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Supportingthe
INTERNATIONAL
CO-OPERATION
TO
ACCELERATE
GREEN
HYDROGEN
DEPLOYMENT
Abrieffromthe
IRENACollaborativeFramework
onGreenHydrogen
©IRENA2024
Unlessotherwisestated,materialinthispublicationmaybefreelyused,shared,copied,reproduced,printedand/orstored,providedthatappropriateacknowledgementisgivenofIRENAasthesourceandcopyright
holder.Materialinthispublicationthatisattributedtothirdpartiesmaybesubjecttoseparatetermsofuseandrestrictions,andappropriatepermissionsfromthesethirdpartiesmayneedtobesecuredbeforeanyuseofsuchmaterial.
ISBN:978-92-9260-592-6
Citation:IRENA(2024),Internationalco-operationtoaccelerategreenhydrogendeployment,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi.
AboutIRENA
TheInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency(IRENA)servesastheprincipalplatformforinternationalco-operation;acentreofexcellence;arepositoryofpolicy,technology,resourceandfinancialknowledge;andadriverofactiononthegroundtoadvancethetransformationoftheglobalenergysystem.Aglobalintergovernmentalorganisationestablishedin2011,IRENApromotesthewidespreadadoptionandsustainableuseofallformsofrenewableenergy,includingbioenergyandgeothermal,hydropower,ocean,solarandwindenergy,inthepursuitofsustainabledevelopment,energyaccess,energysecurity,andlow-carboneconomicgrowthandprosperity.
Acknowledgements
ThisbriefwasauthoredbyAnn-KathrinLipponer(IRENA)undertheguidanceofFranciscoBoshell(IRENA)andRolandRoesch(Director,IRENAInnovationandTechnologyCentre).ThebriefhasbenefittedfromthecommentsandinputsofJamesWalker,ArnovandenBos,EmanueleBianco,RaulMiranda,DanialSaleem,andZafarSamadov(allIRENA).
Thisbriefhasbenefittedfrom,andincorporatestheinputsof,theIRENACollaborativeFrameworkonGreenHydrogen.TheCollaborativeFrameworkonGreenHydrogenwasfacilitatedbyGermanyandtheUnitedArabEmiratesin2023.
Disclaimer
Thispublicationandthematerialhereinareprovided“asis”.AllreasonableprecautionshavebeentakenbyIRENAtoverifythereliabilityofthematerialinthispublication.However,neitherIRENAnoranyofitsofficials,agents,dataorotherthird-partycontentprovidersprovidesawarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied,andtheyacceptnoresponsibilityorliabilityforanyconsequenceofuseofthepublicationormaterialherein.
TheinformationcontainedhereindoesnotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsofallMembersofIRENA.ThementionofspecificcompaniesorcertainprojectsorproductsdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyIRENAinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialhereindonotimplytheexpressionofanyopiniononthepartofIRENAconcerningthelegalstatusofanyregion,country,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationoffrontiersorboundaries.
ThepresentationofmaterialhereindoesnotimplytheexpressionofanyopiniononthepartofIRENAconcerningthelegalstatusofanyregion,country,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationoffrontiersorboundaries.
TABLEOFCONTENTS
01
Introduction
Executive
Summary
02
Country
insights
@Unsplash/KarelVH@Unsplash/RicardoGomez@Unsplash/MicahHallahan
INTERNATIONALCO-OPERATIONTOACCELERATEGREENHYDROGENDEPLOYMENT
4
TABLEOFCONTENTS
03
Rampingupgreenhydrogen
supplyanddemand:
Keychallengesandsolutions
3.1
Regulationsandincentive
schemestriggeringdemand
andsupplycreation
3.2
Closingthecostgapand
financinglarge-scaleprojects
3.3
Towardscomprehensive
sustainability
3.4
Capacitybuilding,skillsandjobs
Figures
Figure1
Carbondioxideemissions
abatement
in2050under
the1.5°CScenario
Figure2
Breakdownoftotalfinal
energyconsumptionby
energycarrierover
2020-2050underthe1.5°C
Scenario
Figure3
KeyoutcomesonhydrogenatCOP28
Figure4
Countryinterventionsat
IRENA’s2023CFGHmeetings
@Freepick
@Freepick
5
Abbreviations
AGHA
CDR
CFGH
COP28
EHB
EU
GHG
H2HUBS
IRA
IRENA
ISO
GO
GST
METI
MW
AfricaGreenHydrogenAlliance
CommissionDelegatedRegulations
CollaborativeFrameworkonGreenHydrogen
2023UnitedNationsClimateChangeConference
EuropeanHydrogenBank
EuropeanUnion
greenhousegas
RegionalCleanHydrogenHubsProgram
InflationReductionAct
InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency
InternationalOrganizationforStandardization
guaranteeoforigin
GlobalStocktake
MinistryofEconomy,TradeandIndustry(Japan)
megawatt
INTERNATIONALCO-OPERATIONTOACCELERATEGREENHYDROGENDEPLOYMENT
EXECUTIVESUMMARY
IRENAestablishedtheCollaborativeFrameworksasplatformsfordialogueandco-ordinatedactiontosupporttheglobalenergytransition.Withitsnearlyuniversalglobalmembership,IRENAhasauniquemandatetobringtheglobalcommunitytogethertodiscussandco-operateontopicsofstrategicimportance.
In2023,theCollaborativeFrameworkonGreenHydrogen(CFGH)focusedontakingstockofglobalhydrogendeploymentafteryearsofstrategydevelopmentandprojectannouncements,supportingtheGlobalStocktakeprocessofthe2023UnitedNationsClimateChangeConference(COP28).ThetwomeetingsoftheCFGHconvenedthatyearshedlightonthefollowingquestions:Wheredoestheworldstandintermsoftranslatingplansintoaction,whatchallengesdomemberstatesfaceandwhatsolutionscantheybenefitfrom?
ThefirstCFGHmeetingheldin2023concentratedondevelopingdemandstructuresforgreenhydrogen,whilethesecondfocusedonthesupplyside.ThisbriefsynthesisesessentialinsightsgatheredfromIRENA’smembercountriesandtheexpertswhoparticipatedinthesemeetings.
TheBriefalsoservesasaninputtothe
BreakthroughAgenda
hydrogensectorPriorityAction5,'LandscapeCo-ordination',inthatitprovidesanoverviewofinitiativesunderwayataninternationallevel.Withitsnear-universalmembership,theIRENACFGHisuniquelypositionedtoenhancethecoordinationandtransparencyofinternationalcollaborationongreenhydrogen.
KeyinsightsfromtheCFGHmeetingsaredisplayedbelow.
@Freepick
6
ExECutIvEsummARy
7
Keyinsightsinclude:
@Freepick
Overarchingthemes
Strategylaunchesandupdates:
Themomentumtowardsplanninggreenhydrogenremainsstrong,andhydrogenstrategylauncheshavesurgedinrecentyears.In2023trailblazerslikeGermanyandJapanpublishedinitialstrategyrevisionsandupdates.Giventherapidevolutionofthegreenhydrogensector,updatingstrategiesiscrucialtoaddressthosedevelopments.
Standardsandcertification:
SignificantadvancementsincertificationandstandardsincludetheunveilingoftheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)methodologyforassessinggreenhousegasemissions,andtheDeclarationofIntentforthemutualrecognitionofcertificationschemesannouncedatCOP28.Despitetheprogressbeingmade,however,challengespersistintradinghydrogenasderivates.In2024,IRENAisleadingeffortstomapexistingaccountingmethods,standardsandcertificationschemes,focusingongreen-hydrogen-basedammonia,methanolandsteelproducedbydirectreducediron.
Sustainability:
Fortrulysustainablegreenhydrogenvaluechainstobecreated,projectplannersmustaccountformorethanemissions.Theymustalsoconsiderlocalenvironmentalimpacts,includingenergyandwatersupply,aswellassocialfactorslikejobcreationandcommunityinvolvement.
INTERNATIONALCO-OPERATIONtOACCELERAtEGREENHyDROGENDEPLOymENt
Keyinsightsonthesupplyside
Theglobalpipelineofhydrogenpilot
Highfinancingcostsandaccess
Fosteringcommunityinvolvement,
projectsisnascentandconcentrated
tofinanceremainkeychallenges
andthusbolsteringsocialacceptance,
inEuropeandAsia.China,Germany,
inthemanydevelopingcountries
iscriticalintheimplementationof
SpainandAustraliaaccount
withsignificantrenewableenergy
newenergytechnologies.Especially
for50%ofplannedorinstalled
potential.Catalysinggreenhydrogen
forthosethatinvolvelarge-scale
capacity;46%ofthecapacityis
productioninsuchcountrieswould
infrastructuredevelopment,suchas
stillintheannouncementphase
requirede-risking,risksharingand
thatrequiredtomeetfuturedemand
(567megawatts[MW]),withonly396MWunderdevelopmentand
tailor-madefinancingmechanisms.
forgreenhydrogen.Peerlearningfrombestpracticeswillprovetobe
268MWoperational.
beneficialinthisregard.
Keyinsightsonthedemandside
Effortstocreatedemandneedtobe
Regulatorysupportmustbe
schemesandpolicymechanismswere
steppedup:
maintained,alongsideboldpolicy
introduced.Althoughdiverseindesign
Therehasbeenmodestprogress
making:
andapproach,theseaimtosend
increatingdemandforgreen
Long-awaiteddevelopmentslike
robustdemandsignalswhileensuring
hydrogen.Itisimportantthatboth
theadoptionoftheDelegatedActs
anampleandsecuresupplyofgreen
governmentsandcompaniessend
oftheEuropeanRenewableEnergy
hydrogen.Thisisanimportantstepin
strongercollectivedemandsignals
Directivemade2023apivotalyear
theprocessofsettingplansinmotion.
bymovingfromtargetstopolicies
forboldpolicymakinganddecisions
Regulationandinvestmentsupport
andfromcommitmentstocontracts.
regardingpublicfundingforgreen
arecrucialpre-conditionstoramp
Identifyingpre-definedoff-takersis
hydrogen.Inaracetoleadthegreen
upgreenhydrogenproductionand
crucial.
hydrogensector,significantincentive
deployment.
@Unsplash/AmericanPublicPowerAssociation
Whiletherehasbeenprogressinbuildingupsupplyanddemandstructuresforgreenhydrogenandderivatives,asubstantialdeploymentgapmustbeclosedtoachieveanet-zerofuture.Severalkeybarrierstosuccessfulhydrogendeploymentwereaddressedin2023.Yet,theCFGHmeetingalsopinpointedblindspotsandareasrequiringmoreattention.IRENAwillleadeffortstotackletheseissuesandmaintaintheCFGHasacentralforumforglobalcollaborationin2024.
8
9
@Unsplash/KarelVH
01
INTRODUCTION
INTERNATIONALCO-OPERATIONTOACCELERATEGREENHYDROGENDEPLOYMENT
10
Scenario
1.5°C
Renewables
(poweranddirectuses)
25%
25%
19%
12%
8%
11%
Energyconservationandemciency
Electrificationinendusesectors
(direct)
Hydrogenanditsderivatives
CCS/Uinindustry
BECCSandothercarbonremovalmeasures
H2
-34.2
GtCO2/yr
口
个个
100%
01
INTRODUCTION
Greenhydrogenanditsderivativesarekeytothelastmileofnet-zeroemissionsreduction–whichshouldbecompletedbymid-centuryatthelatest.Achievingnet-zerorequiresacomprehensivetransformationofallsectors,includingnotjustpowerbutalsoenduses.AcombinationofenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergycandeliverthebulkoftheemissionsreductionsneededtomeetthegoalsoftheParisAgreement.Forsomeapplicationswherethedirectuseofrenewableelectricityisnottechnicallyviableorcost-effective,greenhydrogencanhelpreducethedecarbonisationgap.AccordingtoIRENA’scalculations,underthe1.5°CScenario,by2050,greenhydrogenanditsderivatesmayabate12%ofemissionsandaccountfor14%offinalenergyconsumption(Figures1and2).Thatalonewouldrequirescalingupelectrolysercapacityfromnegligiblenumberstodayto5722gigawattsin2050(IRENA,2023a).
Greenhydrogenandderivativesgivehighlyindustrialisedcountriesopportunitiestotransformtheirindustriessoastoachievenet-zeroemissions,whilealsopresentingprospectsforindustrialdevelopmentindevelopingcountriesrichinrenewableenergyresources.Achievingthesegoalsrequiresacombinationofstrongdemandsignals,effectivepublicpoliciesandproactiveprivatesectorinvolvement.Greenhydrogendeploymentwillalsoleadtothecreationofnewvaluechains,someofthemspanningtheglobe,involvingawiderangeofstakeholders.Internationalcollaborationisneededtosharebestpracticesandalsothelessonslearntalongtheway.
Figure1.Carbondioxideemissionsabatementin2050underthe1.5°CScenario
Abatements2050
Source:(IRENA,2023a).
Notes:BECCS=bioenergywithcarboncaptureandstorage;CCS/U=carboncaptureandstorage/utilisation;GtCO2/yr=gigatonneofcarbondioxideperyear.
INtRODuCtION
11
TFEC(%)
4%Others
22%
Electricity
(direct)
16%
Modernbiomassuses
14%
Hydrogen
(directuse
ande-fuels)*
7%
Others
Fossilfuels
12%
1%
ctricity
rect)
5Ele(di
Implementationofgreenhydrogenstrategieshasincreasedrapidlyinrecentyears,alongwithnumerousprojectannouncementsandbi-andtrilateralagreements.WhileJapan,theRepublicofKoreaandAustraliahavebeenfrontrunnersinhydrogenstrategydevelopment,since2020,moreandmorecountrieshavelaunchedtheirstrategies.Today,about50strategydocumentsandfourstrategyrevisionsexist(IRENA,forthcoming).However,itischallengingtoevaluatehowmanyoftheseinitiativeshavebeentranslatedintotangibleactionsandwheretheworldstandsintermsofgreenhydrogendeployment.
OneapproachtodeterminetheprogressbeingmadewasthefirstGlobalStocktake(GST)processofthe2023UnitedNationsClimateChangeConference(COP28).TheGSTprocesswasdesignedtotakeaninventoryofwheretheworldstandsonclimateaction,andidentifygaps.In2023,IRENA’sCollaborativeFrameworkonGreenHydrogen(CFGH)wasdedicatedtosupportingtheGSTprocessbytakingacloselookintorecentdevelopmentswithinthegreenhydrogensector.WithIRENA’snear-universalmembership,theCFGHbroughttheglobalcommunitytogetherandshedlightontheprogresstodateinbuildingupgreenhydrogenandderivativessupplyanddemandstructures.Participants,includinggovernmentsandindustrystakeholders,wereinvitedtosharetheirexperiencesregardingbarriersencountered,anddiscusspotentialsolutions.InsightsgainedfromthesemeetingsweredisseminatedduringCOP28,providingvaluableinformationabouttheprogressandchallengesintheglobalgreenhydrogenlandscape.
Figure2.Breakdownoftotalfinalenergyconsumptionbyenergycarrierover2020-2050underthe1.5°CScenario
20202050(1.5°CScenario)
374EJTotalfinalenergyconsumption353EJTotalfinalenergyconsumption
63%
Fossilfuels
6%
Traditionalusesof
biomass
5%
Modern
biomass
uses
28%Renewableshareinelectricity
Renewableshare
inhydrogen
94%
91%
Renewableshareinelectricity
Source:(IRENA,2023a)
Note:Thefiguresaboveincludeonlyenergyconsumption,excludingnon-energyuses.Forelectricityuse,28%in2020and91%in2050arefromrenewablesources;fordistrictheating,thesharesare7%and84%,respectively;forhydrogen(directuseande-fuels),therenewableenergyshare(i.e.greenhydrogen)wouldreach94%by2050.Hydrogen(directuseande-fuels)accountsfortotalhydrogenconsumption(greenandblue)andothere-fuels(e-ammoniaande-methanol).Electricity(direct)includestheconsumptionofelectricitythatisprovidedbyallsourcesofgeneration:renewable,nuclearandfossilfuel-based.TraditionalusesofbiomassrefertotheresidentialTFECofsolidbiofuelsinnon-OECDcountries.Modernbioenergyusesincludesolidbiomass,biogasandbiomethaneusedinbuildingsandindustry;andliquidbiofuelsusedmainlyintransport,butalsoinbuildings,industryandotherfinalconsumption.Remainingfossilfuelsin2050correspondtonaturalgas(mainlyusedinindustryandtransport,andtoalesserextentinbuildings),oil(mainlyinindustryandtransport,andtoalesserextentinbuildings)andcoal(correspondstousesinindustry-cement,chemicals,ironandsteel).Othersincludedistrictheatandotherrenewablesconsumption.EJ=exajoule;OECD=OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment;TFEC=totalfinalenergyconsumption.
INTERNATIONALCO-OPERATIONTOACCELERATEGREENHYDROGENDEPLOYMENT
12
HydrogenplayedacrucialroleatCOP28inDubai:itwaspartofthefirstGSTprocess,thefinaloutcomepaperanddiscussionswithintheCOP28Presidency’sHigh-LevelRoundtableonHydrogen.AnumberofthematicsessionsonthesidelinesofCOP28focusedonvariousaspectsofhydrogen.TheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeSecretariatsharedinsightsintotheGST’stechnicaldialogue,acollaborativediscussioninvolvingcountries,expertsandstakeholders.Theresultingreportevaluatescollectiveprogresstowardsfulfillingthepurposeandlong-termgoalsoftheParisAgreement.Itstatesthat“achievingnet-zeroCO2andGHGemissionsrequiressystemstransformationsacrossallsectors[…],rapidscalingupofrenewableenergy,widespreadelectrificationofenduses,useofcleanfuels,includinglow-carbonhydrogenandammonia”(UNFCCC,2023).ThefinaloutcomepapercallsonPartiestocontributetoacceleratingzero-andlow-emissiontechnologies,includinglow-carbonhydrogenproduction(UNFCCC,2023).
WhiletheGSTprocessclarifiedthathydrogenwillplayaroleinfulfillingtheParisAgreement,COP28itselfwasthestageforanumberoffurtherdeclarationsandannouncements.SomeofthekeyoutcomesareincludedinFigure3.
Figure3.KeyoutcomesonhydrogenatCOP28
Morethan30countrieslaunchedtheCOP28DeclarationofIntent
recognisingthekeyroleofcleanhydrogeninglobaldecarbonisationandmeetingglobalenergyneeds,endorsersofthedeclarationseektoworktowardmutualrecognitionofhydrogencertificationschemestohelpfacilitateglobalmarket.
ISOMethodologyforGHGemissionsassessmentforHydrogenonalifecycleassessment(LCA)basishasbeenrevealedatCOP28.
Public-PrivateActionStatementsignedbytheInternationalHydrogenTradeForum(IHTF)andtheHydrogenCouncilaimstoadvance
implementationofcross-bordertradecorridorsinhydrogenanditsderivativesinternationally.
Shippingleadersandgreenhydrogenproducersagreedonuptaketargetsfor2030toenableanetzeromaritimesectorincludingan11tonne(Mt)2030productiontargetforusebytheshippingsector.
AllianceforIndustryDecarbonization(AFID)hasadopted
decarbonisationcommittmentsonincreasingproductionofrenewableenergyandgreenhydrogenby2020.
MUTUAL
RECOGNITION
OFCERTIFICATION
SCHEMES
ISO
METHODOLOGY
INTERNATIONAL
HYDROGEN
TRADEFORUM
UPTAKEAGREEMENTSHIPPINGSECTOR
INDUSTRY
DECARBONISATION
AGREEMENT
01
02
03
04
05
Sources:(AFID,2023;COP28UAE,2023;HydrogenCouncil,2023;ISO,2023;UNFCCCClimateChampions,2023).
Note:COP28=2023UnitedNationsClimateChangeConference;GHG=greenhousegas;ISO=InternationalOrganizationforStandardization.
INtRODuCtION
13
Thesedevelopmentsreflectthesustainedpoliticalattentionandsupportforhydrogen.However,thequestionremains,howcanindividualcountrieseffectivelyleveragethepotentialofgreenhydrogenandderivatives–whethertotransitiontheirindustriestonetzeroortoembarkonlarge-scaleproductionprojects.Thepathforwardremainscritical.
Thisbriefprovideskeyinsightsgainedduringthe2023CFGHmeetings.Italsoprovidesupdatesonthedevelopmentsincountriesthatareaspiringtobecomemajorgreenhydrogenconsumersandthosethatholdsubstantialrenewableenergypotential,andcouldalsoactasgreenhydrogenexporters.Itfurthercontainsinsightsintohowchallengescanbeaddressedandwhattoolshaverecentlybeenmadeavailable.
@Freepick
02
COUNTRY
INSIGHTS
@Unsplash/MicahHallahan
COuNtRyINsIGHts
15
02
COUNTRYINSIGHTS
AsIRENA’sCFGHservesasaglobalplatformfordialogueandco-operation,membercountrieswereinvitedtoshareupdatesonrecentgreen-hydrogen-relateddevelopmentsintheirrespectivenations.Theseupdatesincludeddiscussionsonpolicypriorities,incentiveschemesfordemandandsupplycreation,challengesfacedandongoingprojects.Thisbriefpresentsthekeyinsightsfromallthecountryinterventionssharedatthe2023CFGHmeetings,encompassingnationsacrosstheworld(Figure4).1GermanyandtheUnitedArabEmiratesco-facilitatedtheCFGHmeetings.
Figure4.CountryinterventionsatIRENA’s2023CFGHmeetings
ALASKA(USA)
SWEDEN
CANADA
NETHERLANDS
GERMANY
AUSTRIA
UNITEDSTATESOFAMERICAPORTUGAL
CHINA
MAURITANIA
UNITED
ARAB
EMIRATES
PANAMA
KENYA
AUSTRALIA
CHILE
Co-facilitators
Germany;UnitedArabEmirates
Interveningcountries
Australia;Austria;Canada;Chile;China;Kenya;Mauritania;TheNetherlands;Panama;Portugal;Sweden;UnitedStates
Note:CFGH=CollaborativeFrameworkonGreenHydrogen.
Disclaimer:Thismapisprovidedforillustrationpurposesonly.BoundariesandnamesshownonthismapdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopiniononthepartofIRENAconcerningthestatusofanyregion,country,territory,cityorarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationoffrontiersorboundaries.
1ThissectionisbasedontheinterventionsandprioritiessharedbymembersoftheCFGHmeetings.Itisnotacomprehensivereflectionofallsectordevelopmentsinthosemembercountries,anddoesnotcoverallthecountriesthatmayassumean
importantrole.
INTERNATIONALCO-OPERATIONTOACCELERATEGREENHYDROGENDEPLOYMENT
16
Australia
Australiahasfocusedprimarilyongreenhydrogen,demandforwhichisontheriseinthecountry’seconomy.Australiahassetambitioustargets,includingachievingnet-zeroemissionsby2050andreducingemissionsby43%by2030,withan80%reductionthroughrenewables.Tosupportthesegoals,AustraliahaslaunchedanAUD2billionprogramme(aboutUSD1.34billion)tosubsidisegreenhydrogenproduction(HydrogenHeadstartprogram).InFebruary2023,theEnergyandClimateChangeMinisterialCouncilapprovedareviewofthe2019NationalHydrogenStrategy.ThepurposeofthisreviewistoensureAustraliaisontracktonotonlybecomingaleadingglobalplayerinhydrogenproductionandexportby2030,butalsousinghydrogentodecarbonisedomesticindustries.
Further,theAustraliangovernmenthasbeenactivelydevelopingaGuaranteeofOrigin(GO)schemeoverthepastthreeyears.Theschemeisdesignedtomeasure,trackandverifycarbonemissionsandotherattributesofAustraliancleanenergyproducts,includinghydrogenandrenewableelectricity.ThevoluntaryGOschemeservesasafoundationalpolicytosupportthegrowthofcleanenergymarketsandinternationaltradeinlow-emissionproducts.Itenablestrackingrenewableelectricityclaimsandquantifyingemissionsandotherattributesofhydrogenandhydrogenenergycarriers,withpotentialforexpansiontoothercleanenergyproductsinthefuture.TheGOschemeaimstostimulatemarketcreation,incentiviseinnovationincleanenergyproductsandacceleratetheiradoption,andassistnewprojectsinsecuringfinancing.Itthuscontributestowidereffortstoscaleuprenewablesandthehydrogenindustry(CommonwealthofAustralia,2023).Thepublicconsultationprocesswasclosedbytheendof2023.
Austria
AustriapublisheditsnationalhydrogenstrategyinJune2022,whichdetailshowitintendstousehydrogentodecarboniseitseconomyandenergysystem.Themeasuresincludedinthestrategyaredesignedtosupporthydrogenalongtheentirevaluechain.Austriaemphasisedtheimportantroleplayedbyhydrogeninselectedindustrialapplications,forexample,ironandsteel,andchemicals,aswellasincertainareasofmobility,mostlyheavy-dutytransportandaviation,whereelectrificationisnotaviableoption.Austriaforeseesthat,despitethetargeteduseofhydrogen,domesticproductioncapacitiesalonecannotcoverthequantitiesrequiredtodecarbonisehard-to-abatesectors,andimportswillplayanimportantroleinthefuture.Austriaintendstoboostthedemandforrenewablehydrogenandbuildtherequiredinfrastructure.Investmentsinrenewablehydrogenproductionwillbestimulated,andsustainablebusinessmodelswillbepromoted.Throughdomesticenvironmentalfunding,EUR3billion(roughlyUSD3.3billion)hasbeenmadeavailableuntil2030topromotedemandforhydrogeninhard-to-abatesectors.
COuNtRyINsIGHts
17
Canada
Canadahasprogressedinkeyareassincelaunchingitshydrogenstrategyin2020.TheCanadianFederalGovernmenthasestablishedseveralworkinggroups.Oneofitisacodesandstandardsgroup,whichisco-chairedbytheStandardsCouncilofCanada.Itisconsideringtheidentificationofstandardgapsasakeyfocusarea.Canadahasalsoannouncedseveralinvestmenttaxcreditssince2022thatwillencouragecleanhydrogenproduction;carboncapture,useandsequestration;cleanelectricityandcleantechnologymanufacturing.TheCanadaGrowthFundhasallocatedCAD15billion(aboutUSD11.25billion)toincentiviseprivatesectorinvestmentsinthedeploymentofkeytechnologiessuchashydrogen,andCAD20billion(aboutUSD15billion)wasallocatedthroughtheCanadaInfrastructureBanktoincentivisemajorcleanelectricityandcleangrowthinfrastructureprojects.
Canadaissettoreleaseaprogressreporttothe2020hydrogenstrategyin2024,outliningpotentialhydrogenapplicationsacrossvarioussectors,includinghard-to-abatesectors.Thisreportisexpectedtoprovideinsightsintosuitableincentivesforthesesectorsandidentifypotentialchallenges.Canadaiswitnessingacontinuousstreamofnewhydrogenprojectplansatvariousstagesofdevelopmentacrossthecountry,includingdomestic-useprojectsandmorethantenlarge-scaleprojectswithexportpotential.Withambitionstobecomeanethydrogenexp
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