Unit1-A市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

Unit1《21世纪大学英语应用型综合教程II》21stCenturyCollegeEnglish–forInteractivePurposes:Book2FoodandHealth1/151Starter1PartA2PartB3PartC4Unit1:FoodandHealth2/151Directions:Putthewords/expressionsintheboxintothecorrectcategories.CheckUnit1:Starteranti-bioticsmorehealthypoultryfoodadditivesmeatmorenutritioussyntheticpesticides(合成农药)vegetableslesscontaminatedgrowthhormone(生长激素)dairygeneticallymodifiedorganismschemicalfertilizereggssaferdrinks3/151

Words/expressionsforthingsthatarenotincludedinorganicfood:Words/expressionsforpossibleadvantagesoforganicfood:Words/expressionsfordifferentkindsoforganicfood:Directions:Putthewords/expressionsintheboxintothecorrectcategories.meat;poultry;eggs;dairy;vegetablesanti-biotics;growthhormone;syntheticpesticides;chemicalfertilizer;geneticallymodifiedorganisms;foodadditivesmorenutritious;lesscontaminated;morehealthy;saferUnit1:Starter4/151Theme-relatedInformationWarm-upTextAExercisesReviewofTextAPartA

EatingFoodThat’sBetterforYou,OrganicorNot5/151Vocabulary

KnowledgeaboutFoodUnit1:Theme-relatedInformationFoodPyramidHealthyFoodJunkFoodSongappreciation

6/151Unit1:Theme-relatedInformationsocietyacceptabledailyintake(ADI)appetitedietary

historyeating

outfood

grain

other

than

wheat

and

ricefood

hygiene

lawmalnutritionmetabolismnutrientobesityvitaminDirections:Enrichyourvocabulary.每人每日允许摄入量维生素食欲饮食习惯出外用膳杂粮食品卫生法代谢营养不良营养素肥胖7/151Unit1:Theme-relatedInformationThisisthe

foodpyramid.Ithelpsusknowhowtoeatright.Eatingrighthelpsusstayhealthy.Thereare6foodgroupsinthepyramid.

Thefivemainfoodgroupsaregrains,fruits,vegetables,protein,andmilk.Weshouldeatfoodsfromeachofthesegroupseveryday.The

sixthfoodgroupisfatsandsweets.Thesefoodstastegood,buttheyarenotgoodforus.Weshouldeatlessofthem.8/151Unit1:Theme-relatedInformation10HealthyFood

GarlicGreenTeaSpinachSalmonBroccoliRedWineTomatoesNutsOatsBlueberriesDirections:Knowmoreaboutthehealthyfood.9/151Unit1:Theme-relatedInformation10JunkFood

CarbonateddrinkFriedFoodIndustrialFoodPickledFoodBiscuitsInstantnoodlesCannedFoodPreservedFruitIceCreamBarbequeDirections:Knowmoreaboutthejunkfood.10/151Unit1:Theme-relatedInformationDirections:EnjoytheSong.YourloveislikegreasyfriednoodlesInstantlygratifying-makesmewanttocomebackformoreYoufillmeupandI'mhungryanhourlaterGottohaveanotherserving-givemeasweetencoreComeonoverforsomebarbequedporkIwanttogetyouonmyforkandthenI'mgonnaswallowyouwholeWanttobasteyouonbothsidesgetyouniceandtenderWantyoutomeltinmymouth-givemeasensoryoverloadRingthedinnerbell,I'mstarvingtodeathRingthedinnerbell,I'mstarvingtodeathSometimesyou'realittlelikeshakeandbakechickenAlittlehardontheoutsidebutsosoftwithinIfeeljustlikeapigwithyourjuicerunningdownmychinRingthedinnerbell,I'mstarvingtodeathRingthedinnerbell,I'mstarvingtodeathFordesserthowaboutanicepieceofyourcherrypieWithsomewhippedcreamonit,thatwouldtastesounrealAfterwe'redoneIseeyousuckingonacigaretteYouknowthere'snothinglikeasmokeafteragoodheartymealRingthedinnerbell,I'mstarvingtodeathRingthedinnerbell,I'mstarvingtodeathFoodByPursuitofHappinessFromOne-sidedStory11/151VideoWatchingVideo-basedTasksUnit1:WarmupTask1:BlankFillingTask2:Discussion12/151Directions:

Watchthevideoclipanddotheexercises.BlankFillingDiscussionUnit1:Warmup13/151Directions:Watchthevideoclipandfillintheblankswiththewordsorexpressionsyou’veheard.

Underfederallaw,foodsandvegetablescanbe___1___organiciftheygrowwithoutconventionalpesticidesorpetroleum-basedfertilizers(有机肥料).Asaresult,organicfoodscontainfewer___2___residues.Butitisunclearwhetherthisreallymakesthefoodmorehealthfulsincepesticidelevelsinregularproduceshavenotbeen___3___toposeahealthy___4___tohumans.Anotherclaimisthatorganicproduceismorenutritiousthantheconventionalkind.The___5___forthisismixedwithmoststudiesfindingnoadvantagefororganic.Thenthereisa___6___thatorganicproduceislesslikelytobe___7___bybacterialikeE.coli(大肠(杆)菌).Inthiscase,theanswerisclear—nottrue.Whataboutmeatanddiaryproductslabeledorganic?Thismeanstheycamefromanimalsthatwerenotgivengrowthhormonesoranti-biotics.ThoughsomeCheckUnit1:Warmup[Whydopeoplepreferorganicfoodtoconventionalfood?Isitmorehealthy,lesscontaminated,moredeliciousornutritious?Watchthisvideoandfindouttheanswers.]researcherssuggestthathormonesinfoodcouldbe___8___tocertaincancersandearlypuberty(青春期),itisamatterofscientific___9___.There’sgreateragreementthatanti-bioticsinthefoodsupplymayhelpspawnso-called“superbugs”(超级病菌)and___10___usinaresistancetreatment.14/151Unit1:WarmupUnderfederallaw,foodsandvegetablescanbe1.

______organiciftheygrowwithoutconventionalpesticidesorpetroleum-basedfertilizers(有机肥料).Asaresult,organicfoodscontainfewer2._______residues.Butitisunclearwhetherthisreallymakesthefoodmorehealthfulsincepesticidelevelsinregularproduceshavenotbeen3.______toposeahealthy4.___tohumans.Anotherclaimisthatorganicproduceismorenutritiousthantheconventionalkind.The5._______forthisismixedwithmoststudiesfindingnoadvantagefororganic.Thenthereisa6._____thatorganicproduceislesslikelytobe7.___________bybacterialikeE.coli(大肠(杆)菌).Inthiscase,theanswerisclear—nottrue.labeledchemicalprovenriskevidencenotioncontaminated15/151Unit1:WarmupWhataboutmeatanddiaryproductslabeledorganic?Thismeanstheycamefromanimalsthatwerenotgivengrowthhormonesoranti-biotics.Thoughsome

researcherssuggestthathormonesinfoodcouldbe8.__________tocertaincancersandearlypuberty(青春期),itisamatterofscientific9.______.There’sgreateragreementthatanti-bioticsinthefoodsupplymayhelpspawnso-called“superbugs”(超级病菌)and10._____usinaresistancetreatment.contributingdebateaffect16/151Directions:Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.Unit1:Warmup1.Howdidyoufeelonthefirstdayatcollege?(Cues:excited,lonely,farawayfrom,miss,free,onone’sown)2.Whatdifferencesaretherebetweencollegelifeandhighschoollife?(Cues:structure,remindof,counton,schedule)3.Whatisyourdailyscheduleincollege?(Cues:wakeup,breakfast,lecture,break,practice)Whywouldpeopleratherpayextramoneyfororganicfood?

Isorganicfarminglessdamagingtoourenvironment?Why?(Cues)(Cues)Cues:

chemicals;

non-organicallyproducedfood;

residue;

pesticide;

fertilizerCues:

damaging;

release;ecosystem;

energy;

wasteCheckDirections:Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.

17/151Directions:Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.Unit1:Warmup1.Howdidyoufeelonthefirstdayatcollege?(Cues:excited,lonely,farawayfrom,miss,free,onone’sown)2.Whatdifferencesaretherebetweencollegelifeandhighschoollife?(Cues:structure,remindof,counton,schedule)3.Whatisyourdailyscheduleincollege?(Cues:wakeup,breakfast,lecture,break,practice)Whywouldpeopleratherpayextramoneyfororganicfood?SuggestedAnswers

Manypeoplejustdon’ttrustthosechemicalsanddon’twanttoputthemintotheirbodies.Sincevirtuallyallnon-organicallyproducedfoodscontainresiduesofpesticides,fertilizersandotherchemicals,theonlywaytoavoidthemistobuyorganicfoods.SuggestedAnswers18/151Directions:Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.Unit1:Warmup1.Howdidyoufeelonthefirstdayatcollege?(Cues:excited,lonely,farawayfrom,miss,free,onone’sown)2.Whatdifferencesaretherebetweencollegelifeandhighschoollife?(Cues:structure,remindof,counton,schedule)3.Whatisyourdailyscheduleincollege?(Cues:wakeup,breakfast,lecture,break,practice)Isorganicfarminglessdamagingtoourenvironment?Why?SuggestedAnswers

Organicfarmingislessdamagingtoourenvironmentforthefollowingreasons:

Organicfarmsdonotconsumeorreleasesyntheticpesticidesintotheenvironment—someofwhichhavethepotentialtoharmsoil,waterandlocalterrestrialandaquaticwildlifealthoughitmustbenotedthatorganicpesticidesstillhavethepotentialtobeasdamagingtotheenvironmentassyntheticpesticides.SuggestedAnswers19/151Directions:Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.Unit1:Warmup1.Howdidyoufeelonthefirstdayatcollege?(Cues:excited,lonely,farawayfrom,miss,free,onone’sown)2.Whatdifferencesaretherebetweencollegelifeandhighschoollife?(Cues:structure,remindof,counton,schedule)3.Whatisyourdailyscheduleincollege?(Cues:wakeup,breakfast,lecture,break,practice)Isorganicfarminglessdamagingtoourenvironment?Why?SuggestedAnswers

Organicfarmsarebetterthanconventionalfarmsatsustainingdiverseecosystems,i.e.populationsofplantsandinsects,aswellasanimals.Whencalculatedperunitarea,organicfarmsuselessenergyandproducelesswaste,e.g.,wastesuchaspackagingmaterialsforchemicals.20/151Passage

LanguageandCulturalpointsUnit1:TextA21/151EatingFoodThat’sBetterforYou,OrganicorNot

ByMarkBittman1.

Inthesix-and-one-halfyearssincethefederalgovernmentbegancertifyingfoodas“organic,”Americanshavetakentotheideawithconsiderable

enthusiasm.Saleshaveatleastdoubled,andthree-quartersofthenation’sgrocerystoresnowcarryatleastsomeorganicfood.AHarrisPollinOctoberfoundthatabout30percentofAmericansbuyorganicfoodatleastonoccasion,andmostthinkitissafer,betterfortheenvironmentandhealthier.Unit1:TextA22/1512.

“Peoplebelieveitmustbebetterforyouifit’sorganic,”saysPhilHoward,anassistantprofessorofcommunity,foodandagricultureatMichiganStateUniversity.3.

SoIdiscoveredonarecentbooktouraroundtheUnitedStatesandCanada.Unit1:TextA23/1514.

NomatterhowcarefullyIavoidedusingtheword“organic”whenIspoketogroupsoffoodenthusiastsabouthowtoeatbetter,someoneintheaudiencewouldinevitablyask,“WhatifIcan’taffordtobuyorganicfood?”Organicfoodseemstohavebecomethemagic

cureforall.Whenpeoplethinkofeatingit,theythinktheyareeatingwell,healthily,reasonably,evenmorally.Unit1:TextA24/1515.

Buteating“organic”offersnoguaranteeofanyofthat.AndthetruthisthatmostAmericanseatsobadly—weget7percentofourcaloriesfromsoftdrinks,morethanwedofromvegetables;thetopfoodgroupbycaloricintakeis“sweets”;andone-thirdofnation’sadultsarenowobese—thattheorganicquestionisa

secondary

one.It’snotunimportant,butit’snottheprimaryissueinthewayAmericanseat.Unit1:TextA25/1516.

Toeatwell,saysMichaelPollan,theauthorof

InDefenseofFood,meansavoiding“ediblefood-likesubstances”andstickingtorealingredients,increasinglyfromtheplantkingdom.(Americanseachconsumeanaverageofnearlytwopoundsadayofanimalproducts.)There’splentyofevidencethatbothaperson’shealth—aswellastheenvironment’s—willimprovewithasimpleshiftineatinghabitsawayfromanimalproductsandhighlyprocessedfoodstoplantproductsandwhatmightbecalled“realfood.”Unit1:TextA26/1517.

Fromthesechanges,Americanswouldreducetheamountofland,waterandchemicalsusedtoproducethefoodweeat,aswellastheincidenceoflifestylediseaseslinkedtounhealthydiets,andgreenhousegasesfromindustrialmeatproduction.

8.

Thegovernment’sorganicprogram,saysJoanShaffer,aspokeswomanfortheAgricultureDepartment,“isamarketingprogramthatsetsstandardsforwhatcanbecertifiedasorganic.Neithertheenablinglegislationnortheregulationsaddressfoodsafetyornutrition.”Peopledon’tunderstandthat,nordotheyrealize“organic”doesn’tmean“local.”“Itdoesn’tmatterifit’sfromthefarmdowntheroadorfromChile,”Ms.Shaffersaid.“Aslongasitmeetsthestandards,it’sorganic.”Unit1:TextA27/1519.

Hence,theorganicstatusofsalmonflowninfromChile,oroffrozenvegetablesgrowninChinaandsoldintheUnitedStates—nomatterthesizeofthecarbonfootprintleftbehindbygettingfromtheretohere.10.

Today,mostfarmerswhopracticetrulysustainable

farming,orwhatyoumightcall“organicinspirit,”operateonsmallscale,somesosmallthattheycan’taffordtherequirementstobecertifiedorganicbythegovernment.Unit1:TextA28/15111.

Buttheorganicfoodbusinessisnowbigbusiness,andgettingbigger.ProfessorHowardestimatesthatmajorcorporationsnowareresponsibleforatleast25percentofallorganicmanufacturingandmarketing.In,salesoforganicfoodsandbeveragestotaledabout$16.7billion,accordingtothemostrecentfiguresfromOrganicTradeAssociation.12.

Butthequestionsremainoverhowweeatingeneral.ItmayfeelbettertoeatanorganicOreothanaconventionalOreo,but,saysMarionNestle,aprofessoratNewYorkUniversity’s

departmentofnutrition,foodstudiesandpublichealth,“Organicjunkfoodisstilljunkfood.”Unit1:TextA29/15113.

Lastweek,MichelleObamabegandiggingup

apatchoftheSouthLawnoftheWhiteHousetoplantanorganicvegetablegardentoprovidefoodforthefirstfamilyand,moreimportant,toeducatechildrenabouthealthy,locallygrownfruitsandvegetablesatatimewhenobesityanddiabeteshavebecomenationalconcerns.14.

ButMrs.ObamaalsoemphasizedthatthereweremanychangesAmericanscanmakeiftheydon’thavethetimeorspaceforanorganicgarden.15.“Youcanbegininyourowncupboard,”shesaid,“byeliminatingprocessedfood,tryingtocookamealalittlemoreoften,tryingtoincorporatemorefruitsandvegetables.Unit1:TextA30/151

16.

Popularizingsuchchoicesmaynotbeasmarketableascreatingalogothatsays“organic.”ButwhenAmericanshavehadtheirfillof“value-added”andoverprocessedfood,perhapstheycanbeginproducingandconsumingmorefoodthattreatsanimalsandthelandasiftheymattered.Someofthatfoodwillbeorganic,andhoorayforthat.Meanwhile,theyshouldrememberthattheworditselfisnotsynonymouswith“safe,”“healthy,”“fair”orevennecessarily“good.”(833words)Unit1:TextA31/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointstaketo—

conceivealikingfor

Examples:Sandratooktoitstraightaway.

CharleshasanoddcharacterwhomKellyhasneverreallytakento.查尔斯性格古怪，凯莉从未真正喜欢过他。桑德拉一眼就喜欢上了它。32/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsconsiderable—

a.greatinamountorsizeExample:Hemadeaconsiderablesumofmoneyinrealestate.

他做房地产生意赚了一大笔钱。33/151consider---v.thinkabout;lookatconsiderate关切，体贴替他人着想---adj.alwaysthinkingofwhatotherpeopleneedorwantandtakingcarenottoupsetthemconsidered仔细考虑过，判断，评价---adj.oncarefulthoughtconsidering---prep.…conjunctionusedwhendescribingasituation,beforeStatingafactbefore…考虑到...,鉴于…34/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsenthusiasm—

n.astrongfeelingofinterest,excitement,oradmirationaboutsth.Examples:Theproposalarousedlittleenthusiasminthegroup.

Hisenthusiasmmadeeveryoneelseinterested.

他热情激发了大家兴致。该提议在这些人中未引发多大兴趣。35/151Wordfamily:enthusev.enthusiastn.enthusiasticadj.Phrase:enthusiasmfor36/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsgrocery

—

n.(～store)astorethatsellsfoodandotherthingsusedinthehomeExample:Anewsupermarketopenedacrossthestreet,andPeter’sgrocerybusinesswassooninabadway.街对面新开了一家超市,这使彼得杂货店生意马上萧条了下来。37/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsgrocery

—

n.(pl.)thefoodorothergoodssoldinagrocerystoreExample:Adeliveryvanhasbroughtthegroceryorder.送货车已把定购杂货送来了。38/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsCulturalnote:Createdin1963byLouisHarris&Associates,theHarrisPollisoneoftheworld’slongest-runningandmostrespectedpublicopinionpolls.ResultsoftheHarrisPollarequotedfrequentlyinthemedia,receivingthousandsofmentionsannually.HarrisPoll39/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsonoccasion—

sometimesbutnotoften

Example:Onoccasionprisonerswereallowedvisitsfromtheirfamilies.有时家眷能够探视犯人。40/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsassistantprofessorCulturalnote:IntheU.S.,“professors”commonlyoccupyanyofseveralpositionsinacademia,typicallytheranksofassistantprofessor,associateprofessororfullprofessor.Assistantprofessorisanintroductorylevelprofessor,apositiongenerallytakenafterreceivingPh.D.and/orcompletingapost-doctoralfellowship.After4—8years,assistantprofessorswillbeeithertenuredordismissedfromtheuniversity.41/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsinevitably—

ad.usedforsayingthatsth.iscertaintohappenandcannotbeavoidedExamples:Inevitablyhefailedtheexam,becausehewaslazy.

Thedecisionwillinevitablyleadtopoliticaltensions.

这个决议必将造成政治上担心局面。他很懒惰,考试当然不及格。42/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsmagic—

n.specialpowersthatmakethepersonusingitabletodoimpossiblethings仙女使魔法将两弟兄变成了天鹅。—

a.

usedinorusingmagicExample:ThecaliphofBagdadflewonhismagiccarpettoArabia.巴格达国王驾着魔毯飞到了阿拉伯半岛。Example:Thefairy’smagicchangedthetwobrothersintoswans.43/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointscure—

n.

actofcuringorprocessofbeingcuredExample:There’snoknowncureforacold.治疗感冒尚无良方。—v.makesb.healthyagain抗生素有利于治疗许多先前致命疾病。Example:Antibioticshelptocuremanydiseasesthatwereformerlyfatal.44/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsguarantee—v.topromisethatsth.willhappenorbedone这种保险契约保障我们免受任何损失。—

n.

aformalpromisethatsth.willbedoneorwillhappenExample:YouhavemyguaranteethatI’llfinishthejobontime.我向你确保按时完成工作。Example:Thepolicyguaranteesusagainstallloss.Buteating“organic”offersno

guarantee

ofanyofthat.45/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsButeating“organic”offersnoguaranteeofanyofthat.Paraphrase:Buteating“organic”doesnotpromisethatpeopleareeatingwell,healthily,reasonably,evenmorally.46/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPoints…,morethanwedofromvegetablesNote“do”在本句中作“代动词”，代替前半句中动词“take”，以防止重复。morethanwedofromvegetables—morethanwetakefromvegetables47/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointssecondary—a.comingaftersth.thatisfirstorprimary;oflessimportance,value,etc.thanwhatisprimaryExample:Manyolderpeoplestillbelievethatwomen’scareersaresecondary.许多上了年纪人依然认为妇女职业生涯并不那么主要。48/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsprimary—a.mostimportant;fundamentalExample:Theprimaryreasonforadvertisingistosellmoregoods.做广告根本目标是增加货物销售量。49/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointssubstance—

n.atypeofsolidorliquidthathasparticularqualitiesExamples:Beawareofwhatyoudowiththisdangeroussubstance.

Iceandsnowaredifferentformsofthesamesubstance—water.

冰和雪都是水这一个物质不一样形式。你处理这些危险品时，可要当心。50/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsstickto—

decidewhattodo,say,believe,andnotchangethisExamples:Wedon’twanttohearyouropinions;sticktothefacts!

Heisamanwhostickstohisfriends.

他是个忠于朋友人。我们不想听你想法，只讲事实！51/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsconsume—v.usesth.,esp.time,energyorfuel每年美国人所消耗世界能源占很大百分比。—

v.

eatordrinksth.Example:Thekidssoonconsumedallthefoodonthe

table.孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上食品全部吃光。Example:EachyearAmericansconsumeahighpercentageoftheworld’senergy.52/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsevidence—n.(～of/for)

facts,objects,orsignsthatmakeyoubelievethatsth.existsoristrueExample:Hewaspunishedforgivingfalseevidence.他因作伪证而受到处罚。53/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPoints—

n.(bein～)presentandclearlyseenExample:He’sthesortofmanwholikestobeverymuchinevidenceatimportantmeetings,i.e.wholikestobeseenandnoticed.他是非常喜欢在重大会议上出风头那种人。evidence54/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsshift—n.achangeinthewaymostpeoplethinkaboutsth.,orinthewaysth.isdone

重量突然转移造成船翻了。—

v.

changeyouropinionorattitudeExample:Asunsetlikethisshifteditstintseverymoment.像这么日落时时刻刻在改变着色彩。Example:Asuddenshiftinweightcausedtheboattoturnover.55/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsprocess—

n.aseriesofactions,developments,orchangesthathappennaturallyExample:Iwilltellyou,soonerorlater,allthecomplicatedprocess.我早晚会把整个复杂过程告诉你。56/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPoints—

v.treatfoodorsomeothersubstancebyaddingothersubstancestoit,forexampletogiveitcolororkeepitfreshExample:Supermarketssellmanyvegetablesthathavebeenprocessed.超市出售许多经过加工蔬菜。process57/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPoints—

makeaconnectionbetweentwoormoresituations,events,orpeopleExample:Thesetwoeventswerelinkedtoeachother.这两个事件相互联络。linkto58/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPoints—

provideevidencefor;standasproofofExample:Theaccusedhasbeencertified(as)insane/certifiedtobeinsane.有书面证实被告精神失常。becertifiedas59/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPoints注意此句中主谓一致问题。neither…nor短语用在陈说句语序中中时，谓语动词与靠近谓语主语(regulations)单复数一致，所以用address而不是addresses。Neithertheenablinglegislationnortheregulationsaddress…Note主谓一致语法一致标准(grammaticalconcord)意义一致标准(notionalconcord)就近标准(principleofproximity)60/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsenablinglegislationCulturalnote:Anenablinglegislationisastatuteempoweringapersonorbodytotakecertainaction,especiallytomakeregulations,rules,ororders.Forexample,enablingactsoftenestablishgovernmentagenciestocarryoutspecificgovernmentpoliciesinamodernnationstate.Theeffectsofenablingactsfromdifferenttimesandplacesvarywidely.61/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPoints—

v.

thinkaboutandbegintodealwith(anissueorproblem)Example:Itistimeweaddressedthemainitemontheagenda.现在我们该把注意力集中到议事日程中主要项目上来了。addressNeithertheenablinglegislationnortheregulationsaddress…62/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsHence…thesizeofthecarbonfootprintleftbehindby…hence—

ad.

fromthatfactorreasonorasaresultExample:ThetownwasbuiltnearabridgeontheRiverCam;hencethenameCambridge.该城市建在康姆河上一座桥附近，由此而得名康桥（现译作剑桥）。accordinglyconsequentlyhencesothereforethus这些连接副词都有“所以，所以”之意。cf.63/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsHence…thesizeofthecarbonfootprintleftbehindby…accordingly—书面用词，强调依据某种原因而得出结果。e.g.Theyaskedhimtoleavethemeeting,andaccordinglyhewent.他们要他离开会场，所以他走了。consequently—正式用词，侧重符合逻辑结果。

e.g.Thebankrefusedtohelpthecompany;consequently,itwentbankrupt.银行拒绝帮助这家企业，结果该企业破产了。64/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsHence…thesizeofthecarbonfootprintleftbehindby…hence—较正式用词，指接下来东西是理所当然、必需，但强调其主要性；惯用于无动词短语中。therefore—通常指导出一个推断出必定结论。

e.g.Ithink,thereforeIexist.我思故我在。so—用于比较随便场所，口语中多用。thus—多用于书面语中，可与therefore换用。65/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsHence…thesizeofthe

carbonfootprint

leftbehindby…Culturalnote:carbonfootprint

Thetotalsetofgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionscausedbyanorganization,event,productorperson.Greenhousegasescanbeemittedthroughtransport,landclearance,andtheproductionandconsumptionoffood,fuels,manufacturedgoods,materials,wood,roads,buildings,andservices.Forsimplicityofreporting,itisoftenexpressedintermsoftheamountofcarbondioxide,oritsequivalentofotherGHGs,emitted.66/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsleavebehind—

departandnottakealongExamples:Helefthiswifeandchildrenbehind.

Theyoungathletesoonlefttheothersfarbehind.

那位年轻运动员很快就把其它选手远远地抛在后面。他抛下了妻儿。Hence…thesizeofthecarbonfootprint

leftbehind

by…67/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsHence,theorganicstatusofsalmonflowninfromChile,oroffrozenvegetablesgrowninChinaandsoldintheUnitedStates—nomatterthesizeofthecarbonfootprintleftbehindbygettingfromtheretohere.Paraphrase:Therefore,aslongasthesalmon,whichareimportedfromChileandthefrozenvegetables,whicharegrowninChinaandsoldintheUnitedStates,meetthestandards,theyareorganic,nomatterhowmuchgreenhousegasesareemittedforthemtogettoAmerica.68/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPoints—

a.

capableofbeingsustainedExample:sustainabledevelopment可连续发展sustainable69/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsfarming—

n.

thepracticeofcultivatingthelandorraisingstockExamples:sustainablefarmingIt’sdifficulttomakesheepfarmingpayhere.农业可连续发展farming

agriculture这两个词都有“农业”意思。养羊业在这里难有收益。cf.70/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsfarming—较为口语化，指畜牧、果物栽培、粮食栽种等农业特定领域，有时也指小规模家庭经营农场等。agriculture—一词较为正式，普通用来指农业这一整体。另外，学术上论及农业时，也用agriculture。

e.g.HewroteapaperonmodernagricultureinJapan.他写了一篇关于日本当代农业论文。farming71/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPoints—

精神上我无法亲自参加你婚礼，但精神上我与你同在。inspiritExample:Ican’tcometoyourwedding,butI’llbethereinspirit.72/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsoperate—

v.

(causeto)workorbeinactione.g.Themachin