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TEM8历年真题1996-2010年英语专业八级真题参考答案
参考答案(1996)
PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION
l.D2.C3.A4.B5.D
6.B7.D8.C9.C10.B
ll.B12.D13.B14.D15.C
SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING
(1)Three⑵.Historical(3).plant(4).Sugar(5).fall
(6).production(7).potato(8).com(9).profitable(10).Brazil
PARTIIPROOFREADINGANDERRORCORRECTION
l.let改为letalone2.face改为surface3.planet改为which4.删除quite或5.out改为outer
planetfairly
6删除away7.and改为but8.quater改为9.when改为untillO.fewer改为less
quarters
PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION
16.A17.B18.D19.B20.D
21.A22.D23.C24.A25.B
26.D27.C28.C29.C30.C
31.B32.D33.B34.D35.B
36.D37.D38.C39.C40.A
PARTIVTRANSLATION
SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISH
InParis,avarietyofdrinkingandbuffetpartiesofferagoodopportunityformakingfriends.
Onsuchoccasion,strangersmeettoknoweachother.IftheyareAsians,they,usuallyrespectfully
withtwohands,presenttheircallingcardstotheotherpersonbeforetheyspeak,whichseemsto
beanindispensableformality.However,Frenchmenusuallydonotpresenttheircardsinitially.
Whentheymeet,theygreeteachotherorevenchatzealouslyaboutonetopicandthenexcuse
themselves.Onlywhentheytakeinterestineachotherandhopetokeepinfurthercontact,will
theyexchangecallingcards.Itseemsunnaturalforthemtopresenttheircallingcardsbeforethey
speaktoeachother.
SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESE
竞选本应是容易的。这些人都是跟随里根多年,而跟随共和党更久的久经沙场的老手。
他们熟知总统的竞选政治策略,不亚于任何人。竞选的形势非常有利,有许多好消息可以利
用:美国国道太平,国内经济--竞选的关键因素--在经历了衰退后已开始强力回升。
而且,竞选经费非常充足,有足够的钱组成一流的竞选班子,支付巡回演说和电视宣传的费
用。最重要的是,他们的候选人是罗纳德・里根。他是位极具个人魅力且交际本领极强的总
统。自肯尼迪以后,没有任何一位总统能像里根这样提出更为广阔的国家前景:美国将成为
一个军事力量得以恢复、个人创造力得以发挥、联邦政府更为精简的国家。
PARTVWRITING
InSupportofDormitoryPolicies
Inrecentyears,therearisesabadtendencyonChinesecollegecampus.Somestudents
ignorethesanitationandquietenvironmentoftheirdormitory.Manystudentsaredisturbedand
annoyedbythis.Duetosuchbadresults,thereisanupsurgeofideaofmakingdormitorypolicies
tocurbtheseindecencies.Thisideawillbewelcomedbecauseitisforthesakeofourhealthand
thesatisfactorystudyenvironment.
Tomakesuchpoliciesisveryimportanttomaintainingourhealth.Franklyspeaking,the
dormitoryoncampusisalittlebitsmallforsevenoreightstudents.Afteronenight'ssleep,theair
inthedormitoryisverybad,especiallyinwinter.Anyonewholikescleannesswillnotwanttogo
backtohisdormitory.Ifsuchaconditionlasts,especiallyinsummer,manykindsofdiseasewill
appear.Canweimagineastudentalwayswithillnesswillcontinuehisstudiesorstudywell?Of
coursenot.Atthispoint,allofusshouldpayenoughattentiontothesanitationinorderto
completeourcollegestudiesandgetgoodmarks.
Tomakesuchpoliciesisindispensabletocreateapeacefulstudyenvironment.Dormitories
areforrestandsometimesforstudies.Whenwecometoourcollege,ourprimarypurposeisto
gainmoreknowledgetoequipourselves.However,somefreshmenaredisappointedatthe
environmentofthedormitories,ignoringothers,somestudentswillplaymusicorlistentomusic
atanytime,evenatnight.Thisseriouslydisturbsothers.Theresultisthattheycannotconcentrate
ontheirstudiesorfeelsleepy.Musicshouldnotbepreventedforyoungpeople,itshouldbe
listenedtoatpropertime,consideringtheinterestofotherpeople.
Forthesakeofstudent'shealthandcreatingasatisfyingenvironmentforstudies,some
policiesshouldbemadetoensuretheircollegestudies.Ibelievesuchpoliciesmustbein
everyone'sfavor.
参考答案(1997)
PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION
l.B2.D3.A4.D5.A
6.A7.C8.B9.A10.C
ll.B12.A13.C14.C15.B
SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING
(1)limited(2).bank(3).purchases(4).bill(5).necessary
(6).regular(7).place(8).emergency(9).overspread(10).payments
PARTIIPROOFREADINGANDERRORCORRECTION
Lean改为must2.not改为notto3.of改为about4删掉to5.therefore改为but
6.raise改为rise7.as改为asif8.make改为perform9.the改为alO.post改为posture
PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION
16.C17.A18.D19.C20.D
21.C22.B23.C24.B25.D
26.A27.B28.C29.B30.A
31.B32.D33.A34.A35.B
36.D37.C38.B39.C40.D
PARTIVTRANSLATION
SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISH
MyadvisorwasanAsianAmerican.Heindulgedhimselfinsmokingandalcoholicdrinking
andwashot-tempered.Butheappreciatedthediligenceandthesoundbasicknowledgeof
studentsofAsianoriginverymuch,andsharedtheirsentiments(understoodtheirfeeling).
Therefore,ofthesixstudentswhowerepermittedtostudyinhislaboratory,onlyonewas
fromGermany,theotherfivewereallfromAsia.Hewassostraightforwardastoputupa
noteonthedoorofhislab,whichread:"Researchassistantinthislabmustworkseven
daysaweek,from10a.m.tomidnighteveryday,andmustsparenoeffort(goallout)in
workhours."Hewaswellknownthroughoutthecampusforhisstrictnessandseverity.
Duringthethreeandahalfyearsofmyworktherefourteenstudentsenteredhislab,but
onlyfiveleftwithadoctor'sdegree.Inthesummerof1990,irrespectiveofother'sadvice,
Iforcedmyselftoreceivehisassistanceandbeganmyhardjourneyforschooling.
SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESE
观看歌剧是件昂贵的事。昂贵是必然的。然而昂贵的东西并非富人所独有,除非我们放弃社会赋予的
选择权。我们有权做出选择去创作歌剧和其它昂贵的文化形式,使那些单凭个人的能力无力支付的人享
受得起。问题在于我们为什么要这样做?没有人否定食物、住所、防御能力、健康和教育是必不可少的,
即使在史前的山洞里,人类伸出手来不仅是为了吃、喝、战斗,他们还作画。文化的冲动,即通过想象
和表达去显示和探索世界的渴望是最根本的东西。在欧洲,这种渴望已通过音乐、绘画、文学和戏剧的
名著得以实现。这些名著对我们付出的所有努力进行了检验。它们成了人类的思维和想象力所能达到程
度的试金石它们包含着人与人之间能够传递的最深刻的信息。
PARTVWRITING
SowingtheSeeds,NurturingGrowthandHarvestingtheRewards
Inspringwesowtheseedsinthesoil.Welookafterthemandcutoffseedsforthem.And
inautumn,weareveryhappytogetharvest.Astudent'ssuccessinuniversitystudy
followsthesamepatternasthatoffarming.Theteachersaretheseedsinourmindby
givinglecturestous.Wecangetnothingwithouthardworking.Thatistosay“Nopains,no
gains.M
First,ifwehopeaharvest,theseedsplaythefundamentalrole,orwecansaythatitisvery
importanttolistencarefullytotheteachers.Inmypointofview,itistheteacherwhosows
theseeds.Whatisseed?Itisknowledge.Somestudentssleepintheclass.Theycarry
nothingwiththemwhentheyleavetheclassroom.Thatistosaytheydon'tgetseedsfrom
theteachers.Theyarenotinterestedinthelectures.Theyliketostayupallnighttoreview
thelesson.Nowitseemsthattheyareworkinghardinafield,whichhasnoseedsinthesoil.
Itsoundsridiculous,isn5tit?Therefore,toabsorbinclassisveryimportant.
Second,nurturinggrowthisthekeypointinfarming,orwecansaythathardworkingfor
thestudentsthemselvesisthemostimportant.Wecanimaginethatwesowtheseedsin
thesoilandthendon'tpayattentiontothemanymore.Thenhowcanwegetaharvest?If
wedon'twatertheseeds,theywilldryandcanneverbecomeaplant.Ifwedon'tgetridof
theseeds,theplantwilldieofmalnutrition.Itisthesameinstudy.Listencarefullytothe
teachersandgettheseedsinourmindandnotebooks.Butwemustreviewthelesson.We
mustgrasptheknowledge.Weshouldborrowmorebookswhicharerelevanttotheclass
fromlibraryandabsorbtheknowledge.Thisisthemostimportantprocessinstudy.When
yousay:"Oh,theknowledgeisminenow.Itdoesn'tbelongtotheteachersanylonger,”
youfinishthehardworkprocessinstudy.
Third,harvestingisalsoanimportantprocess.Thatistosaythatyoumustlearntouse
whatyouhavestudiedtogetagoodresultinexamination.Somestudentsworkallday
long.Theyusuallyfailintheexam.Theyareworriedbeforeexamandforgeteverything
whenentertheclassroomforexam.Theygottheseeds,theydevotedalltheirenergyto
thefieldbuttheydon'tknowhowtoharvesttheirrewards.Solefslearntheskillofharvest
andgetourrewards.
Tosumup,thethreeprocessesareallimportantifwewanttobeasuccessfulstudent.
Withoutoneofthem,wewillfailinourstudy.Trytoimproveyour
selfinthethreeaspects;youcancertainlybecomeanexcellentstudent.
参考答案(1998)
PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION
l.C2.D3.D4.C5.C
6.A7.D8.C9.D10.A
ll.C12.B13.D14.B15.D
SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING
(1)dialect(2).merchant(3).Middle(4).distinctive(5).public
businessmanspecial
(6).pronunciation(7).higherupper(8).expansion(9).regionallocal(10).AmericanU.S.
accentgrowth
PARTIIPROOFREADINGANDERRORCORRECTION
l.any改为anyother2.have改为has3.pay改为call4.of改为after5.in改为at
6.them改为7删除the8.be改为is9.genetic改为10.such改为sucha
themselvesgenetically
PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION
16.C17.A18.C19.A20.A
21.A22.C23.B24.C25.A
26.D27.A28.C29.C30.D
31.B32.D33.D34.C35.A
36.A37.D38.C39.D40.A
PARTIVTRANSLATION
SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISH
Hastyasitwas,theshortvisittoTaiwanwithanaimofinterchangehasenabledustosee
quiteafewplaces,meetoldfriendsandmakenewones.Whenwecametogether,amajor
topicwetalkedaboutwastheprosperityoftheChinesenationinthecoming21stcentury.
AlthoughtheyouthinMainlandandinTaiwanarelivingindifferentsocialcircumstances
andhavedifferentlifeexperiences,theirheartsareallimprintedwiththesplendidtradition
oftheChinesecivilizationandfilledwiththecommonidealtoinvigoratetheChinesenation.
Atthegreatmeetingtimeoftwocenturies,ourmotherlandisheadingforprosperityandis
becomingstrongerandstronger,andtheexchangebetweenthetwosidesofTaiwan
Straitswillpromotetheircontactsandworktogethertorealizethereunificationoftheir
motherlandassoonaspossible.Thepreciousopportunityandgreatchallengeattheturn
ofthecenturieswillpushtheyoungpeopletothefrontofthehistory.Whatattitudeshould
beadoptedbytheyoungergenerationattheturnofthecenturiestousherinthenew
centuryofhope?Thisisthequestionthatwemustanswer.
SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESE
然而,谈到美国文学,我们不能断言它与欧洲文学完全不同。从广义上说,美国与欧洲并驾齐驱。在
任何特定的时候,旅行者都可以发现两地有着相同的建筑、相同式样的服装、相同的书籍。思想观点如
同人和商品一样,自由地穿过大西洋,虽然有时会慢些。当我谈及美国的人习惯、思维等方面时,我打
算使用某种限定性的词语,因为美欧(尤其是英美)之间的差别通常只是程度上的差别,有时差别甚微。
差别的程度是一种微妙的事情,它能使看着美国的英国人困惑不解。他看到的这个国家在某些重要意义
上源于自己的国家,在很多方面又酷似自己的国家,但他又不是自己的国家。两地有奇怪的相似处,又
有突然的陌生感。例如,当我们和街道对面的人打招呼时,他却一脸茫然,此时才觉察到我们把陌生人
当成了朋友。疏远之感立刻取代了亲密的感觉。
PARTVWRITING
OneMajorProblemintheProcessofUrbanization
Fromtheancienttimeuntilnow,economyhasalwaysbeenregardedasthefoundation
ofallothermatters.Nowadays,itiseasierforonetosensetheurgencyofeconomic
development.Asaresult,existingcitiesaregrowingbiggerandbiggerandnewcitiesare
appearing.Obviously,developingeconomybringspeopleabigprofit.However,some
problemsemerge.Inmyopinion,pollutionisamajorproblem.
Everydaypeoplegothroughcars,buses,trucksandothervehicleswhichgiveoutalot
ofpoisonousgas.Intheofficebuilding,peoplearenearlyclosedinatin.Dayandnight,
peoplearesurroundedbycentralair-conditioners.Freshairisnotallowedin.Whafsmore,
thereappearalotoffactorieswithlargechimneys.Somechemicalgasescomeoutintothe
airconstantly.Thewastegasfurtherworsenstheairquality.
Inthepast,birdchipping,beehummingandotherpleasantsoundcouldbeheard.Now
treesarecutdown,fieldsarecoveredandanimalshavenohomeland.Onthecontrary,
machineshowl,vehicleshornandpeoplequarrel.Onehearsnothingbutnoise.Thenoise
botherspeople'smindandinterrupttheharmoniouslivingspace.
Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,people'slifetempoisgrowingfasterandfasterin
accordancewiththerapidgoingofmachine.Peoplehavenomoretimetothinkofothers,
andtheyonlycareaboutthemselves.Theycandiscardrubbishanywhere.Theyturnthe
radioupenoughtobeunbearabletoothers.Theycanfightagainstothersviolentlyinorder
torelaxtheirbusynerves.
Tosumup,theurbanizationhasalotofnegativeeffects.Hereonlypollutioninair,noise
andmindarelisted.Besideseconomicprofit,otherelementssuchaslivingenvironment
shouldbetakenintoconsiderationbasedonalong-timedevelopment.
参考答案(1999)
PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION
l.C2.D3.A4.B5.A
6.C7.B8.D9.A10.D
ll.A12.A13.B14.B15.D
SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING
(1)known(2).save(3).expensive(4).match(5).image
(6).media(7).cosmeticsdrinks(8).favorably(9).conditioning(10).expensive
PARTIIPROOFREADINGANDERRORCORRECTION
l.as改为like2.supplementing改为3.and改为or4.in改为on5.as改为while
supplemented
6删掉for7.despiteof改为despite8.half改为half9.If改为ThoughlO.healthier改为a
thathealthier
PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION
16.A17.B18.D19.B20.A
21.C22.A23.B24.C25.D
26.A27.B28.C29.A30.D
31.D32.C33.B34.A35.D
36.B37.B38.D39.D40.C
PARTIVTRANSLATION
SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISH
ThegloryofVancouverhasbeenachievedthroughthewisdomandtheindustryofthe
Vancouverpeople,includingthecontributionsofmanyethnicgroups.Canada,sparsely
populated,hasaterritorylargerthanthatofChina,butitspopulationisonlylessthan30
million.Consequently,toattractingimmigrantsfromothercountrieshasbecomea
nationalpolicylongpracticed/followed/cherishedbyCanada.AllCanadiansexceptthe
AmericanIndians,sotospeak,areforeignimmigrants,differingonlyinthelengthoftime
theyhavesettledinCanada.Vancouver,inparticular,isoneofthefewmostcelebrated
multi-ethniccitiesintheworld.Amongthe1.8millionVancouverresidents,halfofthem
arenon-nativesandoneoutofeveryfourresidentsisfromAsia.The250,000Chinese
therehaveplayedadecisiveroleinthetransformationofVancouver*seconomy.Halfof
themhavecometosettleinVancouveroverthepastfiveyearsonly,renderingVancouver
thelargestareaoutsideAsiawheretheChineseinhabit
SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESE
止匕外,有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处,这便是:生儿育女是为了维系或改善婚姻:能拴住
丈夫或者使妻子不致于无所事事;修复或重振婚姻;多子多孙,以为家庭幸福惟有此法。这一点更可以
由其反面得到昭示:在某些社会中,无法生儿育女(或无法生育男孩)对婚姻而言是一种威胁,还可
作为离婚的现成借口。
后代对于家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此。对许多人来说,夫妻两人尚不足以构成一
个真正意义上的家庭——夫妻需要孩子来丰富其两人小天地,赋予该小天地以真正意义上的家庭性质,
并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。
孩子需要家庭,但家庭似乎也需要孩子。家庭作为一种社会机构,以其特有的方式,至少从原则上说,
可在一个变幻莫测、常常是充满敌意的世界中让人从中获取某种安全、慰藉、保障,以及价值取向。
PARTVWRITING
CompetitionorCo-operation
Somepeopleclaimthatcompetitionismoreimportantthanco-operationinthe
present-daysociety.Idon,tagreewiththem.Ithinkco-operationismoreimportantthan
competitionbecausenotonlypeoplecanfulfilltoday*scomplexandhigh-techworkbetter
byco-operatingwitheachother,butalsoco-operationhelpstoformfinepublicmoralsin
thepresent-daysociety.
First,co-operationcanproducebetterworkeffect.Nowmostworkismoredifficultand
complicatedthanbefore.Itrequiresalltypesofknowledgeindifferentfields.Eventhe
personwhoisprovedtobeoutstandinginfiercecompetitioncan'tdoitonlybyhimself.
Afterall,one*sabilityislimited.Hecan*tmasteralltheknowledgeintheworld.Inthiscase,
peoplehadbetterco-operate;andeachoneappliesknowledgeinhismajor.However,if
peoplecompeteagainsteachother,workcanjustbedone.Thequalityofworkisuncertain.
Second,co-operationcandogoodtotheformingofaunitedandfraternalsocial
environment.Whenpeopleco-operate,theyhavethesamegoal.Intheprocessof
overcomingdifficulties,eachofthemuseshisownmerittocompensateforothers'
defects.Andtheyencourageeachothertostrivefortheircommonaim.Byandby,their
relationshipbecomescloseandfriendly.Bycontrast,competitioncausesegoism.Thefinal
resultofcompetitionistosortouttheonlybestonebyeliminatingalltheothers.Sothis
makeseverycompetitorhopethathehimselfisbetterthananyother.Unavoidablyhe
won'thelpothersmakeprogressbecausehe'safraidthathewillbesurpassed.Inthisway,
hetendstothinkonlyforhimself,notforothersatall.Egoismappears.
Inaword,co-operationismoreimportantthancompetitioninthepresent-daysocietyfor
thesakeofgoodworkeffectandhighmoralatmosphere.
参考答案(2000)
PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION
l.B2.D3.A4.A5.C
6.D7.B8.B9.C10.D
ll.D12.C13.D14.C15.A
SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING
(1)talk(2).share(3).subject(4).knowledge(5).theme
(6).speaking(7).comfort(8).short(9).shortest(10).success
PARTIIPROOFREADINGANDERRORCORRECTION
L删掉the2.but改为and3.in改为to4.misled改为5.faraway改为far
misleading
6.single改为only7.as改为in8.mean改为means9.have改为havesuchlO.number改为deal
PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION
16.B17.A18.D19.C20.D
21.D22.B23.D24.C25.B
26.C27.A28.C29.D30.C
31.C32.D33.A34.B35.D
36.A37.A38.B39.C40.B
PARTIVTRANSLATION
SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISH
Thefirst-generationmuseumsintheworldaremuseumsofnaturalhistory.Withfossils
andspecimenstheyintroducetopeopletheevolutionoftheearthandvariousliving
organismsonit.Thesecond-generationmuseumsarethoseofindustrialtechnology.Fruits
ofvariousstagesofindustrialcivilizationareondisplayhere.Althoughthesetwo
generationsofmuslinshaveplayedtheroleofspreadingscientificknowledge,theyregard
visitorsaspassivespectators.
Theworld'sthird-generationmuseumsarefullofcompletelynewconcepts.Here
visitorscancarryoutoperationsandcarefulobservationsthemselves.Inthiswaythey
comeclosertoadvancedachievementsinscienceandtechnologysoastoprobetheir
mystery.
SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESE
提起英年“早逝”,人们或有所指。人们定会相信有些人死亡的时刻更为适宜。寿终正寝极少称为“早逝”。
长寿即意味着生命之完整。但英年早逝常令人感到逝者美好时光尚未到来,一生之评说尚未做出。然而,
历史却否认这点,提起杰出的早逝者,人们定会亿起玛丽莲•梦露和詹姆士•迪恩。两人生命短暂,却完美
无缺。诗人约翰•济慈26岁与世长辞,作家们对此难以接受。而他们自己过了26岁时却只能半开玩笑
地认为今生今世无所作为。生命短暂即未成果这一观念荒谬无理。生命的价值取决于它留给世界的印象、
它的贡献及它的美德。
PARTVWRITING
EducationasaLifelongProcess
Wheneducationismentioned,wecaneasilythinkofschool,collegesandyoungpeople.
Infact,educationissoimportantinmodernsocietythatitcanbeviewedasalifelong
process.
First,ifstherequirementoffast-developingsociety,toaccepteducationdespiteofyour
age.Ourworldischangingdramaticallywiththedevelopmentofnewscienceand
technology.Apersonwhocompletedhiseducationatschoolin70sor80smayhave
encounterednewproblemswhenheisworkingnow.Theproblemsmighthavesomething
todowithhismajororotheraspects.Forexampleanaccountantnowmustmasterthe
skillsofaccountingthroughcomputers,whichisthebasictoolsforhim,soheshouldalso
learnhowtoapplyhisjobinacomputer.Nomatterhowoldishe.
Secondly,educationcreateshumancharacterandmoralities.Througheducation,
youthmaylearnhowtomakecontributionstotheworld.Andtheoldmaylearnnewthings
toenrichtheirlives.Througheducation,ahealthypersoncanbecomestrongeranda
disabledpersoncanhaveanewhopeonhislife.Mancanfindgreatpleasurebyaccepting
education.
Thirdly,ourmodemsocietyhasprovidedeveryonethechancetoaccepteducation.As
longasyouwishyoucouldgeteducationbyattendingnight-schools,adultcolleges,
trainingcentersandevenlong-distanceeducationthroughInternetandTV.
Inoneword,knowledgeislimitless.Andlifeislimited.Soeducationisalifelong
process.
参考答案(2001)
PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION
l.A2.C3.D4.D5.C
6.B7.D8.B9.C10.A
ll.C12.A13.B14.C15.C
SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING
(1)symbolic(2).reference(3).reporters(4).format(5).disadvantage
(6).component(7).competence(8).verbal(9).nature(10).asking
PARTIIPROOFREADINGANDERRORCORRECTION
l.as改为so2.increasing改为3.so改为but4删掉shortly5.rich改为richer
increasingly
6.asked改为asked7.involving改为involved8.life改为living9.handle改为deal10.total改为whole
for
PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION
16.D17.B18.A19.D20.C
21.A22.B23.D24.B25.A
26.C27.B28.D29.C30.A
31.A32.D33.C34.A35.B
36.D37.D38.B39.A40.B
PARTIVTRANSLATION
SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISH
QiaoYutooktofishinginhisoldage.Hesaid:"Wherethereisfishandwater,thereis
goodenvironment,andgoodenvironmentfillsone'sheartwithjoy(makesonefeel
delighted,delightseveryone,givesdelighttoeveryone).Ithinkthebestplaceforfishing
isnotacomfortableman-madefish-pondwherehungryfishareready(provided)foryou,
butanenchantingplaceinthewildwhereeverythingisnatural."Fishing(Angling)isa
gamethatcanhelpimproveone'stemperament(character).Itisgoodformentaland
bodilyhealth.QiaoYusaid:"Fishingfallsintothreestages.Thefirststageisjustforeating
fish.Thesecondstageisforeatingfishandforenjoyingthepleasureoffishingaswell.
(Thesecondstageisforenjoyingthepleasureoffishingaswellaseatingfish.)Thethird
stageismainlyforthepleasureoffishingfacingapoolofgreenwater,onecasts(throws)
asideallanxietiesandworriesandenjoys(takes)agoodrest,bothmentalandphysical.s,
SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESE
梭罗所理解的“低层次”,即为了拥有而去拥有,或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。他心目中的“高层
次”,则是这样一种积极的人生戒律,即要使自己对自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。对于他从低层次上
节省下来的时间和精力,他可将其致力于对高层次的追求。勿庸置疑,梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿,但他在膳
食方面所投入的精力仅果腹而已,只要可确保他能去从事更为重要的事务,他便别无所求。
付出努力才是其本质所在,除非我们终生与困难为伴,否则就无幸福可谈。正如济慈所言,除去不可
能做的事,我们一生获得的满足有多大,取决于我们选择的困难有多强。罗伯特•福剂罗斯特谈到“苦中
求乐”时,也有异曲同工之理。就通常宣传的幸福而言,其致命弱点在于声称不用付出努力即可获得幸
福。
我们甚至在竞赛中寻求困难。我们需要困难,因为没有困难也就无所谓竞赛,竞赛是制造困难以求得
乐趣之道。竞赛规则就是任意强加的困难。违犯竞赛规则就是破坏乐趣。下棋
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