高中名词性从句分类详解自己上课使用练习搭配省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖课件

语法—名词性从句nounclause1/61英语句子种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)英语句子概论2/61简单句五种基本句型Theweatherisverycold.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语Helaughed.主语+谓语（vi.）Ilike

Chinesefood.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语Shetaught

them

physics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语

3/61并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.

IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit.

Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidn’tlikeit.Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidn’tlikeit.并列句并列句惯用并列连词:

平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…norbut,however,while,yet,or,either…orfor,so4/61复合句:主句+从句名词性从句定语从句状语从句1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome

定语从句

状语从句3.Iknow(that)heisfromAmerica(宾语从句）名词性从句---5/61NounClauses(名词性从句)SubjectClause(主语从句)AppositiveClause（同位语从句）ObjectClause（宾语从句）PredicativeClause（表语从句）6/61名词性从句在功效上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。主语

{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

{7/61宾语Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefact

thatheisateacher.8/61Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语从句宾语从句表语从句

名词性从句作用相当于名词，所以主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句主语、表语、宾语和同位语。同位语从句9/61ObjectClauses

宾语从句10/61

Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语

主句（复合句）句子做宾语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句。11/61ConjunctionsofNounClauses(引导名词性从句关联词):隶属连词(不作成份）连接代词（作成份）连接副词（作状语）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,ifwhen,where,how,why12/61一、连词（引导词）1.that1.当宾语从句是由陈说句转变而来时（包含必定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成份，也没有任何详细意思，所以在口语或非正式文体中常省略。LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.

2.宾语从句中连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语宾语从句。Everyoneknewwhathappenedand

thatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.13/613.在主句为动词be加一些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟省略that从句也可算是宾语从句。I’msorry

(that)

Idon’tknow.We’resure

(that)

ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid

(that)

hewon’tpasstheexam.14/61当宾语从句是由普通疑问句变来时时，由连词whether或if引导，“是否”，不能省略。(1).Lilywantedtoknow___

hergrandmalikedthehandbag.(2).Let’ssee____

wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.(3).Sheaskedme---------

shecouldborrowthesebooks.注意whether和if使用区分:1).whether和if都能够引导宾语从句a.当有ornot时就用whether,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后面宾语从句不能用if.

IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.c.复合不定式只能用whether.Telluswhethertogoorstayhere.2.whether//ifif/whetherif/whetherif/whether15/61Practicetimeif/whether

1.Iaskedher____________shehadabike.

2.We’reworriedabout_________heissafe.

3.Idon’tknow_________heiswellornot.

4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

5.Idon’tknow__________Ishouldgo.

if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if_______togo.whetherwhether/if16/613.当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转变而来时，由疑问词（what,who,whom,which,whose

when,where,how,why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定句子成份，含有一定意义，所以不能够省略。Doyouknow-----hesaidjustnow?Idon’tremember-------wearrived.Iaskedhim------

Icouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellme-------wehavetosee.Doyouknow-------

timetheplaneleaves?whatwhenwherewho\whomwhat17/61二、时态1.假如主句是现在时态（包含普通现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句时态可依据实际情况而定，（包含普通现在时，普通过去时，普通未来时，现在完成时等）。Iknowhe_---here.(live)Iknowhe-----heretenyearsago.(live)Ihaveheardthathe-------------tomorrow.(come)2.假如主句是过去时态（包含普通过去时，过去进行时），那么从句时态一定要用相对应过去某种时态（包含普通过去时，过去进行时，过去未来时，过去完成时）Iknewwho---------here.(live)Isawshe_------------hermother.(talk)Heaskedwhetherhisfather_________________tomorrow.(comeback)Hesaidthathe____________it.(see)3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用普通现在时。Theteachersaidthattheearth----------aroundthesun.（travel）liveslivedwillcometravelslivedwastalkingwithwouldcomebackhadseen18/61三、语序宾语从句语序用陈说语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其它成份。1.Idon’tknowwhatisthematter\thetrouble\wrongwithhim.2.Idon’tknowwhodidit.3.Idon’tknowwhoishe1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?1Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.2Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.

2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?1Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.2Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.√√×√√19/61Wethoughtit

strange

thatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.2.Hehasmadeit

clear

thathewillnotgivein.注意：

it常能够放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语,真正宾语-that从句则放在句尾.*________________________(我们以为很奇怪)shedidn’tgotoschooltoday.Wethinkit

strange

that20/615.在第一人称I,we与动词think,expect, believe,guess,suppose等连用，后接 宾语从句时，通常将从句否定转移 到主句谓语动词，形成否定前移。 如：Idon’tsupposeyou’reusedtothisdiet.21/616.一些含有假设、猜测、提议等意思 动词后面宾语从句要用“should+动 词原形”结构,should能够省略。这类 动词有:advise,arrange,command, demand,desire,insist,order,propose, require,request,suggest等。如： Isuggestedthathe(should) studyharder.22/61PredicativeClauses

表语从句23/61隶属连词(不作成份）连接代词（作成份）连接副词（作状语）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,asif/asthoughwhen,where,how,why,because表语从句是在复合句中作表语名词性从句,放在系动词之后,普通结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。能够接表语从句系动词有be,look,remain,seem等表语从句Thequestionis_____wecanrelyonhim.That’s_____wewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helooked____hewasgoingtocry.That’s_____Iwaslate.whetherbecauseasifwhy24/61注意：在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“if”。普通情况下，“that”不能省。Itis/wasbecause….Itis/waswhy….3.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….4Thereasonisbecause/why…that….25/611.That’s___thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis___heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis___theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger___shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when26/61SubjectClauses

主语从句27/61ConjunctionsofNounClauses(引导名词性从句关联词):隶属连词(不作成份）连接代词（作成份）连接副词（作状语）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,when,where,how,why28/611.————————————iscertain.（我们将迟到了）2.________________________isknowntoall.(地球是圆)3.________________________isapity(你错过了这次机会)

ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance二whether是否，表不确定事情.引导词Thatweshallbelate————————hurtshimsomuch.（她离开他）一.that

_---只起引导作用，不充当成份，但不能省略。没有意义

。1).Thatshelefthim__________________________isnoteasytosay(他是否会来这）2)Whetherhewillcomehere(Ifhewillcomehere...)×3)_____________ismorepractice.(我们所需要）what在从句中作主语。4）————————————————isunderdiscussion.When在从句中作状语WhatweneedWhenwewillbeginthemeeting“if”不能引导主语从句三。其它疑问词29/61注意一:主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正主语.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--

Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.这么就组成了下面一些惯用句型:

Itis+adj/nthat……(strange/apity…)Itis+v–edthat…..(…said/reported….由连词whether,连接代词what,who,which和连接副词when,where,why,how等引导,也经常后置:30/61Whowilldoit____beendecided(have/has)Whatheneeds__thatbook.Whatheneeds__somebooks.√isare注意三：What与that引导主语从句what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成份,如主语,宾语,表语,而that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用。.(1)_____yousaidyesterdayisright.(2)_____sheisstillaliveisapuzzleWhatThat注意：主语从句中，谓语动词普通用单数注意二What引导主语从句，可依据表语决定31/61【常见错误展示】以下各句都有一处错误，请更正并分析错误原因。1.Lighttravelsfasterthansoundiscommonknowledge.Thatthat虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。32/61if,whether都可表示“是否”,但if不能引导位于主句之前主语从句，它能够引导位于主句之后带有形式主语it主语从句。2.Ifshe’scomingornotdoesn’tmattermuch.Whether33/613.Thattheprofessorsaidisofgreatimportance.4.Wherewillthetreesbeplantedhas notbeendecided.Whatthat引导主语从句时无词义。Whattheprofessorsaid表示“教授所说”。将will置于trees之后。主语从句要用陈说句语序。34/615.Nomatterwhobreakstherulewill bepunished.6.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbe heldstillremainaquestion.引导让步状语从句时二者可交换，但引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。Whoever主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。remains35/617.Whatwereyourproblemsayear agohasnowbecomemine.8.Itwasrequestedthateveryonemadeaspeechatthemeeting.has要改为have。主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语要用复数形式。have在“Itisrequested/ordered/suggested+that从句”中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。(should)make36/61___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.

A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How2.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere3.___isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry____theFirstWorld.Which;belongtob.As,belongedtoc.What;belongingtod.It;belongingto37/614.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit___herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave38/61appositiveClauses

同位语从句39/61同位语从句1.跟在一些名词后面，对该名词作深入解释说明。惯用名词有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion等。Suggestion,suggestorderdemandwish等2.惯用连词：that;when,where,why,howe.g.1.消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他军队。

WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcomeandinspecthisgrandarmy.

It’sthequestionhowhedidit.3同位语从句多用that引导，无意义，不可省。2.问题是他怎样做这件事4.在havenoidea之后用wh-引导同位语从句Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.40/611.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._____________________________________________________

Thefact

that

twothirdsofallgirlsareonadiet

worriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.41/614.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.____________________________________________________ManyBritishparentsholdtheview

that

teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.____________________________Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea

that

timetravelispossible.______________________________________________________Thesuggestion

that

Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.42/611.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpected.2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.定语从句同位语从句3.连词that在同位语从句中不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当宾语时能够省略。区分that引导同位语从句和定语从句：1.引导同位语连词that在句中不作任何句子成份，而在定语从句中，that充当能够是从句主语或宾语等2.同位语从句是对前面名词内容详细说明，而定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰，解释为“….”3.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.1.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.

2.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue同位语从句定语从句同位语从句43/61学习名词性从句应注意几个问题:一.引导词1.what与thatthat在名词性从句中不作句子成份，只起连接作用，除在宾语从句中外普通不可省略;而what在名词性从句中不但起连接作用,而且作句子成份，如主语、宾语、表语、定语等，能够表示“…话（东西、人、时间、地点、速度”等内容。考例1：______hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.（上海卷39题）A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.Where44/612.whether与if区分whether与if当“是否”讲时，在引导宾语从句（不过介词后面宾语从句;后面跟ornot连用;后紧跟动词不定式todo时除外）二者能够交换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时通常只能用whether,而不能用if。考例4:Wehaven’tsettledthequestionof______________itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.（江苏卷第35题）A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that45/613.what,who,which等疑问词与“疑问词+ever”考例6:

makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.（辽宁卷第30题）A.What B.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoeverwhoever引导名词性从句时相当于anyonewho/thosewho，表示“不论谁”；而who表示“谁”。whatever引导名词性从句时相当于anythingthat，表示“不论什么”，而what表示“…话（东西、人、时间、地点、速度等）”。小结：46/61二.语序问题WhateverIhavedoneisonlyforyou.Ididn’tknowwhatwasthematterwithher.Idon’tthinkyouareright.Whodoyousuggest(should)besentthere?三.时态在动词suggest,insist,order,advise,require等后宾语从句中，谓语用虚拟语气.Theteachersuggestwe(should)carryouttheexperimentintime.Iinsistthatyou(should)bethereontime.47/612.在advice,suggestion,order等名词后表语从句或同位语从句中谓语也用虚拟语气Hisadviceisthatwe(should)gotothecinematonight.Theorderthatthework(should)bestartedatoncehasbeengiven.3.时态一致标准Theteachertoldusthatlight___________fasterthansound.(travel)翻译：父亲许诺假如我经过考试他将给我买俩车。travelsFathermadeapromisethatifIpassedtheexamhewouldbuyacarforme.48/61四.主谓一致问题1.Whathesaid__________true.2.WhatIbought_____threeEnglishbooks3.Whenandwherehewasborn______notbeenfoundout.4.Whenhewasbornandwherehewasborn____notbeenfoundout.5.Whereandwhentoholdthemeeting_______beendecided.isarehashave在含有一个主语从句主从复合句中，主句谓语动词普通用单数形式。在关系代词what引导主语从句后，谓语动词数要依据句意而定。hasn’t小结：49/61五.it充当形式主语或形式宾语1.________isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage．(95’)A．ThereB．ThisC．ThatD．It2.I’llmakeknowntoallthatyouwerenothonest.

∧it50/61六，一些固定搭配或句型Idoubtwhether…/Idon’tdoubtthat…2.Thereisnodoubtthat…Thereisnochance/possibilitythat…Itisnowonderthat…3.Thereason…isthat…ThereasonwhyIwaslateisthatImissedthetrain.4.I’msurethat…I’mnotsurewhether…whether,if以及that引导名词性从句区分是:当“是否”讲时，whether与if引导名词性从句含有疑问意义；而that引导名词性从句表示必定意义。

小结：51/61Correctornot?*Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaven’tbeenknownyet.…………….beheldhasn’tbeenknownyet.×Payattention:主语从句谓语用单数形式

105