Withoilpriceskeeping_____,peoplearehesitatingwhethertobuyacarornot.[A]rising [B]arising[C]raising [D]arousing12.reward;grant;allowance;pension;fund;reward:酬金grant:助学金，奖学金allowance:津贴，补贴例句(2006年)AlltheBritishuniversitiesreceivesomegovernment___exceptBuckingham.(B) [A]allowance [B]grants [C]funding [D]cooperation例句（2005年）Lifepresentsmanybarriers,andalltoooftenthosewhoworkhardestmaynotreceivegreat______.(A) [A]rewards [B]grants [C]allowance [D]praise13.reward&award(动词)reward:报答;答谢;奖赏词组:rewardsb.withsth.Theteacherrewardedthestudentwithacomputer.(老师奖赏这个学生一台电脑.)award:授予;奖励;奖赏用法:awardsth.tosb.awardsb.sth.Thejudgesawardedthefirstprizetoherforherpicture.Thejudgesawardedherthefirstprizeforherpicture.(评审委员把她的画评为头奖.)14.special;specific;especial;particularspecial:特别的，专门的specific:明确的，具体的；特定的especial:特别的，尤其,格外的（文语词）particular:特殊的;个别的,挑剔的e.g.Thisisthespecialdayinthehistoryofourcountry.(今天是我国历史上一个特殊的日子.)Iwantaspecificexplanation.(我要一个具体的解释.)Shehasanespecialfondnessformusic.(她对音乐又特殊的偏好.)Thereisnothingintheletterofparticularimportance.(这封信里没有特别重要的内容.)例句(2006年)Oneofthemost____waysofimprovinglisteningcomprehensionisbywatchingtelevision.(C) [A]specific [B]proficient [C]efficient [D]special15.contribute;attribute;distribute;retribute；contributetosth.贡献…;导致…attribute…to…把…归因于distributesth.分发e.g.Thedesignfaultscontributetothetragedy.Womentendtoattributetheirsuccesstoluck.Theguydistributedtheleafletsandposterstopassers-by.例句（2005年）Thosewhofailedintheentranceexaminationsarelikelyto___theirfailurestobadluck.(B)[A]contribute [B]attribute[C]distribute [D]retribute注意：以下短语意思:引起…;导致…(主语为原因;宾语为结果)resultin…bringabout…leadto…giveriseto…causee.g.Yourcarelessnesswillleadtofailureinwork.Idon’tknowwhatbroughtaboutthechangeinhisthinking.我不知道什么原因导致他改变想法.16.resultfrom…造成…结果e.g.Hisfailureintheexamresultedfromhiscarelessness.考试不及格是由于他的粗心造成的。attribute…to….e.g.Sheattributedherfailuretobadluck.她把失败的原因于运气不好。例句（2006年）InEuropeanuniversities,studentsarenot____toattendclasses.（D）[A]requested [B]persuaded[C]needed [D]required17.request;require;needrequestsb.todosth.请求…做…requiresb.todosth.要求…做…needsb.todosth.需要…做…MORE:requestthat….(从句用虚拟语气）requirethat….(从句用虚拟语气）18.persuade;dissuade;persuadesb.todosth.劝…做…dissuadesb.fromdoingsth.劝阻…Moretolearn:persuasive:有说服力的apersuasiveopinion例句(2006年，北京）Thelittlevillagehasn’tchangedmuch____anewroadandtwomorestores.(D)[A]except [B]besides[C]except that [D]exceptfor19.beside;besides;exceptbeside:在…旁边；besides:除…以外（还包括）；except:除…以外（不包括）；e.g.Besidehisplateisapileofbooks.Shehasmanygoodqualitiesbesidesbeingbeautiful.Idon’ttakeanydrugsexceptaspirin.20.except&exceptfor除…以外（不包括）e.g.Hereadsnothingexceptcomicmagazines.（他除了漫画杂志以外什么都不看。）Hegoestothelibraryeverydayexceptwhenheisnotwell.（他除了身体不舒服以外，每天都上图书馆）CF(比较):Themoviewasgoodexceptfortheending.（这部电影除了结尾以外都很好。）Weenjoyedthepartyexceptfortheloudmusic.(除了音乐嘈杂了点，我们在舞会上很开心。）例句（2006年，北京）____Japanese,shehastostudyanotherforeignlanguage.[A]Except [B]Exceptfor[C]Inadditionto [D]Beside注意：Inadditionto…=besides例句(2006年)Practically,universitystudentshavealottolearn___thetextbookandclass. [A]exceptfor [B]asidefrom [C]awayfrom [D]insidesofUnitTwo容易混淆的词和词组的辨析（1）21.neglect;ignoreneglectsth.怠忽；疏忽；忽视；常与以下词连用：neglectone’swork/study/schoolingneglectone’shealthneglectone’sdutye.g.Itwilldoyouharmtoneglectyourschooling.忽视学业会有害于你。ignore:忽视；不理会；装着不知；e.g.ignoreone’sadviceignorethetrafficlights--Heignoredmyadvice. 他忽视我的忠告。22.refuse;deny;拒绝用法：refusesth拒绝…refusetodosth. 拒绝做…e.g.Thepatienthastherighttorefusethetreatment.Herefusedtocommentafterthetrial.denysb.sth.拒绝给与；拒绝（某人）要求Hiswifedeniedhimaccesstohischildren.他妻子拒绝他接近孩子。denydoingsth. 否认denysth.否认….Hedeniedstealingthebook.他否认偷了这本书。Shedeniedthetwoaccusation.她否认两项指控。例句(2006年)Everysocietyshould___andrespectitsentirepopulation,bothitsyounganditsold.(D) [A]criticize [B]praise [C]ignore [D]honor23.retain;obtain;remain;maintainretain;maintain保持maintain/retainone’sbalance保持平衡obtain:得到；获得Ihaven’tobtainedthedegree.我还没有得到学位。remain:保持(不变);停留;Heremainsaformidableopponent.(remain+名词)他依然是一个强大的对手.Theproblemremainstobesolved.(remain+tobe)问题依然需要解决.Heremainsathome.(remain+adv.)他留在家里.例句(2005年)TheEiffelTower,symbolofinnovativetechniqueattheendofthe19thcentury,has____itsuniversalimage.(A) [A]maintained [B]preserved [C]stored [D]continued24.transfer;transform;transmit;converttransfer:调任;转让(指把某人或物从一个地方转移到另一个地方)TheheadofficewastransferredfromLondontoNewYork.(公司总部从伦敦转移到纽约。)transform:改变（指完全改变某人某物的外观或特性）Sheusedtobeshy,butayearabroadhascompletelytransformedher.(她曾经害羞，但一年的留学生活完完全全改变了她。）transmit:传送(指传送信号,节目;知识)Theworldcupfinalwastransmittedlivetooverfiftycountries.(五十多个国家转播了世界杯决赛.)convert:改变(强调改变形式和用途)Thesofawasconvertedtoabed.(沙发被改成了床.)例句：Thenewlypromotedassistantmanagerexpressedawishtobe____totheLondonbranch.（2005年）(C)[A]exchanged [B]transmitted[C]transferred [D]moved25.valuable;precious;invaluable;valuelessvaluable:有价值的；重大的precious:贵重的invaluable:无价的；非常珍贵的；（肯定意义）valueless:无价值的（否定意义）e.g.Iwasabletogaininvaluableexperienceoverthatyear.我在那一年中获得了珍贵的经验。26.worth;worthy;worthwhile;值得做…worth搭配：beworthsth./doingsth.e.g.Thehouseisworthbuying.Idon’tthinkit’sworththetrouble.我想这事不值得这么费事。worthy的用法：值得的；应得的；beworthyofsth.beworthytobedonee.g.Hisdeedisworthofpraise.Hisdeedisworthytobepraised.worthwhile的用法：beworthwhiledoingsth.beworthwhiletodosth.e.g.ItisworthwhiletogotoHongKong.ItisworthwhilegoingtoHongKong27.respectable;respective;respectfulrespectable:(作表语、定语）应受尊敬的；高尚的respectful(to/of):(主动）尊敬的；尊重人的respective:(定语）各自的；分别的e.g.Allmenhavetheirrespectiveduties.28.respect:尊敬;重视名词:respectfor…e.g.--Hehasnorespectforthefeelingsofothers.他毫不在意别人的感受。--Youhavetoshowyourrespectfortheold.你必须尊重老人。动词：respect+名词+(for)…e.g.--Heisrespectedforthereconstructionofthecity.他因从建这个城市受到尊敬。Wewillrespectyourprivacy.我们尊重你的隐私。29.proceed;precede;exceedproceed:开始进行;继续词组:proceedtodosth.进而做…Hethenproceededtotelluseverything.然后他又告诉我们一切.词组:proceedwithsth.继续…Afterthebreak,weproceedwithourwork.休息后,我们又继续工作.precede:先于;在…前;用法:precedesth.…..Theearthquakewasprecededbyseveralsmalltremors.地震之前有几次小震.exceed:超过;胜过;用法:exceedsth.Thecostwillnotexceed$50.费用不会超过50美元.30.damage;hurt;destroy;spoil;harmdamage:损害;损坏(自然灾害所导致的)Johndamagedhiskneeduringthetraining.(John训练时弄伤了膝盖.)hurt:受伤;使伤心;Iamafraidofhurtinghisfeelings.我害怕伤害他的情绪.destroy:损坏;毁灭Theearthquakedestroyedthecity.地震毁坏了这个城市.spoil:破坏;宠坏(指物体的美观受到毁坏)It’simportantnottoletmistakesspoilyourlife.重要的是不让错误毁掉你的一生.Aspoiltchildisrarelypopularwithotherchildren.宠坏了的孩子难得跟其他孩子合群.damagesth…=harmsth.e.g.Smokingcandamage/harmyourhealth.吸烟有害健康。名词：harmdoharm/damageto….伤害….;对…有害;e.g.Thetyphoondidgreatharmtothericecrop.台风对稻谷收成造成很大损害。Excessivedrinkingwilldoyoualotofharm.饮酒过度非常有害健康。31.cost;spend;pay;take;用;花费;cost:用法:It/名词+cost+sb.+钱/时间Itcostmeover$100,000tobuynewtrucks.要买几辆新卡车就得花10万美元.Thebookcostme$20.这本书花了我20元.spend:用法:人+spend+时间/钱+on+某物Ispentonedayontheproposal.(我花了一天时间在这个企划书上.)人+spend+时间/钱+(in)doingsth.Theyspenttwoyearsinfinishingtheproject.他们花了两年完成这项工程.pay:词组:pay…for…为….支付….Ipaid5yuanforthispicturebook.我花了5元钱买这本书.take:句型:Ittakes+sb.+时间+todosth.Ittakes+时间+forsb.todosth.Ittookhimalotofmoneytobuythecar.Ittookalotofmoneyforhimtobuythecar.买这辆车花了他很多钱.take…forgranted认为…理所当然Wetookallthethingshappeninghereforgranted.我们认为所有这些事情是理所当然的.结构:take+名词+forgranted32.remind;mindIt____meofthevillagewherewespentourholidaylastsummer. [A]reminds [B]recalls [C]remembers [D]mindsmindsth/doingsthIdon’tmindacoffee.(Iquitelikeit.)(我不介意来杯咖啡.)Annewon’tmindgoingtoItalytolive.(Anne不介意去意大利定居.)Doyoumindif…?….你不介意吧?DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?CF:care介意;在乎;关心通常用于否定句,疑问句;careaboutsth.Hedidn’tcareaboutclothes.穿着方面他不在乎.care(about)wh-Myfatherdoesn’tcarewhatIdo.父亲不关心我做什么.care词组:carefor喜欢(用于否定句,疑问句)Idon’tcareforbaseball.我不喜欢棒球.takecareof…=lookafter…Whotakescareofthepet?33.superior&inferiorsenior:年纪大的;年长的;高级的词组:beseniorto+名词e.g.Heistwoyearsseniortome.他比我年长两岁.seniorstudents高年级学生theseniorofficer高级军官junior:年少的;较年轻的;下级的;词组:bejuniorto+名词e.g.Sheisfouryearstohim.她比他年轻4岁.ajuniorofficer下级军官34.prior&previousprior:在前的;在先的;比…优先的;e.g.IamsorryIhaveapriorengagement.对不起,我有约在先.Ihaveapriorclaimonthismatter.在这件事上我有优先权.Thesecoursesrequirepriorknowledgeofcomputing.要有计算机知识才能参加这些课程.短语:priorto+名词在….之前Youhavetobeherepriortosix.你必须六点前到这里.NB:priorto=previousto=before在….之前PrevioustoleavingforFrance,hestudiedalotaboutthecountry.去法国以前,他对这个国家的事物做了许多研究.previous:(时间,顺序)前的;先的;(置于名词前修饰物)e.g.thepreviousday前一天thepreviouspage前一页thepreviousschool以前的学校比较:formerformer:以前的;从前的;(置于名词前修饰人或物)e.g.myformerEnglishteacher我以前的英语老师informertimes(days)往昔;从前35.sure&certain肯定的；确信的e.g.Iamcertain/sureofthevictory..Heiscertain/surethatitwillhappen.NB:certain的主语可以是物；sure不能用物作主语。Theschemeiscertaintomeetopposition.这项计划必然招到反对。例句（2006年）Itis____thatallstudentswillneedtocompleteaUniversityRegistrationform.(B) [A]sure [B]certain [C]correct [D]necessaryRevision1词汇复习1.Fiveminutesearlier,____wecouldhavecaughtthelasttrain.A.and B.but C.or D.so2.Hewasinpoorhealth.Hecouldnotmakehisvoice_______.A.hear B.tohear C.heard D.tobeheard3.Thecarcrashedintothetrain,andthedriverwaskilled____thespot.A.on B.at C.to D.by4.Keepin_____thatallpeoplearedifferentandsomemayprogressfasterthanothers.A.head B.brain C.heart D.mind5.Sallyseldomdoesherhomeworkinthemorning,________.A.sodoesJerry B.Jerryistoo C.neitherdoesJerry D.Jerrydoesn’ttoo6.Hadheworkedharder,he_____theexams.A.musthavegotthorugh B.wouldhavegotthroughC.wouldgetthrough D.couldgetthrough7.________determinesagoodmealvariesfromcountrytocountry.A.What B.That C.It D.Which8.TheAncientEgyptianscomparedtherisingofthesun______thebeginningoflife.A.with B.to C.for D.as9.Iamfeelngsick.I_____somuchchocolate.A.needn’thavebeen B.couldn’thavebeenC.mustn’thavebeen D.shouldn’thavebeen10.Halfayearafterthewar,schoolsinthecountryreturnedto_______.A.normal B.cultivation C.instruction D.education11.Youmusttake____forgrantedthatIwillhelpyou.A.it B.that C.this D.its12.Little_____whatothersthink.A.doeshecareabout B.didhecareaboutC.hecaresabout D.hecaredabout13.______havegoneabroad.A.TheWhite B.TheWhites C.TheWhite’s D.TheWhites14._____wehavefinishedthetext,weshallstartdoingmorerevisionexercises.A.Fornow B.Sincethat C.Nowthat D.Bynow15.Mynewglassescostme______thelastpairIbought.A.threetimes B.threetimesasmuchasC.threetimesasmuch D.threetimesmuchas16.You_____yesterdayifyouwerereallyseriousaboutthejob.A.oughttocome B.oughthavecome C.oughtcome D.oughttohavecome17.Nosoonerhadshegothome_____shetriedonhernewcoat.A.that B.than C.before D.when18.Ourteachernever_____usleaveclassearly.A.lets B.salary C.make D.tells19.Peterstaysathomewithoutajob,buthegetsgood________.A.pay B.salary C.wage D.income20._____illness,hewenttotheseasideforvacatin.A.Dueto B.Accordingto C.Owingto D.Forthesakeof21.______Icannotkeepupwithmyclassmates.A.HowItryhard B.WhateverhardItry C.NomatterhowItryhard D.NomatterhowhardItry22.Onlyifyouworkhardeveryday______passtheexam.A.youcan B.mayyou C.youmust D.mustyou23.OurEnglishteacheris_______.A.JamesandMary’sfather B.James’sandMary’sfatherC.Jame’sandmary’sfather D.James’andMary’sfather24._____thetemperature,_____waterturnsintosteam.A.Thehigh;thefast B.Higher;fasterC.Themorehigher;thefaster D.Thehigher;thefaster25.Itisrequestedthatallthestudents______presentatthemeetingtomorrow.A.were B.are C.willbe D.be26.Fondofsingassheis,sheis______agoodsingerbyprofession.A.everythingbut B.somethingbut C.nothingbut D.anythingbut27.Itwasclever_____attheanswerintwominutes.A.ofhimtoarrive B.forhimtoarrive C.forhisarriving D.ofhisarriving28.Themachinehadno_____onhim.A.affection B.effect C.affect D.effectiveUnitThree词汇用法leave的用法leave+名词+todosth.把…交由e.g.I’dbetterleaveyoutogetonwithit.我最好把它交给你去继续做。Youshouldleavethelawyertosettletheproblem.你应该委托律师去解决那个问题。leave+名词+形容词使…处于某种状态e.g.Terrorleftherspeechless.恐惧让她说不出话来。Violentdisturbanceleftatleasttenpeopledead.暴乱至少使得10人死亡。leave+名词+现在分词e.g.Sheleftherbabygirlcrying.她让她的BB哭个不停。leave+名词+过去分词e.g.Don’tleaveyourworkhalfdone.工作不要半途而废。Betterleaveitunsaid.(谚语)话还是不讲出来的好。keep的用法keep+名词+形容词/副词/名词使维持(某种状态)e.g.--Thiscoatwillkeepyouwarm.这件外套可以让你暖和。--Herillnesskeptherinbedfortwoweeks.她因生病在床上躺了一星期。--Theykepttheirmarriageasecret.他们使结婚成密。Moreexamples:Theirmainaimistohelpkeepyoungstersoutoftrouble.他们的目的是帮助年轻人摆脱困境。Thenoiseoutsidekeptmeawake.噪音使我一直醒着。keep+名词+过去分词e.g.Thewindowwaskeptlocked.那窗户一直锁着。keep+名词+现在分词e.g.Shekeptmewaitingforhalfanhour.她让我等了半个钟。Keepthefireburning.不要让火熄灭。Keep+adj.keepfitkeepcleanKeep+doing（不间断做）--keeprunning--Thephonekeepsringing.keepondoing(有间断做)--Ikeeponexercisingeveryweek.我每周坚持锻炼。Keep…from…不要做…--Heradvicekeptmefrommakingaseriousmistake.她的忠告使我免于犯下严重错误。keepfromdoing…避免做…;--Youshouldkeepfromsittinguplate.你应该避免熬夜。--Keepfromgettingcold.不要感冒。3.Make的用法make+名词+doShemadeherchildrenwashtheirhandsbeforeeating.她要孩子们吃东西前洗手。Theteachermadehimstayafterschool.老师要他放学后留下。这一用法的被动形式：e.g.--Theteachermadehimstayafterschool.Hewasmadetostayafterschool.--Lackofmoneymadehimleaveschool.Hewasmadetoleaveschoolbylackofmoney.缺钱让他不得不辍学。make+名词+形容词（名词）使…成…(状态);选…为…e.g.--Hisgiftmadeherveryhappy.他的礼物让她很开心。--Wemadehimchairman.我们选他做主席。--Ihadtospeakloudertomakemyselfheard.为了让人听见我不得不大声说话。--ItrytomakemyselfunderstoodinEnglish.我试着用英语表达让人明白我。4.find的用法find+名词+现在分词发现正在做…e.g--Ifoundtheboystealingthebook.我发现这个男孩偷书。find+名词+过去分词e.g.--Ifoundthegroundcoveredwithsnow.我发现雪覆盖大地。find+名词+形容词（介词短语）e.g.--Wefoundtheboysafeandsound.我们发现那个男孩安然无恙。--Ifoundhimintheclassroom.我发现他在教室里。--WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmyselfbackhome.当我醒来时，我发现我回家了。重要短语givegiveup 放弃givein 让步giveaway 赠送putputaside 储存putaway 收好putoff 推迟putforward 提出putupwith 容忍；忍受makemakeupone’smindtodosth. 决心做makeup 组成makeupfor… 弥补makesure 查明；弄确实；makea/thedifference 有影响；很重要下面词组意思为：…由…组成bemadeupofbecomposedofbecomprisedofconsistof….e.g.--Theclassismadeupof20students.--Theclassconsistsof20students.turnturndown拒绝turnout生产；结果是turntosb.求助于；turninto使变成；（makeinto;changeinto;)turnon打开turnoff关上UnitFour构词法构词在英语考试中也占有一定的比例，因此学习并掌握英语构词的方法是非常重要的。例如:Iamstudyingathome.（在家）Heishomeless.（无家可归）Thehouseisnice.（房子）Afarmerofferedtohousethesicktraveler.（收留）Thenursetakescareoftheoldlady.（照顾）Heiscarefulsothathewon’tmissanything.（仔细的）Heissuchacarelessguythatheoftenmakesfoolishmistakesinthetest.（粗心的）Part1转化法由一个词类转化为另一个词类名词转化为动词e.g.increase(增长;使增长)picture(图画；想象)house(房子；给….提供住宿;收留)cook (厨师；做饭)influence(影响)NB:有些名词转化为动词，词形和拼法改变food（食物） feed （喂养）bath（澡） bathe（洗澡）blood（血） bleed（流血）proof（证据） prove（证明）breath（呼吸）breathe（呼吸）flight（飞行） fly （飞）形容词转化为动词Narrow（窄的；变窄）Lower（更低；变低）Empty（空的；让…空）Calm（安静的；使安静）Quiet（安静的；使安静）e.g.--Icouldn’tcalmthelittlegirldown.我不能使这个小女孩安静下来。--Theboyemptiedtheboxandfoundapencilinit.小男孩到空盒子发现里面有一支铅笔。Part2派生法加前缀法表否定意义的前缀‘无,不,非’a-normal–amoral 非道德性的ab-normal–abnormal 异常的dis-honest–dishonest 不诚实的connect–disconnect 不连接like-dislike 不喜欢courage-discourage 使失去勇气appear-disappear消失il-legal-illegal 不合法;非法的literate–illiterate 不识字的;文盲的im-possible-impossible不可能的perfect-imperfect不完美的moral-immoral不道德的in-human-inhuman不人道的secure-insecure不安全的capable-incapable无能力的ir-regular-irregular不规则的un-happy-unhappy不快乐的fortunate–unfortunate 不幸的real-unreal不真实的conditional–unconditional无条件的finished-unfinished未完成的able-unable不能的表示空间位置的前缀ex-（外部；外）exit (出口)expand (扩张)export (出口；输出)extend (延伸)expose (暴露)post-在后postwar (战后)post-doctor (博士后)pre-在前precious (以前的)preface (前言)trans-移…translate 翻译transform 转换transmit 传送transfer 迁移;调动transplant 移植transport 运输表示时间和次第关系的前缀ex-先,旧;ex-wife前妻ex-president前总统re-再一次;retell 重讲return回来;返回recall 回想retreat重复rewrite 重写表示比较程度差别关系的前缀extra-;out-;over-;super-；超越、超过e.g.extraordinary非常的overwork过度工作overtake超过outgrow长得比…大outlive 比…长寿outweigh超过superman超人superpower超能力e.g.--Heoutgrewthepants.裤子太小，他穿不了了。--Ioutgrewmychildhoodfriends.我忘记了我的童年朋友。--Themedicalbenefitsofx-raysfaroutweightheriskofhavingthem.x光对医学的好处远远超过使用他们的危险.--Heoutlivedhisfriends.他比他朋友长寿。名词后缀从事某种职业的人-er;-ist;or;worker;writer;runner;psychologist心理学者actor;inventor;successor（后继者）形容词后缀-ishfoolish；selfish(自私的);childish(幼稚的)-ousdangerous;courageous;famous;poisonous(有毒的)-fulcareful;beautiful;wonderful;helpful-lesscareless(粗心的);meaningless(无意义的);helpless(无助的);countless(无数的)副词后缀-lycarefully;simply;hardly (几乎不);greatly(大大地);quick