英国历史文化全面解析

ThecapitalofU.K.andthecapitalofEnglandaswellGreatBritainPortraitofthePeopleFourcountriesmakeuptheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland--England,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland.Residentsofanyofthesecountriesmaybecalled"British."Use"English,""Scot"or"Scotsman,""Welsh"and"Irish"or"NorthernIrish"onlywhencertainofaperson’sheritage.Whilethefourcountriessharemanycustoms,eachhasitsownsetofculturalnuances.I.TheCelticpeoplefromEurope(100AD)II.RomanInvasion(55BC-410AD)III.TheAnglo-SaxonsFromGermany(446-871)IV．VikingandDanishinvasionsV．TheNormanConquest(1066)诺曼征服VI.BritishEmpire.(1400-1946)TheHistoryofGreatBritainNationalEmblem

nationalanthem：“godsavethequeen〞〔如在位的是男性君主，国歌改为“godsavetheking〞〕Nationalflower：RoseNationalbird：红胸鸽(redbreast/robin)TheMonarchyI.TheUnitedKingdomisaconstitutionalmonarchy,theheadofstateisakingoraqueen.

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II.Themonarchactuallyhasnorealpower.Themonarch’spowerarelimitedbylawandParliament.ConstitutionalmonarchybeganaftertheGloriousRevolutionin1688.Buckinghampalace

高帽卫兵

英国老牌车厂罗孚为庆祝ROVER创厂以来的第一个一百年，原厂特地赶造了一批纪念款概念车型ROVER75CoupeConcept，将要限量发行以纪念此百年华诞！上汽支付宝马2170万美元取得Rover商标权劳斯莱斯汽车(Rolls—Royce)

‘劳斯莱斯’成为英国王室专用车已有数十年历史，爱德华八世、女王伊丽莎白二世、玛格丽特公主、肯特公爵等众多英王室成员的座驾都是劳斯莱斯。TheLiteratureofGreatBritain

英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的开展演变过程。在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响，文学内部遵循自身规律，历经盎格鲁—撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。一、中世纪文学〔约5世纪—1485〕二、文艺复兴时期文学〔15世纪后期—17世纪初〕三、17世纪文学四、启蒙时期文学〔17世纪后期—18世纪中期〕五、浪漫主义时期文学〔1798—1832〕六、现实主义时期文学〔19世纪30年代-1918〕七、现代主义文学时期〔1918-1945〕八、当代文学〔1945—〕Beowulf：?贝奥武夫?Itisoneoftheoldest“OldEnglish〞literaryworksinBritishliterature.GeoffreyChaucer(ca.1343-1400)乔叟：oneofthegreatestEnglishpoets"TheCanterburyTales“?坎特伯雷故事集?内容提要：

4月的一天，一群香客去坎特伯雷朝圣，投宿在泰巴旅店。次日，店主、香客与在此住宿的作者一起出发。店主提议在去坎特伯雷的路上每人讲两个故事，回来时再讲两个，被大家公认为最正确的讲故事者可以在回来时白吃一顿丰富的晚餐。WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)FourTragedies:FourComedies:?哈姆莱特?(Hamlet),?奥赛罗?(Othello),?李尔王?(KingLear),?麦克白?(Macbeth,)?威尼斯商人?(TheMerchantofVenice)，?第十二夜?(TwelfthNight〕，?仲夏夜之梦?(AMidsummerNight’sDream)?无事生非?(AsYouLikeIt)又叫<皆大欢喜>.Tobeornottobe--------Thatisaquestion;1Whether’tisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortuneOrtotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,Andbyopposingendthem.简·奥斯丁〔1775年12月6日～1817年7月18日〕，〔Austen，Jane〕<<SenseandSensibility>><<PrideandPrejudice

>><<Emma>>

Mainworks:CharlesDickens，Englishnovlist〔1812-1870〕Mainworks:

<<OliverTwist>><<DavidCopperfield>><<GreatExpectations>><<BleakHouse>><<ATaleofTwoCities>>4.highereducation---onlyoneprivatelyfundeduniversity:

theUniversityofBuckingham

---oldestuniversities:

Oxford(12thC.)andCambridge(13thC.)*thefirstdegree(theBachelor’sdegree)coursesaremainlyfulltimeandlast3years,exceptinScotlandwheretheytake4yearsTheuniversityofOxford英国三个禁忌

不能加塞不能问女士年龄不能砍价BritishHolidaysandFestivals

Christianfestivals---Christmas:thebiggestandthemostpopularBritishholidaycelebratedonDecember25theachyeartocommemoratethebirthofJesusChrist.ThreetypicalBritishtraditionsonChristmasare:theChristmasPantomime,theQueen’sspeech

overthetelevisionandradio,andtheBoxingDay.DecoratingaChristmastreeDecoratingaChristmasTreeBoxingDayisaholidaycelebratedinBritain,Australia,NewZealand,andCanada.atypicalBritishtraditioncelebratedonthedayafterChristmas.ItfallsonDecember26th.

NewStoneAge(Neolithic),3500—2500BCMegalithicmonumentsStonehenge史前巨石阵amonumentalcircularsettingoflargestandingstonessurroundedbyanearthworkinSouthEngland,inWiltshireonSalisburyPlainprobablywasconstructedasaplaceofworshipofsomekindnortheastaxisalignedwiththesunriseatthesummersolstice(夏至)1.2EarlySettlersStonehengeInSearchofHistory00:20—01:38TheRiverThames&Towerbridge泰晤士河&塔桥TowerofLondon伦敦塔ParliamentBuilding&BigBen议会大厦&大本钟TheLondonEyeWestminster–HouseofParliamentTheParliamentBuildingandBigBenViewontheThamesBigBen大本钟BuckinghamPalaceBuckinghamPalaceiswheretheQueenlivesHydeParkHorseGuardParadeinHyde

ParkLifeGuardatPostTheCenterofLondonStockExchangeTelephoneBoothinLondon

RedBusesTheBritishMuseum大英博物馆GreenwichObservatory格林尼治天文台WestminsterAbbeyThisistheveryplacefortheroyalfamilytofortheirweddingceremoniesandfunerals.WindsorCastle温莎堡CambridgeUniversity剑桥大学OxfordUniversity牛津大学HydePark海德公园Stratford-upon-AvonBirthplaceofShakespeare英国议会大厦规模简介大本钟安放在97米高的钟塔上重达14吨，钟盘直径7米，时针长2.75米，分针长4.27米，钟摆305公斤。每走完一小时，都会发出深深而铿锵的报时声，全伦敦城都能听到。英国议会大厦是浪漫主义建筑的典型作品，英国是浪漫主义的发源地，代表做还有伦敦的圣吉尔斯教堂和曼彻斯特市政厅等。

18世纪60年代至19世纪30年代是浪漫主义建筑开展的第一阶段，又称先浪漫主义。出现了中世纪城堡式的府邸，甚至东方式的建筑小品。19世纪30～70年代是浪漫主义建筑的第二阶段，它已开展成为一种建筑创作潮流。由于追求中世纪的哥特式建筑风格，又称为哥特复兴建筑。

浪漫主义建筑TheBigBen

---------SymbolofBritishIntroductionstepsSomepicturesLocationandappearanceTheoriginofthenicknameThesignificancetopopularcultureSymbolismPicturesLocationandAppearance

AtthenorthendofthePalaceofWestminsterinLondon.Diameter:6.7metersWeight:13.5tonsHeight:95metersTheBigBenTheoriginofthenicknameCalled“TheBigBen〞NamedafterSirBenjaminHall

OversawtheinstallationoftheGreatBellThesignificancetopopularcul