《电力建设施工技术规范 第3部分：汽轮发电机组》DLT 5190.3

DL/T5190.3-××××

ICS

K

备案号：

中华人民共和国电力行业标准

DL/T5190.3-XXXX

P代替DL5190.3－2012

电力建设施工技术规范

第3部分：汽轮发电机组

Technicalspecificationforthermalpower

erectionandconstruction

Part3：steamturbinegeneratorunit

（征求意见稿）

XXX-XX-XX发布XXXX-XX-XX实施

国家能源局发布

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II

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目次

1总则................................................................................................1

2术语................................................................................................2

3基本规定........................................................................................5

3.1设备开箱检验及保管..............................................................................5

3.2土建工程..................................................................................................6

3.3设备及系统安装......................................................................................7

3.4试运行......................................................................................................9

4汽轮机本体..................................................................................12

4.1一般规定................................................................................................12

4.2本体基础................................................................................................12

4.3台板与垫铁............................................................................................14

4.4汽缸、轴承座及滑销系统....................................................................18

4.5轴承和油挡............................................................................................23

4.6整体供货的汽缸....................................................................................31

4.7汽轮机转子............................................................................................33

4.8通流部分设备安装................................................................................38

4.9减速器和盘车装置................................................................................44

4.10汽轮机扣大盖......................................................................................47

4.11基础二次灌浆及养护..........................................................................52

4.12质量验收应提交的项目文件..............................................................53

5汽轮机辅助设备..........................................................................57

5.1一般规定................................................................................................57

5.2凝汽器....................................................................................................58

5.3直接空冷凝汽器....................................................................................65

5.4间接空冷装置........................................................................................71

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5.5热交换器................................................................................................74

5.6箱罐和除氧器........................................................................................76

5.7减温减压装置........................................................................................78

5.8抽气设备................................................................................................79

5.9汽水管道的吹扫和冲洗........................................................................81

5.10汽轮机真空系统严密性检查..............................................................82

5.11汽轮机辅助设备试运行......................................................................83

5.12质量验收应提交的项目文件..............................................................85

6汽轮机附属机械..........................................................................88

6.1一般规定................................................................................................88

6.2一般离心泵............................................................................................95

6.3给水泵及其配套装置..........................................................................100

6.4立式泵..................................................................................................104

6.5深井泵..................................................................................................116

6.6空冷风机和水塔风机..........................................................................119

6.7旋转滤网..............................................................................................121

6.8真空泵安装..........................................................................................122

6.9附属机械分部试运行..........................................................................123

6.10质量验收应提交的项目文件............................................................129

7燃气轮机本体............................................................................132

7.1本体基础..............................................................................................132

7.2垫铁和可调固定器..............................................................................132

7.3台板和支撑装置..................................................................................132

7.4燃气轮机本体......................................................................................132

7.5燃气轮机进气、排气系统安装..........................................................136

7.6基础二次灌浆及养护..........................................................................138

7.7罩壳安装..............................................................................................138

7.8质量验收应提交的项目文件..............................................................138

8燃气轮机附属系统....................................................................141

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8.1设备及框架模块安装..........................................................................141

8.2附属系统管道安装..............................................................................143

8.3燃气轮机附属系统试运行..................................................................145

8.4质量验收应提交的项目文件..............................................................147

9发电机和励磁装置....................................................................149

9.1一般规定..............................................................................................149

9.2轴承座及轴承......................................................................................153

9.3定子......................................................................................................154

9.4发电机转子..........................................................................................158

9.5调整定子位置和封闭端盖..................................................................161

9.6氢冷和水氢氢冷发电机的轴密封装置及气体冷却系统..................163

9.7双水内冷发电机进出水支座和冷却器..............................................167

9.8冷却水系统..........................................................................................171

9.9励磁装置..............................................................................................173

9.10质量验收应提交的项目文件............................................................174

10调节保安装置和油系统..........................................................177

10.1一般规定................................................................................177

10.2电液调节保安装置............................................................................180

10.3汽门及其传动机构............................................................................183

10.4离心式主油泵..........................................................................188

10.5调节油系统................................................................................190

10.6润滑油系统................................................................................192

10.7氢冷发电机的密封油系统................................................................197

10.8油循环和油系统试运........................................................................199

10.9质量验收应提交的项目文件............................................................203

11汽轮机本体范围的管道..........................................................205

11.1一般规定............................................................................................205

11.2阀门安装............................................................................................205

11.3管道安装............................................................................................206

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11.4质量验收应提交的项目文件............................................................209

12起重设施..................................................................................210

12.1桥式起重机........................................................................................210

12.2电动（手动）葫芦............................................................................218

12.3质量验收应提交的项目文件............................................................219

13汽轮机化妆板、平台、梯子和盖板.....................................221

13.1汽轮机化妆板....................................................................................221

13.2平台、梯子和盖板............................................................................221

附录A汽轮机台板砂浆垫块施工规定......................................223

附录B汽缸密封涂料..................................................................225

附录C常用密封材料品种及适用范围......................................226

附录D常用油脂品种及适用范围..............................................228

附录E汽轮机螺栓常用材料物理性能......................................231

附录F用钢丝找中心垂弧计算公式..........................................232

附录G机组振动标准..................................................................233

附录H油质等级标准..................................................................234

标准用词说明..................................................................................237

引用标准名录..................................................................................238

条文说明..........................................................................................240

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Contents

1Generalprovisions························································1

2Terms·······································································2

3Basicrequirement·························································5

3.1Equipmentumpackingandstorage······································5

3.2Civilworks······························································7

3.3Equipmentandsystemerection·········································7

3.4Trialrunofturbogenerators·············································9

4Steamturbine····························································12

4.1Generalrequirement···················································12

4.2Requirementsforfoundation···········································12

4.3Soleplateandshims····················································14

4.4Casing,bearingpedestalsandslidingkeysystem······················18

4.5Bearingandoilbaffle··················································23

4.6Integralcylinder·······················································31

4.7Steamturbinerotor····················································33

4.8Installationofequipmentinflowpassage······························38

4.9Turninggearandspeedreducer········································44

4.10Coveringofsteamturbine············································47

4.11Secondarygroutingandcuring·······································52

4.12Projectdocumentstobeprovidedbeforequalityacceptance·········53

5Auxiliaryequipments···················································57

5.1Generalrequirement···················································57

5.2Condenser······························································58

5.3Aircooleddevice······················································65

5.4Indirectairdevice······················································71

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5.5Heatexchanger························································74

5.6Tanksanddeaerator····················································76

5.7Attemperatorandpressurereducingdevice····························78

5.8Extractionequipments·················································79

5.9Purgingandflushingofsteam-waterpipelines·························80

5.10Leakagecheckofsteamturbinevacuumsystem·····················82

5.11Trialrunofsteamturbineauxiliaryequipment·······················83

5.12Projectdocumentstobeprovidedbeforequalityacceptance········85

6Accessorymachinery···················································88

6.1Generalrequirement··················································88

6.2Commoncentrifugalpumps············································95

6.3Feedwaterpumpunitsandtheirassociateddevices··················100

6.4Verticalpumps························································104

6.5Deepwellpumps·····················································116

6.6Aircoolingandwatercoolingfans···································119

6.7Rotatingfiter·························································121

6.8Vacuumpump························································122

6.9Trialrunofaccessorymachinery·····································123

6.10Projectdocumentstobeprovidedbeforequalityacceptance········219

7Gasturbine······························································132

7.1Requirementsforfoundation········································132

7.2Shimandfixator·····················································132

7.3Soleplateandsupportdevice·········································132

7.4Gasturbine···························································132

7.5Airintakeandexhaustsystems············································136

7.6Secondarygroutingandcuring······································138

7.7Enclosureofgasturbine····················································138

7.8Projectdocumentstobeprovidedbeforequalityacceptance··········138

8Gasturbineaccessorysystems·············································141

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8.1Equipmentsandmoduleerection··········································141

8.2Pipingerectionofaccessorysystems·····································143

8.3Trialrunofaccessorymachinery··········································145

8.4Projectdocumentstobeprovidedbeforequalityacceptance··········147

9Generatorandexcitationdevice·····································149

9.1Generalrequirement··················································149

9.2Bearingseatandbearing·············································153

9.3Stator·································································154

9.4Generatorrotor·······················································158

9.5Statorpositionadjustmentandcoverclosing·························161

9.6Shaftsealingandgascoolingsystemofhydrogen-

cooledandwater-hydrogen-hydrogen-cooledgenerator············163

9.7Waterinlet/outletpedestalsandcooler·······························167

9.8Coolingwatersystem·················································171

9.9Excitationdevice·····················································173

9.10Projectdocumentstobeprovidedbeforequalityacceptance········174

10Control-protectingdeviceandoilsystem·························177

10.1Generalrequirement················································177

10.2Electro-hydrauliccontrolandprotectingdevice·····················180

10.3Steamvalveanditsdrivingadevice································183

10.4Centrifugalmainoilpump··········································188

10.5Controloilsystem···················································190

10.6Lubricatingoilsystem··············································192

10.7Sealingoilsystemofhydrogen-cooledgenerator···················197

10.8Trialrunofoilsystemandoilflushing······························199

10.9Projectdocumentstobeprovidedbeforequalityacceptance······203

11Pipingofsteamturbine············································205

11.1Generalrequirement···············································205

11.2Valvesandspecialparts·············································205

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11.3Installationofpiping················································206

11.4Projectdocumentstobeprovidedbeforequalityacceptance········209

12hoistingequipmentofthemainpowerhouse····················210

12.1Bridgecrane·························································210

12.2Electric(manual)hoist··············································218

12.3Projectdocumentstobeprovidedbeforequalityacceptance········219

13Enclosure,platformladderandcoverofsteamturbine·········221

13.1Enclosureofsteamturbine··········································221

13.2platformladderandcoverofsteamturbine·························221

AppendixARequirementsforconstructionofmortarand

padsforS/Tsoleplate····································223

AppendixBcylindercoating···········································225

AppendixCCommonsealingmaterialtypesandscope

ofapplication··············································226

AppendixDCommongreasetypesandscope

ofapplication··············································228

AppendixEPhysicalperformanceofcommonS/T

boltingmaterials··········································231

AppendixFSagcalculationformulaforcentering

withsteelwire············································232

AppendixGUnitvibrationcriterion··································233

AppendixHOilqualityratingcriterion······························234

Explanationofwordinginthiscode·····································237

Normativestandard························································238

Addition:Explanationofprovisions·····································240

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1总则

1.0.1为了加强汽轮发电机组工程施工技术管理，进一步提高工

程施工质量，修订DL5190.3—2012《电力建设施工技术规范》第

三部分。

1.0.2本部分适用于火力发电厂汽轮发电机组、燃气－蒸汽联合

循环发电机组、单循环燃气发电机组、辅助设备及附属机械的施

工。

1.0.3汽轮发电机组的施工应依据经批准的设计和设备制造厂技

术文件，如需修改或变更，应由设计单位、设备制造厂出具相应

的证明文件，办理相关的审批手续。发电厂土建工程除满足本规

范《电力建设施工技术规范第1部分：土建工程》的规定外，

特殊要求按本部分相关规定执行。

1.0.4汽轮发电机组的施工应按设备订货合同、技术协议及制造

厂有效技术文件的要求执行，如合同协议及制造厂技术文件无明

确要求或要求不全面时，按本部分规定执行。

1.0.5汽轮发电机组的施工，除应符合本部分规定外，还应执行

国家、行业现行有关标准规定。

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2术语

2.0.1椭圆度ellipticity

圆柱形轴或者孔在某一横剖面的不圆度，其数值为该横剖面

最大直径与最小直径之差。

2.0.2不柱度non-cylindricity

圆柱形轴或孔通过轴中心线的轴向剖面上下线与平行线的偏

差。其数值为该轴或孔在轴向剖面上最大与最小直径之差。要求

为正圆柱体的部件，不柱度表示偏离正圆柱要求的程度。

2.0.3锥度taper

圆锥、圆台形状回转面与基准面的倾斜程度。对于圆锥形状

其数值为圆锥基准面直径与圆锥高度的比值，对于圆台形状其数

值为上下直径之差与圆台高度的比值。

2.0.4倾斜度tilt/（坡度）tilt（gradient）

直线或平面与基准线或基准面相交的倾斜程度。其数值为给

定的基准面或线长度内该面或线与基准面或线的最小距离与给定

长度的比值。

2.0.5平面度flatness

实际表面偏离标准平面的程度。其数值用实际平面距离标准

平面最远点的距离值表示。

2.0.6不平行度non-parallelism

两个相互平行的线或面间的不平行的程度。其数值为该二要

素间最大与最小垂直距离之差。

2.0.7不垂直度non-perpendicularity

两条轴线、轴线与平面或两平面之间所形成的角度与标准直

角之差。以单位长度内标准垂直线或面与所测线或面的最小距离

△表示，单位△/m。

2.0.8径向晃度radialrunout

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径向晃度表示测量断面所在的轴表面到轴中心线距离的偏离

程度。用百分表垂直指向被测断面的轴中心线，转子轴颈在支持

面上盘动，被测表面上各点读数的最大与最小值之差，为轴颈在

该截面的径向晃度。

2.0.9端面瓢偏endingrunout

端面瓢偏表示该端面与轴中心线不垂直的程度。在被测端面

接近直径的周边部位，相对180°位置各安放一个垂直于端面的百

分表，盘动转子，两表同时指示的最大差值减去最小差值的1/2

即为端面瓢偏值。

2.0.10大型水泵largepumps

出口公称直径大于400mm的高压离心泵，以及入口公称直

径大于700mm的低压泵。

2.0.11高速水泵high-speedpumps

额定转速高于1500r/min的水泵。

2.0.12可调式汽封adjustablesteamseal

可调式汽封是一种随着启动过程中蒸汽压力的逐渐增大而分

段闭合的汽封。其主要特点：启动时，汽封块张开，使动静部分

达到最大间隙，避免了启动过程中由于振动及变形而导致的碰磨。

随着机组升速加负荷，汽封块端部闭合，使动静间隙减小，以减

少汽封的漏汽量从而提高机组的效率。

2.0.13空冷凝汽器air-cooledcondenser（ACC）

空冷凝汽器简称为ACC，指以空气作为冷却介质，使汽轮机

排汽凝结成水的表面式换热器。

2.0.14相对振动relativevibration

相对振动是指转轴和相应结构（例如轴承座或机壳）之间的

径向位移量的测量值，如无特别说明，本部分中的“轴振动”均

指相对振动。

2.0.15绝对振动absolutevibration

绝对振动是指转轴相对于某一惯性参考系的位移量的测量值。

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2.0.16辅机故障减负荷试验runbacktest

当发生部分主要辅机故障停运，机组最大出力低于给定负荷

时，测试控制系统将机组负荷快速降低到实际所能达到的出力，

并控制机组在允许参数范围内继续运行能力的过程，称为辅机故

障减负荷试验。

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3基本规定

3.1设备开箱检验及保管

3.1.1设备到达现场后，应由建设、制造、监理、总包、施工、

设备保管等相关单位共同开箱查验并记录签证。有缺陷的设备应

按合同约定进行处理。

3.1.2设备开箱检验时，装箱单、说明书、质量证明文件、图纸

等技术文件应齐全。

3.1.3设备装卸和搬运应符合下列规定：

1应按箱上标识部位绑扎吊索及加衬垫物，并防止重心偏

移；

2对刚度较差的设备，应采取措施防止变形；

3应核实设备搬运途中经过的路面、桥梁等承载能力；

4碳钢吊索不得与奥氏体不锈钢材质的设备接触。

3.1.4设备开箱检查应符合下列规定：

1在开箱检查时，应防止损伤和损坏设备及零部件。对装有

精密设备的箱件，应注意对精密设备妥善保护；

2设备防腐涂料未清理前，不得转动和滑动，清理检查后应

用原防腐涂料进行防腐处理；

3需要添加润滑剂等特殊要求的转动设备，开箱检查时不得

盘动；

4设备开箱检查后暂不安装时应重新封闭；露天放置的箱

件，应采取有效的防护措施；

5装箱设备的配件及专用工具应成套保管。

3.1.5设备保管人员应熟悉设备保管规程，汽轮发电机组设备的

特殊保管要求，并做好保管记录。

3.1.6设备安装前保管应符合DL/T855《电力基本建设火电设备

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维护保管规程》的规定。

3.1.7设备和器材应分区、分类存放，标识清晰，并应符合下列

规定：

1存放区域应有明显的区界和消防通道，并具备可靠的消防

设施和有效的照明；

2大件设备的存放位置应根据施工顺序和运输条件，按照施

工组织设计的规定合理布置，以减少二次搬运；

3设备应支垫稳固、可靠，存放场地排水应畅通，并应采取

防撞、防冻、防潮、防尘和防倾倒等措施；

4存放地点和货架应具备足够的承载能力；

5海滨盐雾地区和含有腐蚀性的环境，应采取特殊措施，防

止设备锈蚀；

6仪器、仪表及精密部件应存放在货架上或按要求放置在保

温库内；

7管材、管件和部件应标识明确、分类存放，避免混淆；

8充氮保护的设备，应定期检查记录氮气压力及设备密封情

况。当压力低于3.5kPa时，应及时补充氮气；

9燃气轮机滤芯保管应有防潮措施。

3.1.8随设备提供的材料应有质量证明文件，在核查中对材料质

量有质疑时，应进行复检。

3.1.9外委加工和现场加工配制的成品或半成品，应按本部分的

有关规定进行检验，合格后方可使用。

3.1.10安装就位的设备应加强成品保护，防止设备在安装期间损

伤、锈蚀、冻裂；经过试运行的主要设备，应根据制造厂对设备

的有关要求，制定维护保养措施，经监理审定后，妥善保管。

3.2土建工程

3.2.1汽轮发电机组安装前期，由监理组织土建专业、安装专业

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进行图纸会检。

3.2.2土建施工期间，安装专业应做如下工作：

1施工准备时，对预留孔洞、预埋件、汽轮发电机组基座及

主要附属设备基础等标高、中心线、地脚螺栓孔位置等重要几何尺

寸应进行校核；

2浇灌前，安装单位应参加基座浇灌前的中间核查工作；

3起吊重型设备需要的起吊设施的基础、锚固点及为超负荷

起吊而对建筑结构进行的加固方案，应在土建施工前与设计单位、

监理单位和土建施工单位确定；

4因吊装大型设备而预留的钢结构、基础或墙体，应在土建

施工前由设计单位、监理单位和土建施工单位等有关单位确认。

3.2.3交付安装的土建工程应具备下列条件：

1行车轨道安装完毕，二次灌浆的混凝土已达到设计强度，

并经验收合格；

2主辅设备基础、基座混凝土已达到设计强度的70％以上，

模板已拆除；

3厂房封闭，屋面止水；

4厂房内的各基础纵横中心线、标高标识和基础沉降观测点

清晰、齐全；

5各层平台、通道、梯子、栏杆、踢脚板装设完毕且焊接牢

固，主机周边孔洞有可靠的临时盖板或围栏；

6厂房内的管沟、泵坑、排水沟及集水井等清洁，排水畅通；

7消防设施可靠；

8建筑物和基础上的基准线与基准点标识清晰、齐全。

3.3设备及系统安装

3.3.1设备安装应根据下列技术文件进行：

1制造厂设备质量证明书、说明书、图纸等；

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2专业施工组织设计及作业指导书；

3绿色施工专项措施。

3.3.2施工前，工程技术人员应对施工人员进行技术交底。

3.3.3汽轮发电机组的施工场地应符合下列规定：

1临时放置设备和材料的场地应满足相应载荷要求；

2施工地点环境温度宜保持在5℃以上；

3水、电等力能供应应满足施工需求，照明充足；

4基建施工和生产运行区域的隔离设施应有明显标识；

5起重设备应具备使用条件。

3.3.4设备安装时，建筑物的保护应符合下列规定：

1不得任意变更或损坏建筑物结构；

2禁止在建筑物金属结构上任意施焊、切割；

3不得随意在建筑混凝土结构上锤击、开孔，不得凿开混凝

土保护层在钢筋上焊接、切割。

3.3.5设备安装前，如发现有损坏或质量缺陷，应及时通知有关

单位共同检查确认，并进行处理。

3.3.6设备中的零部件和紧固件安装前应按DL/T438《火力发电

厂金属技术监督规程》和DL/T439《火力发电厂高温紧固件技术

导则》规定进行光谱、无损探伤、金相、硬度等检验，并与制造

厂技术文件要求相符。

3.3.7设备及部件的清理应符合下列规定：

1设备部件内部的杂物、油垢、锈迹应清理干净并及时封闭；

2设备的精密加工面不应用铲刀、锉刀除锈，不得用火焰除

油；

3用蒸汽吹扫的部件应及时去除水分；

4清理轴颈和轴瓦时不得损伤其表面；

5清理后的设备及零部件应分类存放，并防止二次污染。

3.3.8汽轮发电机组施工应符合下列规定：

1设备的解体检查、测量和调整应符合制造厂的技术文件要

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求；

2拆卸设备部套时应做好标记、使用专用工器具，并不得强

行拆装；

3拆下的零部件应妥善保管。

3.3.9隐蔽工程的安装检查应符合下列规定：

1进入隐蔽区域、设备内部清理和检查的人员，应穿无纽扣

的专用工作服，鞋底无铁钉并擦拭干净；

2设备及管道封闭前，应指定专人检查，确认内部无杂物后

办理签证；

3设备及管道的封闭应明显，牢固、可靠；

4不得在已最终封闭的设备或管道上施焊、开孔、拆封。

3.4试运行

3.4.1汽轮发电机及其附属机械、辅助设备试运时现场应具备下

列条件：

1厂区场地平整，道路畅通；

2试运范围内的施工临时设施应拆除并清理干净，现场沟

道、孔洞盖板齐全，临时孔洞应装设护栏或盖板，平台的楼梯、

通道、栏杆及护板应安装完毕；

3消防器材满足试运要求，消防系统具备投用条件，事故排

油系统具备使用条件；

4试运机组范围内的各层地面施工完毕；

5生活用的上下水道畅通，卫生设施能正常使用；

6厂房和厂区的排水系统、工业废水处理系统应正常投用；

7照明系统应正常投用，事故照明系统完整、可靠并处于备

用状态；

8试运时室内温度宜保持5℃以上；

9电话等通信设备安装完毕，应正常投用；

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10与试运有关的空调系统应正常投用。

3.4.2汽轮发电机组及附属机械、辅助设备和系统，在试运前应

具备下列条件：

1设备及系统按规定安装完毕，并验收合格，安装技术记录

齐全；

2设备及管道的保温工作已完成，管道支吊架已调整结束；

3基础混凝土及二次灌浆层达到设计强度；

4操作电源、动力电源、压缩空气气源可靠；

5水位计和油位计标识清晰、显示正确；

6转动机械已按要求加润滑油、脂，油位正常；

7工业水系统具备投用条件且冲洗洁净；

8阀门应逐个检查调整完毕，全行程启闭（停）灵活、开

度准确且无卡涩；

9试运范围内的容器，已按要求清理和冲洗；

10各指示和记录仪表及信号、声光报警装置已装设齐全，

并经校验调整准确；

11试运设备或系统已挂牌并标识清晰，表计指示正确且在

有效期内；

12启动用汽源应充足并稳定，其压力和温度应能符合轴封

供汽、汽动给水泵、除氧器等用汽的要求；

13自动控制部分及精密部套的通风、空调装置应投用；

14试运设备的保护装置已校验合格并投用。

3.4.3汽轮发电机组的分部试运调试措施已批准。

3.4.4汽轮发电机组整套启动前应完成下列工作：

1汽水管道的吹扫和冲洗；

2冷却水系统通水试验和冲洗；

3化学水系统冲洗、充填药剂、调整试运行，并能供给足量

合格的除盐水；

4真空系统严密性检查；

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5除氧器、热交换器、蒸发器、减压装置等的检查调整；

6各附属机械分部试运调整；

7润滑、调节和密封油系统及净化装置试运调整，油质合格；

8调节、保安系统静态整定和试验；

9顶轴装置和盘车装置调整试验，校对大轴晃度指示表；

10抽汽止回阀与传动装置的调整试验；

11汽封系统调整试运行；

12热工、电气有关保护、连锁装置，远方操作装置和电动、

气动、液动阀的调整试验，开、闭、富余行程及开闭时间已作记

录，并投运正常；

13中间再热机组旁路系统的调整试验；

14抽真空试验；

15低压缸喷水试验；

16发电机氢气冷却系统、绕组冷却水系统的冲洗与调整。

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4汽轮机本体

4.1一般规定

4.1.1本章适用于汽轮机本体的台板、轴承座、轴承、汽缸、隔

板、汽封、转子、盘车装置及连通管道等部件的施工。

4.1.2汽轮机本体的设备吊装，除应按第3.1