当代医学英语

当代医学英语Chapter3TheProgressofMedicalScienceB.Listentothepassage“MedicalAdvances”threetimesandfillineachblankwiththewordorsentencefromtheaudioclip.SectionI.Asking,listeningandwatchingWe'reespeciallyproudofseveraladvancesthatwe'vemade,primarilybecausetheyareadvancesin(1)_________lifebetterforhard-to-reachpopulationssuchastheelderly,children,vulnerablepopulations.Somereallygoodexlesofthose(2)_________theadditionofcopingskillstrainingforteenagerswithdiabetes,whichenablesthemtobetter(3)___________theirdiabeticconditionandyetlivenormal,healthylivesasteenagers.Wehavetestedaprogram(4)____________withinnercityAfrican-Americanmales—ahard-to-reachpopulation,whichhasmakingincludemanagesuccessfullyresultedin(5)__________hypertensioninthatgroup,whichispreferentiallypredisposedtodevelopinghypertension.Wehavealsotestedaprogramwhichisaclinical(6)_______withtheelderlywhohaveheartfailure.Thisisoneofthemostdifficult-to-reachgroupsbecausethe(7)__________rateofre-hospitalizationintheelderlytendstobeforheartfailureorissuesrelatedtoit.Andthisprogramhasresultedina(8)__________inre-hospitalizationfortheelderlyandamuchgreaterqualityoflife—nottomentionthatithassaveda(9)____________amountofmoneyforthehealthcaresystem.reducingtrialhighestdecreaseconsiderableThefuturelooksparticularlybright.Theissuesthatwearedealingwithasa(10)__________arereallyrelatedtothesamekindsofissuesthatwedealwithasaninstitute,andthatwedealwithinthefieldofnursing—issuesoftheagingpopulation,issuesofchronicillness,theissueswherewereallydoshine,inareasforwhich(11)_______________________________________________________.Wehavestudiesthatcanimprovequalityoflifeandaddresstheseissues.So,wereallyareinapositiontobeabletomakelifebetterfortheAmericanpublic.Also,thesocietytherearenocuresandthereareveryfewtreatmentsstudiesthatwefundhavelargebehavioralcomponents,so(12)______________________________________________________.Wehaveareallyexcitingeraofgeneticsandidentifyinggenesforavarietyofdisorders.Mostdisorders,itturnsout,arecomplexdisorders.Soitreallyisn'tassimpleasidentifyingthegeneandfixingitandcuringtheperson.Therearemanyotherissuesinvolvedandmanyofthesearerelatedtobehaviors—healthyorunhealthybehaviorssuchassmoking,weightcontrol,diet,thingsofthatwe'reabletoaddresssuchissuesaschanginglifestylesthingsofthatsort.So,nursingscienceisverygoodatidentifyingpeopleatriskand(13)___________________________________________________________________________.beingabletotestoutinterventionssuccessfullyforchangingthosepatternsC.Listentothepassage“ADeeperUnderstandingofCholeraEpidemics”twiceandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.1.Deathduetocholeracanoccurwithin24hoursprimarilybecause_________.

A.thebacteriacausedestructivemassivefluidlossintheintestineB.ahumanenvironmentmatchesbestwiththebacterialproductionC.thebacterialcellsareexplosivelyproductiveinwaterenvironmentD.ahumanisexposedtothebacteriathroughcontaminatedwater2.Whendidthefirstwell-describedcholeraepidemicoccur?A.In1854.B.In1833.C.In1817.D.In1871.3.Acenturyandahalfagopeoplecouldnot__________.A.describethephysicalmanifestationsofcholeraB.tracktheprogressofcholeraasitravagedapopulationC.comeupwithanymedicaltheoryaboutcholeraD.understandwhatcausedcholeraorhowtopreventit.4.KeymeasurestopreventcholeraincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT__________.A.sanitarysystemsB.identificationofcholeraC.investmentsinsafewaterD.publichealthsurveillance5.Choleraepidemicscontinuetooccurbecause__________.A.humanslacksafewatersupplyB.choleracannotbetotallyavoidedC.humaninfrastructurefailsD.preventingmeasuresareineffective

1.A2.C3.D4.B5.C

D.Watchavideoclip“UniversalFluVaccine”twiceanddecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrue(T)orfalse(F).1.Weneedaflushoteveryyearbecauseofflustrainschangeeverytime.2.Fiveyearsago,mostofusexpectedauniversalfluvaccine.3.Researchersaretryingtodevelopavaccinetostopbirdflufrombecomingaglobalepidemic.4.Itisabigchallengetoconstantlychaseafterthevirus.5.Researchersareresearchinghowtochangetheshapeofviralproteinsinordertolockontoahumancell.6.Researchershavefiguredoutwhichviralproteinscantriggerlifelongimmunity.7.Researchershaveeventuallydevelopedavaccineagainstalltypesofflu._T__F__T__T__T__F__F_

SectionIIThemeReading

Readanddiscuss“SoManyAdvancesinMedicine,SoManyYettoCome",focusingonthefollowingquestions.1.WhatdidEisenhower’scareshow?2.Whatdidtheauthorlearnwhenheenteredmedicalschool?3.What,accordingtotheauthor,hasbroughtaboutthegreatestchangesinmedicine?4.Whatnewchallengesismedicinefacedwith?5.Whathasledtoalongerlifespan?6.Howcanchildrenbeprotectedagainstsomeinfections?7.WhyweredoctorsunpreparedwhenAIDScamealongin1981?8.WhycouldtheoutbreakofSARSbestoppedin2003?9.Why,accordingtotheauthor,shouldn’twesnickeratEisenhower’streatment?ReadingComprehension

Completethefollowingunfinishedstatementsorgiveashortanswertothequestioninnomorethansixwords.1.ThetreatmentofEisenhower’sheartattackin1955showsthatdoctorscould__________________________atthattime.2.Whentheauthorenteredmedicalschool,hewastaughtthatmedicinewouldbe______________________________________.3.Thegreatestchangesinmedicineandourunderstandingofdiseaseare_______________________________.dolittleforheartattacksalifetimeoflearningattributabletotechnology4.Otherdevelopmentslike__________________________________andbetterorganizationofsomeserviceshavealsocontributedtothecareformanyailments.5.Innotimeofearlierhistoryhasmedicineadvancedmorethan_____________________.6.Increaseinlifeexpectancyisoneofthegains______________________________________.7.Theinvitrofertilizationtechniqueintroducedin1978hasresultedinthebirthof______________________________.betternursingcare,newerantibioticssinceWorldWarIIbroughtaboutbymedicaladvancesamilliontesttubebabies8.Newlyemergingdiseasessuchas__________________showitisasortofhubristosaythatalldiseaseswereknown.9.Thecausesofmostailmentsaswellastheprecisebiologicalmechanismsofbasiclifeeventsstill____________________________.10.Althoughdoctorshavelearnedalotaboutdiseasesinthelasthalf-century,farmorediseasesneedto________________________.AIDSandSARSremaintobeknownbetreatedmoreeffectivelyExtensionReadingMedicine'sProgress,OneSetbackataTime1.Whatthedeansaidtonewmedicalstudentsmeansthathalfofwhattheylearninmedicineisunbelievable.2.Medicineisdevelopingsofastthatdoctorsandresidentsfindithardtokeepupwithmedicalprogress.3.Newknowledgefromresearchleadsdoctorstochangewhattheydointreatingpatients.4.Theuseofbetablockersisanexleofwhatwasconsideredagoodtherapeuticoptionisactuallyaworseone._F_NG__T__F_

5.Americanresearchersspentlessthaneightyearstestingtheeffectsofbetablockersonpatientswithheartfailure.6.Randomizedcontrolledtrialwasasortofscientificexaminationwhichcameintowidespreaduseuntilthe1970’s.7.Thankstothecomputertechnology,doctorscanpractice“evidence-basedmedicine.8.Progressismadeinmedicineinthewayoldideasmakeroomfornewknowledge.NG__F__T__T_

9.Thepatientwhocametotheauthor’sofficehadbeenstayinginthehospitalforaweekforanirregularheartbeat.10.Thepatientwasconvincedthatitwasbestchoicetokeephisheartinaregularrhythmwithouttakinganymedicine.NG__F_ExtensionReadingPayingHomagetotheWisdomofVoicesfromMedicine'sPastA.ItisreallyimportanttolayemphasisonreadingaboutthesubjectivefeelingsofthepatientsB.Tenyearslater,thedamagedvalvebecameinfected,andwasslowlydestroyedC.And1966effectivelybecameYear1ofmedicineD.Thediarywouldaffordreaderstheuniqueexperienceofhearingwhatillnessfeltlike_D_1_B_2_I_3_G_4E.ButthepeopleatthenationallibraryhaveadifferentopinionF.Buthecouldbarelysitstillforthepain.G.Itwasalsoastorythat,foratime,nomedicalstudentwaslikelyevertoreadagainH.Perhapstheanswerdependsonone'sdefinitionof"practicalimportance"I.Aclumpblockedamajorbloodvesselinthebrain,causingastroke_C_5_E_6_H_7_F_8FurtherTopicsforDiscussionandOralPresentation1.Inwhatsenseismedicinesaidtobealifetimeoflearning?2. Whatcausesmedicalsciencetobeinthemidstofamajorgrowthspurt?3. Whyisitthatsomeonce-effectivetherapieshavelosttheirstandingwhilecertaintechniquesdiscardedlongagocanserveanewpurpose?4. Ourbodyofknowledgeisgrowingrapidlyandchangingconstantly.Whatdoesitmeantomedicalprofessionals?5. Whyiscomputer-literacyanessentialskillneededbyphysicianstoday?

LanguagePracticeA.Matcheachwordinthegridwithitsdefinition,meaningdescriptionorsynonym.1.Ofsecondaryimportance;providingsupportorhelp;auxiliary;additional2.Asuddenlossofbrainfunctioncausedbyablockageorruptureofabloodvesseltothebrain3.EpidemicoverawidegeographicareaandaffectingalargeproportionofthepopulationA.pandemicB.mumpsC.measlesD.hepatitisE.arthritisF.strokeG.bleedingH.plateletI.ailmentJ.transfusionK.diagnosticL.ancillaryM.coronavirusN.immunizationO.panorama_L__F__A_4.Theescapeofblood,asfromaninjuredvessel;hemorrhage5.AnacuteinflammatorycontagiousdiseasecausedbyaparamyxovirusandcharacterizedbyswellingofthesalivaryglandsA.pandemicB.mumpsC.measlesD.hepatitisE.arthritisF.strokeG.bleedingH.plateletI.ailmentJ.transfusionK.diagnosticL.ancillaryM.coronavirusN.immunizationO.panorama_G__B_6.Inflammationofjointsduetoinfectiousorconstitutionalcauses7.Thetransferofbloodoracomponentofbloodfromonepersontoanothertoreplacelossescausedbyinjury,surgery,ordisease8.Of,relatingto,orusedindiagnosisA.pandemicB.mumpsC.measlesD.hepatitisE.arthritisF.strokeG.bleedingH.plateletI.ailmentJ.transfusionK.diagnosticL.ancillaryM.coronavirusN.immunizationO.panorama_E__J__K_9.Anacutecontagiousviraldiseaseusuallyoccurringinchildhoodandcharacterizedbyeruptionofredspotsontheskinandfever10.AdiseaseorconditionmarkedbyinflammationoftheliverA.pandemicB.mumpsC.measlesD.hepatitisE.arthritisF.strokeG.bleedingH.plateletI.ailmentJ.transfusionK.diagnosticL.ancillaryM.coronavirusN.immunizationO.panorama_C__D_11.Anyofvarioussingle-stranded,RNA-containingvirusesthatcauserespiratoryinfectioninhumansandresembleacrownwhenviewedunderanelectronmicroscope12.Anunbrokenviewofanentiresurroundingarea;apictureorseriesofpicturesrepresentingacontinuoussceneA.pandemicB.mumpsC.measlesD.hepatitisE.arthritisF.strokeG.bleedingH.plateletI.ailmentJ.transfusionK.diagnosticL.ancillaryM.coronavirusN.immunizationO.panorama_M__O_13.Anyofthenumeroussmall,roundcellfragmentsfoundinthebloodofmammalsthatfunctionintheclottingofblood14.Avaccinationthatinducesimmunity;theprocessofinducingimmunitytoaninfectiousorganismoragentinanindividualthroughvaccination.A.pandemicB.mumpsC.measlesD.hepatitisE.arthritisF.strokeG.bleedingH.plateletI.ailmentJ.transfusionK.diagnosticL.ancillaryM.coronavirusN.immunizationO.panorama_H__N_15.Aphysicalormentaldisorder,especiallyamildillnessA.pandemicB.mumpsC.measlesD.hepatitisE.arthritisF.strokeG.bleedingH.plateletI.ailmentJ.transfusionK.diagnosticL.ancillaryM.coronavirusN.immunizationO.panorama_I_B.Fillintheblankofthefollowingsentenceswithasuitablewordinthegrid,changingitsformifnecessary.1.Fromthehotelrooftouristscanenjoya___________ofthewholecity.2.Itwasacoldhouse;thechildren__________uptotheirmothertogetwarm.3.Sheisalwaysill,alwayshassomelittle_________botheringher.snickersnuggleinjectconfineimmunizationailmentpanoramaancillaryinsertionstrokediagnosticpandemicpanoramasnuggledailment4.Attheweddingceremony,someguestswere___________atthebridewhowasratherlargeanddressedinatightpalepinkdress.5.Olderpeopleareadvisedto__________againstfluinwinter.6.Scientistshopethatthe__________ofnormalgenesintothediseasedcellswillprovideacure.snickersnuggleinjectconfineimmunizationailmentpanoramaancillaryinsertionstrokediagnosticpandemicsniggering beinjectedinsertion 7.TheCentersforDiseaseControlhasrecommendedan____________schedulethatincludesvaccinesagainstchickenpox,measlesandmumps.8.Theelderlywomansuffereda_________whichleftherunabletospeakandmove.snickersnuggleinjectconfineimmunizationailmentpanoramaancillaryinsertionstrokediagnosticpandemicimmunizationstroke9.Byclosingtheinfectedfarmsthey'rehopingto__________thediseasetothenorthoftheregion10.BeginninginSeptember1918,anunusuallydeadlyinfluenza___________sweptacrosstheUnitedStates.snickersnuggleinjectconfineimmunizationailmentpanoramaancillaryinsertionstrokediagnosticpandemicconfinepandemicC.CompleteeachofthefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseintoEnglish,usingthewordsandphrasesinthegrid.1._________________________________________________(回顾过去半个世纪里的医学进步),wecannowunderstandmedicineisanevolvinganddynamicscience.2.Quiteafewpeoplethinkthatthedesireformoneyis___________________________________________(世界上许多暴力的起因).stresstheimportanceofatthebottomofbeignorantaboutreflectonwitnessforalllookbacksophisticatedbeconfinedtoaccountfordeprive…ofLookingbackontheprogressinthepasthalfcenturyatthebottomofmuchoftheworld’sviolence3.Thefactthatmanyteenagers________________________________________________________(对吸烟有害作用令人惊讶地无知)isstillacauseforconcern.4.Noonecanfunctionproperlyifthey_____________________________(得不到足够的睡眠).stresstheimportanceofatthebottomofbeignorantaboutreflectonwitnessforalllookbacksophisticatedbeconfinedtoaccountfordeprive…ofaresurprisinglyignorantaboutharmfuleffectsofsmokingaredeprivedofadequatesleep5.Thepastthirtyyears___________________________________(见证了巨大的变化)throughoutthecountry.6.Mikehadachanceto___________________________________________(思考过去几周的事件)ashelayinhospital.stresstheimportanceofatthebottomofbeignorantaboutreflectonwitnessforalllookbacksophisticatedbeconfinedtoaccountfordeprive…ofhavewitnessedenormouschangesreflectontheeventsofthepastfewweeks7.Itisnowknownthattheillness_______________________________(不限于任何群体)insociety.8.Operationsofthistypeoften________________________________________________(涉及使用高尖端设备).stresstheimportanceofatthebottomofbeignorantaboutreflectonwitnessforalllookbacksophisticatedbeconfinedtoaccountfordeprive…ofisnotconfinedtoany