TEM8历年真题参考答案

TEM8历年真题1996-2010年英语专业八级真题参考答案

参考答案(1996)

PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION

l.D2.C3.A4.B5.D

6.B7.D8.C9.C10.B

ll.B12.D13.B14.D15.C

SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING

(1)Three⑵.Historical(3).plant(4).Sugar(5).fall

(6).production(7).potato(8).com(9).profitable(10).Brazil

PARTIIPROOFREADINGANDERRORCORRECTION

l.let改为letalone2.face改为surface3.planet改为which4.删除quite或5.out改为outer

planetfairly

6删除away7.and改为but8.quater改为9.when改为untillO.fewer改为less

quarters

PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION

16.A17.B18.D19.B20.D

21.A22.D23.C24.A25.B

26.D27.C28.C29.C30.C

31.B32.D33.B34.D35.B

36.D37.D38.C39.C40.A

PARTIVTRANSLATION

SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISH

InParis,avarietyofdrinkingandbuffetpartiesofferagoodopportunityformakingfriends.

Onsuchoccasion,strangersmeettoknoweachother.IftheyareAsians,they,usuallyrespectfully

withtwohands,presenttheircallingcardstotheotherpersonbeforetheyspeak,whichseemsto

beanindispensableformality.However,Frenchmenusuallydonotpresenttheircardsinitially.

Whentheymeet,theygreeteachotherorevenchatzealouslyaboutonetopicandthenexcuse

themselves.Onlywhentheytakeinterestineachotherandhopetokeepinfurthercontact,will

theyexchangecallingcards.Itseemsunnaturalforthemtopresenttheircallingcardsbeforethey

speaktoeachother.

SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESE

竞选本应是容易的。这些人都是跟随里根多年，而跟随共和党更久的久经沙场的老手。

他们熟知总统的竞选政治策略，不亚于任何人。竞选的形势非常有利，有许多好消息可以利

用：美国国道太平，国内经济--竞选的关键因素--在经历了衰退后已开始强力回升。

而且，竞选经费非常充足，有足够的钱组成一流的竞选班子，支付巡回演说和电视宣传的费

用。最重要的是，他们的候选人是罗纳德・里根。他是位极具个人魅力且交际本领极强的总

统。自肯尼迪以后，没有任何一位总统能像里根这样提出更为广阔的国家前景：美国将成为

一个军事力量得以恢复、个人创造力得以发挥、联邦政府更为精简的国家。

PARTVWRITING

InSupportofDormitoryPolicies

Inrecentyears,therearisesabadtendencyonChinesecollegecampus.Somestudents

ignorethesanitationandquietenvironmentoftheirdormitory.Manystudentsaredisturbedand

annoyedbythis.Duetosuchbadresults,thereisanupsurgeofideaofmakingdormitorypolicies

tocurbtheseindecencies.Thisideawillbewelcomedbecauseitisforthesakeofourhealthand

thesatisfactorystudyenvironment.

Tomakesuchpoliciesisveryimportanttomaintainingourhealth.Franklyspeaking,the

dormitoryoncampusisalittlebitsmallforsevenoreightstudents.Afteronenight'ssleep,theair

inthedormitoryisverybad,especiallyinwinter.Anyonewholikescleannesswillnotwanttogo

backtohisdormitory.Ifsuchaconditionlasts,especiallyinsummer,manykindsofdiseasewill

appear.Canweimagineastudentalwayswithillnesswillcontinuehisstudiesorstudywell?Of

coursenot.Atthispoint,allofusshouldpayenoughattentiontothesanitationinorderto

completeourcollegestudiesandgetgoodmarks.

Tomakesuchpoliciesisindispensabletocreateapeacefulstudyenvironment.Dormitories

areforrestandsometimesforstudies.Whenwecometoourcollege,ourprimarypurposeisto

gainmoreknowledgetoequipourselves.However,somefreshmenaredisappointedatthe

environmentofthedormitories,ignoringothers,somestudentswillplaymusicorlistentomusic

atanytime,evenatnight.Thisseriouslydisturbsothers.Theresultisthattheycannotconcentrate

ontheirstudiesorfeelsleepy.Musicshouldnotbepreventedforyoungpeople,itshouldbe

listenedtoatpropertime,consideringtheinterestofotherpeople.

Forthesakeofstudent'shealthandcreatingasatisfyingenvironmentforstudies,some

policiesshouldbemadetoensuretheircollegestudies.Ibelievesuchpoliciesmustbein

everyone'sfavor.

参考答案(1997)

PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION

l.B2.D3.A4.D5.A

6.A7.C8.B9.A10.C

ll.B12.A13.C14.C15.B

SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING

(1)limited(2).bank(3).purchases(4).bill(5).necessary

(6).regular(7).place(8).emergency(9).overspread(10).payments

PARTIIPROOFREADINGANDERRORCORRECTION

Lean改为must2.not改为notto3.of改为about4删掉to5.therefore改为but

6.raise改为rise7.as改为asif8.make改为perform9.the改为alO.post改为posture

PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION

16.C17.A18.D19.C20.D

21.C22.B23.C24.B25.D

26.A27.B28.C29.B30.A

31.B32.D33.A34.A35.B

36.D37.C38.B39.C40.D

PARTIVTRANSLATION

SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISH

MyadvisorwasanAsianAmerican.Heindulgedhimselfinsmokingandalcoholicdrinking

andwashot-tempered.Butheappreciatedthediligenceandthesoundbasicknowledgeof

studentsofAsianoriginverymuch,andsharedtheirsentiments(understoodtheirfeeling).

Therefore,ofthesixstudentswhowerepermittedtostudyinhislaboratory,onlyonewas

fromGermany,theotherfivewereallfromAsia.Hewassostraightforwardastoputupa

noteonthedoorofhislab,whichread:"Researchassistantinthislabmustworkseven

daysaweek,from10a.m.tomidnighteveryday,andmustsparenoeffort(goallout)in

workhours."Hewaswellknownthroughoutthecampusforhisstrictnessandseverity.

Duringthethreeandahalfyearsofmyworktherefourteenstudentsenteredhislab,but

onlyfiveleftwithadoctor'sdegree.Inthesummerof1990,irrespectiveofother'sadvice,

Iforcedmyselftoreceivehisassistanceandbeganmyhardjourneyforschooling.

SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESE

观看歌剧是件昂贵的事。昂贵是必然的。然而昂贵的东西并非富人所独有，除非我们放弃社会赋予的

选择权。我们有权做出选择去创作歌剧和其它昂贵的文化形式，使那些单凭个人的能力无力支付的人享

受得起。问题在于我们为什么要这样做?没有人否定食物、住所、防御能力、健康和教育是必不可少的，

即使在史前的山洞里，人类伸出手来不仅是为了吃、喝、战斗，他们还作画。文化的冲动，即通过想象

和表达去显示和探索世界的渴望是最根本的东西。在欧洲，这种渴望已通过音乐、绘画、文学和戏剧的

名著得以实现。这些名著对我们付出的所有努力进行了检验。它们成了人类的思维和想象力所能达到程

度的试金石它们包含着人与人之间能够传递的最深刻的信息。

PARTVWRITING

SowingtheSeeds,NurturingGrowthandHarvestingtheRewards

Inspringwesowtheseedsinthesoil.Welookafterthemandcutoffseedsforthem.And

inautumn,weareveryhappytogetharvest.Astudent'ssuccessinuniversitystudy

followsthesamepatternasthatoffarming.Theteachersaretheseedsinourmindby

givinglecturestous.Wecangetnothingwithouthardworking.Thatistosay“Nopains,no

gains.M

First,ifwehopeaharvest,theseedsplaythefundamentalrole,orwecansaythatitisvery

importanttolistencarefullytotheteachers.Inmypointofview,itistheteacherwhosows

theseeds.Whatisseed?Itisknowledge.Somestudentssleepintheclass.Theycarry

nothingwiththemwhentheyleavetheclassroom.Thatistosaytheydon'tgetseedsfrom

theteachers.Theyarenotinterestedinthelectures.Theyliketostayupallnighttoreview

thelesson.Nowitseemsthattheyareworkinghardinafield,whichhasnoseedsinthesoil.

Itsoundsridiculous,isn5tit?Therefore,toabsorbinclassisveryimportant.

Second,nurturinggrowthisthekeypointinfarming,orwecansaythathardworkingfor

thestudentsthemselvesisthemostimportant.Wecanimaginethatwesowtheseedsin

thesoilandthendon'tpayattentiontothemanymore.Thenhowcanwegetaharvest?If

wedon'twatertheseeds,theywilldryandcanneverbecomeaplant.Ifwedon'tgetridof

theseeds,theplantwilldieofmalnutrition.Itisthesameinstudy.Listencarefullytothe

teachersandgettheseedsinourmindandnotebooks.Butwemustreviewthelesson.We

mustgrasptheknowledge.Weshouldborrowmorebookswhicharerelevanttotheclass

fromlibraryandabsorbtheknowledge.Thisisthemostimportantprocessinstudy.When

yousay:"Oh,theknowledgeisminenow.Itdoesn'tbelongtotheteachersanylonger,”

youfinishthehardworkprocessinstudy.

Third,harvestingisalsoanimportantprocess.Thatistosaythatyoumustlearntouse

whatyouhavestudiedtogetagoodresultinexamination.Somestudentsworkallday

long.Theyusuallyfailintheexam.Theyareworriedbeforeexamandforgeteverything

whenentertheclassroomforexam.Theygottheseeds,theydevotedalltheirenergyto

thefieldbuttheydon'tknowhowtoharvesttheirrewards.Solefslearntheskillofharvest

andgetourrewards.

Tosumup,thethreeprocessesareallimportantifwewanttobeasuccessfulstudent.

Withoutoneofthem,wewillfailinourstudy.Trytoimproveyour

selfinthethreeaspects;youcancertainlybecomeanexcellentstudent.

参考答案(1998)

PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION

l.C2.D3.D4.C5.C

6.A7.D8.C9.D10.A

ll.C12.B13.D14.B15.D

SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING

(1)dialect(2).merchant(3).Middle(4).distinctive(5).public

businessmanspecial

(6).pronunciation(7).higherupper(8).expansion(9).regionallocal(10).AmericanU.S.

accentgrowth

PARTIIPROOFREADINGANDERRORCORRECTION

l.any改为anyother2.have改为has3.pay改为call4.of改为after5.in改为at

6.them改为7删除the8.be改为is9.genetic改为10.such改为sucha

themselvesgenetically

PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION

16.C17.A18.C19.A20.A

21.A22.C23.B24.C25.A

26.D27.A28.C29.C30.D

31.B32.D33.D34.C35.A

36.A37.D38.C39.D40.A

PARTIVTRANSLATION

SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISH

Hastyasitwas,theshortvisittoTaiwanwithanaimofinterchangehasenabledustosee

quiteafewplaces,meetoldfriendsandmakenewones.Whenwecametogether,amajor

topicwetalkedaboutwastheprosperityoftheChinesenationinthecoming21stcentury.

AlthoughtheyouthinMainlandandinTaiwanarelivingindifferentsocialcircumstances

andhavedifferentlifeexperiences,theirheartsareallimprintedwiththesplendidtradition

oftheChinesecivilizationandfilledwiththecommonidealtoinvigoratetheChinesenation.

Atthegreatmeetingtimeoftwocenturies,ourmotherlandisheadingforprosperityandis

becomingstrongerandstronger,andtheexchangebetweenthetwosidesofTaiwan

Straitswillpromotetheircontactsandworktogethertorealizethereunificationoftheir

motherlandassoonaspossible.Thepreciousopportunityandgreatchallengeattheturn

ofthecenturieswillpushtheyoungpeopletothefrontofthehistory.Whatattitudeshould

beadoptedbytheyoungergenerationattheturnofthecenturiestousherinthenew

centuryofhope?Thisisthequestionthatwemustanswer.

SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESE

然而，谈到美国文学，我们不能断言它与欧洲文学完全不同。从广义上说，美国与欧洲并驾齐驱。在

任何特定的时候，旅行者都可以发现两地有着相同的建筑、相同式样的服装、相同的书籍。思想观点如

同人和商品一样，自由地穿过大西洋，虽然有时会慢些。当我谈及美国的人习惯、思维等方面时，我打

算使用某种限定性的词语，因为美欧（尤其是英美）之间的差别通常只是程度上的差别，有时差别甚微。

差别的程度是一种微妙的事情，它能使看着美国的英国人困惑不解。他看到的这个国家在某些重要意义

上源于自己的国家，在很多方面又酷似自己的国家，但他又不是自己的国家。两地有奇怪的相似处，又

有突然的陌生感。例如，当我们和街道对面的人打招呼时，他却一脸茫然，此时才觉察到我们把陌生人

当成了朋友。疏远之感立刻取代了亲密的感觉。

PARTVWRITING

OneMajorProblemintheProcessofUrbanization

Fromtheancienttimeuntilnow,economyhasalwaysbeenregardedasthefoundation

ofallothermatters.Nowadays,itiseasierforonetosensetheurgencyofeconomic

development.Asaresult,existingcitiesaregrowingbiggerandbiggerandnewcitiesare

appearing.Obviously,developingeconomybringspeopleabigprofit.However,some

problemsemerge.Inmyopinion,pollutionisamajorproblem.

Everydaypeoplegothroughcars,buses,trucksandothervehicleswhichgiveoutalot

ofpoisonousgas.Intheofficebuilding,peoplearenearlyclosedinatin.Dayandnight,

peoplearesurroundedbycentralair-conditioners.Freshairisnotallowedin.Whafsmore,

thereappearalotoffactorieswithlargechimneys.Somechemicalgasescomeoutintothe

airconstantly.Thewastegasfurtherworsenstheairquality.

Inthepast,birdchipping,beehummingandotherpleasantsoundcouldbeheard.Now

treesarecutdown,fieldsarecoveredandanimalshavenohomeland.Onthecontrary,

machineshowl,vehicleshornandpeoplequarrel.Onehearsnothingbutnoise.Thenoise

botherspeople'smindandinterrupttheharmoniouslivingspace.

Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,people'slifetempoisgrowingfasterandfasterin

accordancewiththerapidgoingofmachine.Peoplehavenomoretimetothinkofothers,

andtheyonlycareaboutthemselves.Theycandiscardrubbishanywhere.Theyturnthe

radioupenoughtobeunbearabletoothers.Theycanfightagainstothersviolentlyinorder

torelaxtheirbusynerves.

Tosumup,theurbanizationhasalotofnegativeeffects.Hereonlypollutioninair,noise

andmindarelisted.Besideseconomicprofit,otherelementssuchaslivingenvironment

shouldbetakenintoconsiderationbasedonalong-timedevelopment.

参考答案(1999)

PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION

l.C2.D3.A4.B5.A

6.C7.B8.D9.A10.D

ll.A12.A13.B14.B15.D

SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING

(1)known(2).save(3).expensive(4).match(5).image

(6).media(7).cosmeticsdrinks(8).favorably(9).conditioning(10).expensive

PARTIIPROOFREADINGANDERRORCORRECTION

l.as改为like2.supplementing改为3.and改为or4.in改为on5.as改为while

supplemented

6删掉for7.despiteof改为despite8.half改为half9.If改为ThoughlO.healthier改为a

thathealthier

PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION

16.A17.B18.D19.B20.A

21.C22.A23.B24.C25.D

26.A27.B28.C29.A30.D

31.D32.C33.B34.A35.D

36.B37.B38.D39.D40.C

PARTIVTRANSLATION

SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISH

ThegloryofVancouverhasbeenachievedthroughthewisdomandtheindustryofthe

Vancouverpeople,includingthecontributionsofmanyethnicgroups.Canada,sparsely

populated,hasaterritorylargerthanthatofChina,butitspopulationisonlylessthan30

million.Consequently,toattractingimmigrantsfromothercountrieshasbecomea

nationalpolicylongpracticed/followed/cherishedbyCanada.AllCanadiansexceptthe

AmericanIndians,sotospeak,areforeignimmigrants,differingonlyinthelengthoftime

theyhavesettledinCanada.Vancouver,inparticular,isoneofthefewmostcelebrated

multi-ethniccitiesintheworld.Amongthe1.8millionVancouverresidents,halfofthem

arenon-nativesandoneoutofeveryfourresidentsisfromAsia.The250,000Chinese

therehaveplayedadecisiveroleinthetransformationofVancouver*seconomy.Halfof

themhavecometosettleinVancouveroverthepastfiveyearsonly,renderingVancouver

thelargestareaoutsideAsiawheretheChineseinhabit

SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESE

止匕外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处，这便是：生儿育女是为了维系或改善婚姻：能拴住

丈夫或者使妻子不致于无所事事；修复或重振婚姻；多子多孙，以为家庭幸福惟有此法。这一点更可以

由其反面得到昭示：在某些社会中，无法生儿育女(或无法生育男孩)对婚姻而言是一种威胁，还可

作为离婚的现成借口。

后代对于家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此。对许多人来说，夫妻两人尚不足以构成一

个真正意义上的家庭——夫妻需要孩子来丰富其两人小天地，赋予该小天地以真正意义上的家庭性质，

并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。

孩子需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要孩子。家庭作为一种社会机构，以其特有的方式，至少从原则上说，

可在一个变幻莫测、常常是充满敌意的世界中让人从中获取某种安全、慰藉、保障，以及价值取向。

PARTVWRITING

CompetitionorCo-operation

Somepeopleclaimthatcompetitionismoreimportantthanco-operationinthe

present-daysociety.Idon,tagreewiththem.Ithinkco-operationismoreimportantthan

competitionbecausenotonlypeoplecanfulfilltoday*scomplexandhigh-techworkbetter

byco-operatingwitheachother,butalsoco-operationhelpstoformfinepublicmoralsin

thepresent-daysociety.

First,co-operationcanproducebetterworkeffect.Nowmostworkismoredifficultand

complicatedthanbefore.Itrequiresalltypesofknowledgeindifferentfields.Eventhe

personwhoisprovedtobeoutstandinginfiercecompetitioncan'tdoitonlybyhimself.

Afterall,one*sabilityislimited.Hecan*tmasteralltheknowledgeintheworld.Inthiscase,

peoplehadbetterco-operate;andeachoneappliesknowledgeinhismajor.However,if

peoplecompeteagainsteachother,workcanjustbedone.Thequalityofworkisuncertain.

Second,co-operationcandogoodtotheformingofaunitedandfraternalsocial

environment.Whenpeopleco-operate,theyhavethesamegoal.Intheprocessof

overcomingdifficulties,eachofthemuseshisownmerittocompensateforothers'

defects.Andtheyencourageeachothertostrivefortheircommonaim.Byandby,their

relationshipbecomescloseandfriendly.Bycontrast,competitioncausesegoism.Thefinal

resultofcompetitionistosortouttheonlybestonebyeliminatingalltheothers.Sothis

makeseverycompetitorhopethathehimselfisbetterthananyother.Unavoidablyhe

won'thelpothersmakeprogressbecausehe'safraidthathewillbesurpassed.Inthisway,

hetendstothinkonlyforhimself,notforothersatall.Egoismappears.

Inaword,co-operationismoreimportantthancompetitioninthepresent-daysocietyfor

thesakeofgoodworkeffectandhighmoralatmosphere.

参考答案(2000)

PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION

l.B2.D3.A4.A5.C

6.D7.B8.B9.C10.D

ll.D12.C13.D14.C15.A

SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING

(1)talk(2).share(3).subject(4).knowledge(5).theme

(6).speaking(7).comfort(8).short(9).shortest(10).success

PARTIIPROOFREADINGANDERRORCORRECTION

L删掉the2.but改为and3.in改为to4.misled改为5.faraway改为far

misleading

6.single改为only7.as改为in8.mean改为means9.have改为havesuchlO.number改为deal

PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION

16.B17.A18.D19.C20.D

21.D22.B23.D24.C25.B

26.C27.A28.C29.D30.C

31.C32.D33.A34.B35.D

36.A37.A38.B39.C40.B

PARTIVTRANSLATION

SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISH

Thefirst-generationmuseumsintheworldaremuseumsofnaturalhistory.Withfossils

andspecimenstheyintroducetopeopletheevolutionoftheearthandvariousliving

organismsonit.Thesecond-generationmuseumsarethoseofindustrialtechnology.Fruits

ofvariousstagesofindustrialcivilizationareondisplayhere.Althoughthesetwo

generationsofmuslinshaveplayedtheroleofspreadingscientificknowledge,theyregard

visitorsaspassivespectators.

Theworld'sthird-generationmuseumsarefullofcompletelynewconcepts.Here

visitorscancarryoutoperationsandcarefulobservationsthemselves.Inthiswaythey

comeclosertoadvancedachievementsinscienceandtechnologysoastoprobetheir

mystery.

SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESE

提起英年“早逝”，人们或有所指。人们定会相信有些人死亡的时刻更为适宜。寿终正寝极少称为“早逝”。

长寿即意味着生命之完整。但英年早逝常令人感到逝者美好时光尚未到来，一生之评说尚未做出。然而，

历史却否认这点,提起杰出的早逝者，人们定会亿起玛丽莲•梦露和詹姆士•迪恩。两人生命短暂，却完美

无缺。诗人约翰•济慈26岁与世长辞，作家们对此难以接受。而他们自己过了26岁时却只能半开玩笑

地认为今生今世无所作为。生命短暂即未成果这一观念荒谬无理。生命的价值取决于它留给世界的印象、

它的贡献及它的美德。

PARTVWRITING

EducationasaLifelongProcess

Wheneducationismentioned,wecaneasilythinkofschool,collegesandyoungpeople.

Infact,educationissoimportantinmodernsocietythatitcanbeviewedasalifelong

process.

First,ifstherequirementoffast-developingsociety,toaccepteducationdespiteofyour

age.Ourworldischangingdramaticallywiththedevelopmentofnewscienceand

technology.Apersonwhocompletedhiseducationatschoolin70sor80smayhave

encounterednewproblemswhenheisworkingnow.Theproblemsmighthavesomething

todowithhismajororotheraspects.Forexampleanaccountantnowmustmasterthe

skillsofaccountingthroughcomputers,whichisthebasictoolsforhim,soheshouldalso

learnhowtoapplyhisjobinacomputer.Nomatterhowoldishe.

Secondly,educationcreateshumancharacterandmoralities.Througheducation,

youthmaylearnhowtomakecontributionstotheworld.Andtheoldmaylearnnewthings

toenrichtheirlives.Througheducation,ahealthypersoncanbecomestrongeranda

disabledpersoncanhaveanewhopeonhislife.Mancanfindgreatpleasurebyaccepting

education.

Thirdly,ourmodemsocietyhasprovidedeveryonethechancetoaccepteducation.As

longasyouwishyoucouldgeteducationbyattendingnight-schools,adultcolleges,

trainingcentersandevenlong-distanceeducationthroughInternetandTV.

Inoneword,knowledgeislimitless.Andlifeislimited.Soeducationisalifelong

process.

参考答案(2001)

PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION

l.A2.C3.D4.D5.C

6.B7.D8.B9.C10.A

ll.C12.A13.B14.C15.C

SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING

(1)symbolic(2).reference(3).reporters(4).format(5).disadvantage

(6).component(7).competence(8).verbal(9).nature(10).asking

PARTIIPROOFREADINGANDERRORCORRECTION

l.as改为so2.increasing改为3.so改为but4删掉shortly5.rich改为richer

increasingly

6.asked改为asked7.involving改为involved8.life改为living9.handle改为deal10.total改为whole

for

PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION

16.D17.B18.A19.D20.C

21.A22.B23.D24.B25.A

26.C27.B28.D29.C30.A

31.A32.D33.C34.A35.B

36.D37.D38.B39.A40.B

PARTIVTRANSLATION

SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISH

QiaoYutooktofishinginhisoldage.Hesaid:"Wherethereisfishandwater,thereis

goodenvironment,andgoodenvironmentfillsone'sheartwithjoy(makesonefeel

delighted,delightseveryone,givesdelighttoeveryone).Ithinkthebestplaceforfishing

isnotacomfortableman-madefish-pondwherehungryfishareready(provided)foryou,

butanenchantingplaceinthewildwhereeverythingisnatural."Fishing(Angling)isa

gamethatcanhelpimproveone'stemperament(character).Itisgoodformentaland

bodilyhealth.QiaoYusaid:"Fishingfallsintothreestages.Thefirststageisjustforeating

fish.Thesecondstageisforeatingfishandforenjoyingthepleasureoffishingaswell.

(Thesecondstageisforenjoyingthepleasureoffishingaswellaseatingfish.)Thethird

stageismainlyforthepleasureoffishingfacingapoolofgreenwater,onecasts(throws)

asideallanxietiesandworriesandenjoys(takes)agoodrest,bothmentalandphysical.s,

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梭罗所理解的“低层次”，即为了拥有而去拥有，或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。他心目中的“高层

次”，则是这样一种积极的人生戒律，即要使自己对自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。对于他从低层次上

节省下来的时间和精力，他可将其致力于对高层次的追求。勿庸置疑，梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿，但他在膳

食方面所投入的精力仅果腹而已，只要可确保他能去从事更为重要的事务，他便别无所求。

付出努力才是其本质所在，除非我们终生与困难为伴，否则就无幸福可谈。正如济慈所言，除去不可

能做的事，我们一生获得的满足有多大，取决于我们选择的困难有多强。罗伯特•福剂罗斯特谈到“苦中

求乐”时，也有异曲同工之理。就通常宣传的幸福而言，其致命弱点在于声称不用付出努力即可获得幸

福。

我们甚至在竞赛中寻求困难。我们需要困难，因为没有困难也就无所谓竞赛，竞赛是制造困难以求得

乐趣之道。竞赛规则就是任意强加的困难。违犯竞赛规则就是破坏乐趣。下棋