世界知识产权组织 面向知识产权局和法院的替代性争议解决机制 (ADR) 指南（阿拉伯语）

ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ

ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﻲﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮ

ﺩﻟﻴﻞﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ

WIPOlADR

Arbitration

andMediation

center

i

ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪ

ﻻﻳﺨﻠﻮﻋﺎﱂﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝﻣﻦﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ.ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽﻣﻦﺍﺳﺘﺤﺪﺍﺙﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ،ﻭﻳﺮﺍﺩﺑﻬﺎﻫﻨﺎﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﻭﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﺨﱪﺍﺀ،ﺇﻧﻤﺎﻫﻮﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝﺇﱃﺗﺴﻮﻳﺔﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔﳌﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔﻣﻦﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﻣﻦﺩﻭﻥﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀﺇﱃﺍﳌﺤﺎﻛﻢ.

ﻘﻳﻭﻡ

ﻣﺰﻛﺮﻮﺒﻳﻮﻟﺍﻢﻴﻜﺤﺘﻠﻟﺔﻃﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍﻭ

)ﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮ(ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺺﰲﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ

ﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔﻣﻦﺣﻴﺚﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ.ﻭﺗﻐﻄﻲﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎﺍﻟﱵﻳﻨﻈﺮﻓﻴﻬﺎﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﺟﻤﻴﻊﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ،ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑﻓﻴﻬﺎﴍﻛﺎﺕﻛﺒﲑﺓ،ﻭﴍﻛﺎﺕﺻﻐﲑﺓﻭﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ،ﻭﴍﻛﺎﺕﻧﺎﺷﺌﺔﻣﻦﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ،ﻭﻓﻨﺎﻧﲔ،ﻭﻣﺨﱰﻋﲔ،ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰﺑﺤﺚﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ،ﻭﺟﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ،ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕﻣﻌﻨﻴﺔﺑﺈﺩﺍﺭﺓﺣﻖﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ.

ﻭﺇﺫﺗﻘﻮﺩﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﺍﻟﺠﻬﻮﺩﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﻴﺔﺇﱃﻭﺿﻊﻧﻈﺎﻡﺇﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲﻋﺎﳌﻲﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥﻭﻓﻌﺎﻝﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﻣﻦﺷﺄﻧﻪﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻭﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉﻣﻦﺃﺟﻞﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞﺃﻓﻀﻞﻭﺃﻛﱶﺍﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ،ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎﺗﻮﱄﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔﻗﺼﻮﻯﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻧﻬﺎﻣﻊﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﻭﺣﻖﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒﰲﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒﺃﻧﺤﺎﺀﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ.ﻭﰲﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ،ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥﺗﻨﻄﻮﻱﺃﻛﱶﻓﺄﻛﱶﻋﻠﻰﻋﻨﴫﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ.ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖﺃﻭﱃﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﰲﻫﺬﺍﺍﳌﺠﺎﻝﻣﻊﻣﻜﺘﺐﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﰲﻋﺎﻡ2011،ﻭﺑﺎﺕﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡﻣﻊﻣﺤﺎﻛﻢﻭﺃﻛﱶﻣﻦ55ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺎﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ.

ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻼﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕﺍﳌﺘﺴﻊﻟﻬﺬﻩﺍﻟﺠﻬﻮﺩﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻧﻴﺔﻭﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ،ﻳﺴﻠﻂﻫﺬﺍﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀﻋﻠﻰﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﰲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻣﻊﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﻭﺍﳌﺤﺎﻛﻢﻋﻠﻰﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎﰲﻣﺠﺎﻝﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺑﻐﻴﺔﺍﻟﺤﺪﻣﻦﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔﰲﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻭﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ.

ﻭﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﺇﱃﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔﺇﱃﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔﺑﺎﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ،ﺗﻌﺮﺽﻫﺬﻩﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔﻣﻦﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔﻟﻠﱪﺍﻣﺞﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔﺍﳌﺨﺼﺼﺔﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔﺑﺎﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﻟﱵﺿﻌﺖﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥﻣﻊﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﻭﺍﻟﱵﺗﺸﻤﻞﻋﻨﺎﴏﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮﺓﻣﺜﻞﺧﻄﻂﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓﺍﳌﺸﱰﻛﺔ،ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎﻋﱪﺍﻹﻧﱰﻧﺖ،ﻭﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ،ﻓﻀﻼﻋﻦﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺟﻴﺔﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ،ﺑﻤﺎﰲﺫﻟﻚﺑﻨﻮﺩﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀﺇﱃﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ،ﺗﻤﺎﺷﻴﺎﻣﻊﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﺘﴩﻳﻌﻴﺔﺍﻷﻭﺳﻊﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎ.

ﻭﺗﻮﺩﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﺃﻥﺗﻌﺮﺏﻋﻦﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻫﺎﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪﺓﺟﻮﻳﺲﺗﺎﻥﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻧﻬﺎﻣﻊﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﻋﻠﻰﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻫﺬﺍﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ،ﻭﳌﻜﺘﺐﻛﻮﺭﻳﺎﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢﺍﳌﺎﱄﺍﻟﺬﻱﻗﺪﻣﻪﰲﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻫﺬﺍﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞﻭﺍﻟﱰﻭﻳﺞﻟﻪﰲﺇﻃﺎﺭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺪﻭﻕﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻤﺎﱐﺑﲔﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﻭﻣﻜﺘﺐﻛﻮﺭﻳﺎﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ.

ﻣﺎﺭﻛﻮﻡ.ﺃﻟﻴﻤﺎﻥ

ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﳌﺪﻳﺮﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡﻗﻄﺎﻉﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﻭﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔﺍﻹﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔﻟﻼﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ

ii

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ

ُ

ﺃﻋﻫﺬﺍﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢﳌﺤﺔﻋﺎﻣﺔﻋﻦﻣﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ،ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺽﺧﱪﺓﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﰲﺳﻴﺎﻕﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔﻟﻠﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ،ﻭﺍﻗﱰﺍﺡﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕﺍﳌﻬﺘﻤﺔﻣﻦﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﻭﺍﳌﺤﺎﻛﻢﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕﺣﱴﺗﺮﺝﻟﻬﺬﻩﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﻭﺗﺪﻣﺠﻬﺎﰲﻋﺪﺍﺩﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ.ﻭﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﻋﻠﻰﻣﺎﺗﻘﺪﻡ،ﻻﺗﺪﻋﻲﻣﺆﻟﻔﺔﻫﺬﺍﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞﺇﻃﻼﻗﺎﺃﻧﻪﻳﺄﰐﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﻣﺎﻧﻌﺔ،ﻭﺣﺴﺒﻪﺃﻥﻳﻘﺪﻡﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔﻣﺒﺴﻄﺔﳌﻜﺎﺗﺐﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﻭﺍﳌﺤﺎﻛﻢﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕﺍﻟﱵﺗﻨﻈﺮﰲﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎﻭ/ﺃﻭﺗﺤﺴﻴﻨﻬﺎ.

ﻭﻟﻬﺬﻩﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ،ﻳﻘﺪﻡ

ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ1

ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔﻋﻦﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔﻧﺸﺄﺓﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻋﱪﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ،ﺛﻢﻳﻠﻲﰲ

ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ2

ﻭﺻﻒﻟﻠﻤﺰﺍﻳﺎﺍﻟﱵﻳﻤﻜﻦﺃﻥﺗﺘﻴﺤﻬﺎﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ.ﺐﻬﺴﻳﻭ

ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ3

ﰲﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﺍﻟﱵﻗﺪﻳﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥﺑﻬﺎﰲﺗﺴﻮﻳﺔﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ،ﻭﻳﺒﲔ

ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ4

ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔﻗﺪﺗﻔﻴﺪ

ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﻭﺍﳌﺤﺎﻛﻢﺍﻟﱵﻗﺪﺗﺮﻏﺐﰲﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ.ﻭﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖﺍﻟﺠﻮﻫﺮﻱﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﰄﻟﻬﺬﻩﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ،ﺗﺮﻛﺰﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﴏﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔﻣﻦﻫﺬﺍﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞﻋﻠﻰﺃﻭﺟﻪﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏﻣﻊﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺋﺢﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ.

ﻭﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦﺗﺬﻳﻴﻼﺕﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞﳌﺤﺔﻋﺎﻣﺔﻋﻦﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥﺍﻟﱵﺗﺠﻤﻊﺑﲔﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﻭﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﻭﺍﳌﺤﺎﻛﻢ،ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡﻓﻴﻬﺎﻭﺛﺎﺋﻖﻧﻤﻮﺫﺟﻴﺔﺫﺍﺕﺻﻠﺔﻳﻤﻜﻦﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎﻋﻠﻰﺳﺒﻴﻞﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ.

ﻭﺑﻮﺟﻪﻋﺎﻡ،ﱂﻳﺒﺪﺃﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﰲﻣﺠﺎﻝﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﻭﰲﺳﻴﺎﻕﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﺃﻭﺍﳌﺤﺎﻛﻢﺇﻻﻣﻨﺬﻋﻬﺪﻗﺮﻳﺐﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ.ﻭﺗﻬﺪﻑﻫﺬﻩﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔﻣﻦﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞﺇﱃﺇﺑﺮﺍﺯﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﺍﳌﱱﺍﻳﺪﺓﰲﻫﺬﺍﺍﳌﺠﺎﻝ،ﺑﻤﺎﰲﺫﻟﻚﺍﻟﺠﻬﻮﺩﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﻴﺔﺇﱃﺩﻋﻢﺍﻟﴩﻛﺎﺕﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔﰲﻫﺬﺍﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﻥ.ﻭﻳﺆﻣﻞﺃﻥﻳﺘﻴﺢﻫﺬﺍﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞﻣﺮﺟﻌﺎﻣﻔﻴﺪﺍﺗﺴﱰﺷﺪﺑﻪﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﻭﺍﳌﺤﺎﻛﻢﺍﻟﱵﻗﺪﺗﺮﻏﺐﰲﺑﺤﺚﺃﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﺇﺩﻣﺎﺝﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﻛﺨﻴﺎﺭﺑﺪﻳﻞﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺗﻬﺎﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔﺃﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ.

iii

ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒﺑﺎﳌﺆﻟﻔﺔ

ﺟﻮﻳﺲﺃ.ﺗﺎﻥﻣﺤﺎﻣﻴﺔﻣﺮﺍﻓﻌﺎﺕﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔﻟﺪﻯﺍﳌﺤﻜﻤﺔﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎﰲﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ،ﻭﻭﻛﻴﻠﺔﺑﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕﻣﺴﺠﻠﺔﰲﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ،ﻭﻋﻀﻮﺓﰲﻓﺮﻳﻖﺍﻟﺨﱪﺍﺀﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﲔﺍﳌﻌﲏﺑﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔﺗﺴﻮﻳﺔﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺃﺳﻤﺎﺀﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻝﰲﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ،ﻭﻣﺪﺭﺟﺔﰲ

ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﻟﻠﻮﺳﻄﺎﺀﺍﳌﺤﺎﻳﺪﻳﻦ،

ﻭﻋﻀﻮﰲ

ﻟﺠﻨﺔﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻳﺔﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ،

ﻭﻭﺳﻴﻄﺔﴍﻳﻜﺔﰲﻣﺮﻛﺰﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓﻟﻠﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔﻭﻛﺎﺗﺒﺔﻋﺪﻝﰲﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ،ﻭﻣﻮﺛﻘﺔﻋﻘﻮﺩﰲﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ،ﻭﻫﻲﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ)ﻛﻌﻀﻮﻏﲑﻣﻤﺎﺭﺱ(ﰲﺳﺠﻞﻣﺤﺎﻣﻲﻧﻘﺎﺑﺔﺇﻧﻜﻠﱰﺍﻭﻭﻳﻠﺰ.

ﻭﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪﺓﺗﺎﻥﻣﻜﺘﺐﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔﻳﻬﺘﻢﺑﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕﺍﻟﴩﻛﺎﺕﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓﺍﳌﺤﻠﻴﺔﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮﺓﻟﻠﺤﺪﻭﺩ،ﻭﻟﻪﺳﺠﻞ

ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔﻋﺘﻴﺪﺧﺎﺻﺔﰲﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻂﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡﻭﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ،ﺑﻤﺎﰲﺫﻟﻚﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀﺍﳌﴩﻭﻋﺎﺕﻭﻧﻤﺎﺫﺝﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﺓ،ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔﺑﺎﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﺃﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ،ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﰲﺃﺳﻬﻢﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻔﺎﺕﺍﻻﺳﱰﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔﻭﺍﳌﴩﻭﻋﺎﺕﺍﳌﺸﱰﻛﺔ،ﻭﺣﻴﺎﺯﺓﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﻭﺃﺻﻮﻝﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔﻭﺍﻟﺘﴫﻑﻓﻴﻬﺎﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻟﻬﺎﻭﺍﻟﱰﺧﻴﺺﻟﻬﺎ.ﻭﻗﺪﺷﺎﺭﻛﺖﰲﺗﺴﻮﻳﺔﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎﻣﻌﺮﻭﺿﺔﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﺑﺼﻔﺔﻭﺳﻴﻄﺔﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﺓﻟﻸﻃﺮﺍﻑ،ﺑﻤﺎﰲﺫﻟﻚﰲﺳﻴﺎﻕﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﺿﺔﻋﻠﻰﻣﻜﺘﺐﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ.

ﺍﳌﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ

iﺪﻴﻬﻤﺗ

iiﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ

iiiﺔﻔﻟﺆﳌﺎﺑﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ

1 ﺔﻴﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗﺓﺬﺒﻧ-1ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ

1 ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎﻭﺑﺪﺍﻳﺎﺕﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﻧﺸﺄﺓ1.1

1 ﺔﻃﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ

1.1.1

1 ﻢﻴﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ2.1.1

2.1ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺎﺕﺗﺮﺳّﺦﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﰲﺇﻃﺎﺭﻣﺆﺳﴘﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻬﺎ 2

2 ﺔﻃﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ1.2.1

2 ﻢﻴﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ2.2.1

3 ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍﱪﻋﺕﺎﻋﺍﲋﻟﺍﺔﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺔﻠﻳﺪﺒﻟﺍﻞﺒﺴﻟﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ3.1

1.3.1ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﻭﺗﺤﻮﻟﻬﺎﺇﱃﺑﺪﻳﻞﻟﻠﺘﻘﺎﴈ 3

4 ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍﺔﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺔﻠﻳﺪﺒﻟﺍﻞﺒﺴﻟﺍﺔﳌﻮﻋ2.3.1

6 ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍﺪﻬﺸﳌﺍﻭﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍﺕﺎﻬﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ3.3.1

6 ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍﺔﻴﻜﻠﳌﺍﻝﺎﺠﻣﰲﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍﺔﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺔﻠﻳﺪﺑﻞﺒﺳﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ4.1

6 ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍﺢﺋﺍﻮﻠﻟﺍﻭﻣﺎﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻﺍﺕﺎﻳﺍﺪﺑ1.4.1

7ﻮﺒﻳﻮﻟﺍﺰﻛﺮﻣ2.4.1

9ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍﺔﻴﻜﻠﳌﺍﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﻣﺔﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺔﻠﻳﺪﺒﻟﺍﻞﺒﺴﻟﺍﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ-2ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ

9ﻓﺎﺮﻃﻷﺍﺔﻴﻟﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ1.2

9ﰄﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﻻﺍﰲﺩﺎﻴﺣ؛ﺪﻴﺣﻭﺭﺎﺴﻣ2.2

10ﺔﻠﻘﺘﺴﻣﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣﺓﱪﺧ3.2

11ﺔﻧﻭﺮﳌﺍ؛ﺔﻃﺎﺴﺒﻟﺍ4.2

11ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍﲑﻓﻮﺗ5.2

12ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺘﻟﺍﰲﺗﺎﺭﻮﻓﻭ6.2

12ﺔﻳﴪﻟﺍ7.2

13 ﰄﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍﻊﺑﺎﻄﻟﺍ8.2

13 ﺫﺎﻔﻧﻹﺍﺔﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ9.2

14 ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣﻝﻮﻠﺣ10.2

15 ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍﺔﻴﻜﻠﳌﺍﺐﺗﺎﻜﻣﺎﻬﻨﻣﺪﻴﻔﺘﺴﺗﺓﺩﺪﺤﻣﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ11.2

ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ3-ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﻟﱵﻳﺘﻢﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎﰲﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ 17

17 ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍﺪﻬﺸﳌﺍﻭﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍﺕﺎﻬﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ1.3

18 ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍﺔﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺔﻠﻳﺪﺒﻟﺍﻞﺒﺴﻟﺍﰲﺔﻌﺒﺘﳌﺍﺞﻬﻨﻟﺍ2.3

18ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﳌﺍﻰﻠﻋﻢﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍﺭﺎﺴﳌﺍ1.2.3

18ﺔﻴﺻﻮﺘﻟﺍﻰﻠﻋﻢﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍﺭﺎﺴﳌﺍ2.2.3

19ﻡﺎﻜﺣﻷﺍﻰﻠﻋﻢﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍﺭﺎﺴﳌﺍ3.2.3

19ﺔﻃﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ3.3

19ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ1.3.3

19ﺔﻃﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ2.3.3

21ﻫﺮﻭﺩﻭﻂﻴﺳﻮﻟﺍﲔﻴﻌﺗ3.3.3

21ﺔﻃﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍﲑﺳ4.3.3

22ﺔﻃﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍﺔﻳﻮﺴﺗﺫﺎﻔﻧﺇ5.3.3

23ﺔﻃﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍﻰﻠﻋﻓﺎﴍﻹﺍ6.3.3

24ﺔﻃﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍﱃﺇﺀﻮﺠﻠﻟﺍﻂﻤﻧ7.3.3

25ﺀﺍﱪﺨﻟﺍﺗﺎﺭﺍﺮﻗ4.3

ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ1.4.3

26 ﺀﺍﱪﺨﻟﺍﺗﺎﺭﺍﺮﻗﻥﺄﺸﺑﻕﺎﻔﺗﻻﺍ2.4.3

27 ﻫﺮﻭﺩﻭﲑﺒﺨﻟﺍﲔﻴﻌﺗ3.4.3

27 ﺀﺍﱪﺨﻟﺍﺗﺎﺭﺍﺮﻗﺀﺍﺮﺟ4.4.3

27 ﺀﺍﱪﺨﻟﺍﺗﺎﺭﺍﺮﻗﻰﻠﻋﻓﺎﴍﻹﺍ5.4.3

6.4.3ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻡﺇﱃﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﺨﱪﺍﺀﰲﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ 28

28 ﻢﻴﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ5.3

28ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ1.5.3

29 ﻢﻴﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ2.5.3

29 ﻢﻴﻜﺤﺘﻠﻟﱐﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ3.5.3

30ﻢﻴﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ4.5.3

31ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩﻭﺔﻴﻤﻴﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍﺔﺌﻴﻬﻟﺍﲔﻴﻌﺗ5.5.3

31 ﻢﻴﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍﲑﺳ6.5.3

32 ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍﺗﺎﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ7.5.3

33 ﻢﻴﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍﻰﻠﻋﻓﺎﴍﻹﺍ8.5.3

33 ﻢﻴﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍﱃﺇﺀﻮﺠﻠﻟﺍﻂﻤﻧ9.5.3

ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ4-ﺗﺮﺳﻴﺦﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀﺇﱃﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﰲﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ 35

35 ﺔﻣﺪﻗ1.4

ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍﺔﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺔﻠﻳﺪﺒﻟﺍﻞﺒﺴﻟﺍﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗﺹﺮﻓ 2.4

35

38 ﻯﺮﺧﺃﺗﺎﺀﺍﺮﺟﺇﻭﺃﺔﻤﻜﺤﻣﻭﺃﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻠﻟﺐﺘﻜﻣﻊﻣﻂﺑﺮﻟﺍ3.4

39 ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍﺔﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺔﻠﻳﺪﺒﻟﺍﻞﺒﺴﻟﺍﺭﺎﺴﻣﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ4.4

39 ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍﺔﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺔﻠﻳﺪﺒﻟﺍﻞﺒﺴﻠﻟﺭﺎﺴﻣﱃﺇﻡﺎﻜﺘﺣﻻﺍ5.4

40 ﻞﻳﻮﻤﺘﻟﺍ6.4

40ﻲﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍﻞﻳﻮﻤﺘﻟﺍ1.6.4

40ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻡﻮﺳﺮﻟﺍ2.6.4

41ﲔﻴﻨﻬﳌﺍﻡﻮﺳﺭ3.6.4

41ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺘﻟﺍﺪﺸﺣ7.4

41ﺭﺎﺴﳌﺍ1.7.4

42ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍﺔﻠﻋﺎﻔﻟﺍﺕﺎﻬﺠﻟﺍﺭﺍﻭﺩﺃ2.7.4

43ﺕﺎﻈﺣﻼﳌﺍﺀﺍﺪﺑﺇﻭﺭﻭﺎﺸﺘﻟﺍ8.4

44ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺨﻟﺍﻞﺻﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ9.4

45ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍﺔﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺔﻠﻳﺪﺒﻟﺍﻞﺒﺴﻟﺍﻮﻴﻨﻬﻣ10.4

46ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ1.10.4

46ﺓﺩﻮﺠﻟﺍﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ2.10.4

47ﺓﺭﺎﺷﻹﺍﻦﻫﺭﻥﻮﻴﻨﻬﻣ3.10.4

47ﱐﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ11.4

47ﻥﺎﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍﻭﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ1.11.4

48ﺕﺎﻴﺣﻼﺼﻠﻟﺔﻟﻮﺨﳌﺍﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍﺢﺋﺍﻮﻠﻟﺍﻭﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ2.11.4

48ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﺔﻴﺘﺤﺘﻟﺍﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ12.4

49ﺭﻮﻬﻤﺠﻟﺍﺔﻘﺛ13.4

49ﻢﻬﺘﻴﻟﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍﻭﻦﻳﺪﻳﺎﺤﳌﺍﺀﺎﻄﺳﻮﻟﺍﺩﺎﻴﺣ1.13.4

49ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍﺔﻳﴎ2.13.4

50ﺀﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺷ3.13.4

50ﺎﻳﺍﺰﳌﺍﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ4.13.4

50ﻳﺮﻭﺪﻟﺍﺿﺎﺮﻌﺘﺳﻻﺍ14.4

51ﻢﻛﺎﺤﳌﺍﻭﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍﺔﻴﻜﻠﳌﺍﺐﺗﺎﻜﻣﻊﻣﻮﺒﻳﻮﻟﺍﺰﻛﺮﻣﻧﻮﺎﻌﺗ-ﻒﻟﺃﻞﻴﻳﺬﺘﻟﺍ

51ﺔﻣﺎﻋﺔﺤﳌ1-ﻒﻟﺃ

61ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍﺔﻴﻜﻠﳌﺍﺐﺗﺎﻜﻣﻊﻣﻮﺒﻳﻮﻟﺍﺰﻛﺮﻣﻧﻮﺎﻌﺗﻰﻠﻋﺔﻠﺜﻣﺃ2-ﻒﻟﺃ

61ﺔﻠﻳﺪﺒﻟﺍﻞﺒﺴﻟﺍﺗﺎﺭﺎﻴﺨﺑﻲﻋﻮﻟﺍﺀﺎﻛﺫﺇ1-2-ﻒﻟﺃ

61 ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻠﻟﺎﻴﻟﺍﱰﺳﺃﺐﺘﻜﻣ1-1-2-ﻒﻟﺃ

62 (HIPO)ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻠﻟﺎﻳﺭﺎﻐﻨﻫﺐﺘﻜﻣ2-1-2-ﻒﻟﺃ

63 (ORDA)ﻒﻟﺆﳌﺍﻖﺤﻟﺎﻴﻧﺎﻣﻭﺭﺐﺘﻜﻣ3-1-2-ﻒﻟﺃ

64 ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻠﻟﺎﻴﺑﴏﺐﺘﻜﻣ4-1-2-ﻒﻟﺃ

ﺃﻟﻒ-2-1-5ﺳﺒﻞﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓﺍﻟﴩﻛﺎﺕﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ 65

ﻒﻟﺃ-2-1-6ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﻟﺪﻋﻢﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ)TISC( 66

67 ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ2-2-ﻒﻟﺃ

67 (SIC)ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍﻭﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍﻰﻠﻋﻓﺎﴍﻹﺍﺔﺌﻴﻫ1-2-2-ﻒﻟﺃ

68 (INDAUTOR)ﻚﻴﺴﻜﳌﺍﰲﻒﻟﺆﳌﺍﻖﺤﻟﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍﺪﻬﻌﳌﺍ2-2-2-ﻒﻟﺃ

ﻒﻟﺃ-2-2-3ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ)OMPIC( 69

70 ﻒﻟﺆﳌﺍﻖﺤﻟﺔﻳﲑﺠﻴﻨﻟﺍﺔﻴﺿﻮﻔﳌﺍ4-2-2-ﻒﻟﺃ

71 (IPOPHL)ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻠﻟﲔﺒﻠﻔﻟﺍﺐﺘﻜﻣ5-2-2-ﻒﻟﺃ

73 ﺗﺎﺀﺍﱪﻠﻟﺍﺪﻨﻟﻮﺑﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﺟﺐﺘﻜﻣ6-2-2-ﻒﻟﺃ

75 ﺎﻳﺭﻮﻛﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﺟﰲ(MCST)ﺔﺣﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭﺔﺿﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍﻭﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ7-2-2-ﻒﻟﺃ

76 (IPOS)ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻠﻟﺓﺭﻮﻓﺎﻐﻨﺳﺐﺘﻜﻣ8-2-2-ﻒﻟﺃ

ﻒﻟﺃ-2-2-9ﻣﻜﺘﺐﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓﻟﻠﱪﺍﺀﺍﺕﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ)USPTO( 78

79 ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍﻭﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍﺟﺬﺎﻤﻧﺕﺎﻗﺎﻔﺗﺍﰲﺔﻠﻳﺪﺒﻟﺍﻞﺒﺴﻟﺍﺗﺎﺭﺎﻴﺧ3-2-ﻒﻟﺃ

ﻒﻟﺃ-2-3-1ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐﺍﻹﺳﺒﺎﱐﻟﻠﱪﺍﺀﺍﺕﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ)OEPM( 79

80 ﻢﻛﺎﺤﳌﺍﻊﻣﻮﺒﻳﻮﻟﺍﺰﻛﺮﻣﻧﻮﺎﻌﺗﻰﻠﻋﺔﻠﺜﻣﺃ3-ﻒﻟﺃ

ﺃﻟﻒ-3-1ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎﰲﺍﻟﺼﲔﻭﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔﺷﻨﻐﻬﺎﻱﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ 80

82 ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍﺦﻴﻧﻮﻴﻣﺔﻤﻜﺤﻣ2-3-ﻒﻟﺃ

83 ﻮﺒﻳﻮﻟﺍﺰﻛﺮﻣﻊﺟﺍﺮﻣ-ﺀﺎﺑﻞﻴﻳﺬﺘﻟﺍ

83 ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍﺔﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺔﻠﻳﺪﺒﻟﺍﻞﺒﺴﻟﺎﺑﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍﻮﺒﻳﻮﻟﺍﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ1-ﺀﺎﺑ

83ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺘﻟﺍﻭﺏﺎﻌﺗﻷﺍﻭﻡﻮﺳﺮﻠﻟﻮﺒﻳﻮﻟﺍﻟﻮﺪﺟ2-ﺀﺎﺑ

83ﺔﻃﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ1-2-ﺀﺎﺑ

84ﻢﻴﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭﻞﺠﻌﳌﺍﻢﻴﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ2-2-ﺀﺎﺑ

85ﺀﺍﱪﺨﻟﺍﺗﺎﺭﺍﺮﻗ3-2-ﺀﺎﺑ

85ﻮﺒﻳﻮﻟﺍﺭﺎﻃﺇﰲﺔﻠﻳﺪﺒﻟﺍﻞﺒﺴﻠﻟﺔﻴﺟﺫﻮﻤﻧﺕﺎﻗﺎﻔﺗﺍﻭﺩﻮﻨﺑ3-ﺀﺎﺑ

86 ﻮﺒﻳﻮﻟﺍﺩﻮﻨﺑﺪﻟﻮﻣ1-3-ﺀﺎﺑ

87 ﻮﺒﻳﻮﻟﺍﺔﻃﺎﺳﻮﻟﻳﺪﺎﺣﻷﺍﺐﻠﻄﻟﺍ2-3-ﺀﺎﺑ

88 ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺔﻴﻧﻭﱰﻜﻟﻹﺍﻮﺒﻳﻮﻟﺍﺗﺎﻭﺩﺃ.4-ﺀﺎﺑ

ﺑﺎﺀ-5.ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔﺍﻟﱵﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ 89

1

ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ1-ﻧﺏﺬﺓﺗﺎﺭﺨﺔ

1.1ﻧﺸﺄﺓﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﻭﺑﺪﺍﻳﺎﺕﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ

1.1.1ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ

ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﻏﲑﺭﺳﻤﻲﻳﻘﻮﻡﻓﻴﻪﻃﺮﻑﻣﺤﺎﻳﺪ،ﺃﻱﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ،ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓﻃﺮﰲﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺔﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞﺇﱃﺗﺴﻮﻳﺘﻬﺎ،ﺑﻤﺎﻳﺮﺍﻋﻲﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢﻛﻞﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ،ﻛﻤﺎﻫﻮﻣﺒﲔﺑﻤﺰﻳﺪﻣﻦﺍﻟﰲﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ

3.3.

ﻭﻟﻬﺎﺟﺬﻭﺭﺿﺎﺭﺑﺔﰲﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪﺍﻟﱵﺳﺎﺩﺕﰲﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕﻣﺤﻠﻴﺔﰲﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒﺑﻠﺪﺍﻥﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ.ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖﺃﻭﱃﻣﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎﻋﻠﻰﺯﻋﻴﻢﻭﺟﻴﻪﰲﺍﳌﺠﺘﻤﻊﺍﳌﺤﻠﻲ،ﻳﻘﺪﻡﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺗﻪﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍﺇﱃﻗﻴﻢﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻪﺍﳌﺤﻠﻲﻭﻳﻘﻨﻊﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑﺍﳌﺘﻨﺎﺯﻋﺔﺑﺤﻞﺧﻼﻓﺎﺗﻬﺎﻭﺩﻳﺎ.1ﻭﻗﺪﺛﻘﺖﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪﻣﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔﰲﻛﻞﻣﻦﺃﻟﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ2ﻭﺑﻮﺭﻭﻧﺪﻱ3ﻭﺍﻟﺼﲔ4ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ5ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺒﲔﻭﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺎﻛﻮﺭﻳﺎﻭﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ6.

ﻭﺳﺎﻫﻤﺖﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔﺃﻳﻀﺎﰲﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔﰲﺭﻭﻣﺎﻭﺇﻧﻜﻠﱰﺍﺍﻷﻧﻐﻠﻮ-ﺳﻜﺴﻮﻧﻴﺔ.ﻓﻔﻲﺭﻭﻣﺎﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ،ﻳﺒﺪﻭﺃﻥﺃﺣﺪﴐﻭﺏﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔﻛﺎﻥﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔﺍﳌﻔﻀﻠﺔﰲﺣﻞﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ؛ﻭﻛﺎﻥﻟﻬﺬﺍﺍﻟﻨﻬﺞﻋﻈﻴﻢﺍﻷﺛﺮﻋﻠﻰﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ

ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔﰲﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻳﺔ،ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔﰲﺍﻟﻨﻤﺴﺎﻭﺃﳌﺎﻧﻴﺎﻭﺳﻮﻳﴪﺍ.7ﻭﰲﺇﻧﻜﻠﱰﺍﺍﻷﻧﻐﻠﻮ-ﺳﻜﺴﻮﻧﻴﺔ،ﻛﺎﻥﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓﻭﺍﳌﺤﻜﻮﻥ

ﻳﺸﺠﻌﻮﻥﻃﺮﰲﺍﻟﲋﺍﻉﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺽﻋﻠﻰﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕﻟﻠﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺑﻌﺪﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭﺣﻜﻤﻬﻢﺑﺸﺄﻥﺍﻷﺳﺲﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ،ﻟﻜﻦﻗﺒﻞﺃﻥﻳﺼﲑﺣﻜﻤﻬﻢﻣﱪﻣﺎ.ﻭﻛﺎﻥﻠﺠﺄﺇﱃﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔﰲﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪﺓﻭﻗﺘﺌﺬﻟﺼﻮﻥﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔﺑﲔﺍﳌﺘﻨﺎﺯﻋﲔﻭﺇﻋﻤﺎﻝﺣﻠﻮﻝﺳﻠﻤﻴﺔﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ.8

2.1.1ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢ

ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢ،ﻛﻤﺎﻳﺮﺩﴍﺣﻪﺑﻤﺰﻳﺪﻣﻦﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞﰲﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ

5.3

،ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﻳﻌﺮﺽﻓﻴﻪﻃﺮﻓﺎﻥﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺘﻬﻤﺎﻋﻠﻰﻣﺤﻜﻭﺍﺣﺪﺃﻭﻣﺤﻜﻤﲔﻣﻦﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﻤﺎ،ﻻﺳﺘﺼﺪﺍﺭﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻠﺰﻡﻭﻧﻬﺎﰄﻣﻊﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓﺣﻘﻮﻕﻭﻭﺍﺟﺒﺎﺕﻛﻞﻃﺮﻑ.ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻤﺪﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﺟﺬﻭﺭﻩﻣﻦﻣﺴﺎﺭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﴈﺍﻟﺬﻱﻛﺎﻥﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﻠﺠﺆﻭﻥﺇﻟﻴﻪﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺗﻬﻢ.9ﻓﻘﺪﻛﺎﻥﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﻌﺮﺿﻮﻥﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺗﻬﻢﺃﻣﺎﻡﻫﻴﺌﺔﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ

Ho-BengChia,JooEngLee-PartridgeandChee-LeongChong,‘Traditionalmediationpractices:Arewe1

.throwingthebabyoutwiththebathwater?’(2004)Vol.21ConflictResolutionQuaterly451,453-455

AyseBetulCelikandAlmaShkreli,‘AnAnalysisofReconciliatoryMediationinNorthernAlbania:The2

.RoleofCustomaryMediators’(2010)62Europe-AsiaStudies885

UNESCO,‘WomenandPeaceinAfrica:Casestudiesontraditionalconflictresolutionpractices’(2003)3

/images/0013/001332/133274e.pdf

.JoelLeeandTehHweeHweeeds,‘AnAsianPerspectiveonMediation’(AcademyPublishing2009)4

4

RondaRobertsCallisterandJamesAWall,‘JapaneseCommunityandOrganizationalMediation’(1997)

5

.Vol.41,TheJournalofConflictResolution,311,313

.JoelLeeandTehHweeHweeeds,ibid.4,4

6

ChristianBühring-Uhle,LarsKirchhoffandGabrieleScherer,‘ArbitrationandMediationinInternational

7

.Business’(KluwerLawInternational2006)177

ValerieASanchez,‘TowardsaHistoryofADR:TheDisputeProcessingContinuuminAnglo-Saxon8

EnglandandToday’(1996)Vol.11TheOhioStateJournalonDisputeResolution1,3,

/bitstream/handle/1811/79734/OSJDR_V11N1_001.pdf?sequence=1

.EdwardManson,TheCityofLondonChamberofArbitration(1893)9LQR86,879

2

ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺔﻣﻦﺗﺠﺎﺭﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦﻳﺼﺪﺭﻭﻥﻗﺮﺍﺭﻫﻢﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍﺇﱃﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ.ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢﻣﻦﺃﻥﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﴈﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ

ﻫﺬﻩﱂﺗﻜﻦﺗﺸﻤﻞﻣﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔﺭﺳﻤﻴﺔ،ﻓﻘﺪﻛﺎﻥﻳﻌﺘﺑﻬﺎﰲﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ.10

ﻭﻗﺪﺛﻘﺖﺃﻭﱃﻣﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﰲﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﻭﰲﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔﰲﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﻥﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ.11ﻭﻛﺎﻥﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀﺇﱃﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻱﻣﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔﺳﺎﺋﺪﺓﰲﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺣﻞﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔﻭﺍﻷﻃﻠﺴﻴﺔﻣﻦﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎﻣﻨﺬﻋﺎﻡ

1200ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ12،ﻭﱶﰲﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔﻋﻠﻰﺳﺠﻼﺕﺗﻮﺛﻖﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻱﻳﻌﻮﺩﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻬﺎﺇﱃﻋﺎﻡ1229.13

ﻭﺍﻧﺘﴩﺇﻗﺒﺎﻝﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﻛﺒﺪﻳﻞﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﴈﻷﻧﻪﻛﺎﻥﻧﻈﺎﻣﺎﺫﺍﰐﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢﻳﺘﻴﺢﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕﴎﻳﻌﺔﻭﻏﲑﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔﻭﻣﺴﺘﻨﲑﺓ.14

2.1ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺎﺕﺗﺮﺦﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﰲﺇﻃﺎﺭﻣﺆﺳﴘﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻬﺎ

1.2.1ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ

ﺍﺳﺤﺪﺛﺖﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔﻭﺃﻧﻈﻤﺘﻬﺎﰲﺑﻠﺪﺍﻥﻣﺜﻞﺃﺳﱰﺍﻟﻴﺎ15ﻭﻧﻴﻮﺯﻳﻠﻨﺪﺍ16ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ17ﰲﺃﻭﺍﺋﻞﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥﺍﻟﻌﴩﻳﻦ

ﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ.ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊﺫﻟﻚﺇﱃﺃﻥﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﰲﺃﻭﺍﺧﺮﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊﻋﴩﻭﺑﺪﺍﻳﺎﺕﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥﺍﻟﻌﴩﻳﻦﻛﺎﻧﺖﰲﻣﻌﻈﻢﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔﻭﺗﺘﺴﺒﺐﰲﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝﺑﻞﻗﺪﺗﺼﻞﺇﱃﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ.ﻭﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞﻣﻊﻫﺬﺍﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ،ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺪﺛﺖﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕﺍﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕﻭﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔﻟﻠﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖﺑﲔﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ،ﻓﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎﺫﻟﻚﻣﻦﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊﻧﻄﺎﻕﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀﺇﱃﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔﺑﲔﻧﻘﺎﺑﺎﺕﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝﻭﺃﺭﺑﺎﺏﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ.ﻭﻟﻘﺪﻧﺠﺤﺖﻫﺬﻩﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔﻷﻧﻬﺎﻫﻴﺄﺕﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡﻹﻳﺠﺎﺩﺣﻠﻮﻝ

ﴎﻳﻌﺔﻭﺳﻠﻤﻴﺔﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻋﻠﻰﻧﻄﺎﻕﱂﻳﻜﻦﻳﺨﻄﺮﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺒﺎﻝﺁﻧﺬﺍﻙ.18

2.2.1ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢ

ﺃﺭﺳﻴﺖﺃﻭﱃﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﻭﺃﻧﻈﻤﺘﻪﺍﻟﺮﺳﻤﻴﺔﰲﺍﻟﻘﺮﻧﲔﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦﻋﴩﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊﻋﴩﻟﻐﺮﺽﺍﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀﺇﱃﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﻭﺗﻴﺴﲑﻩ.ﻭﺑﻮﺟﻪﻋﺎﻡ،ﻛﺎﻧﺖﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﺃﻧﺠﺢﻣﺎﻳﻜﻮﻥﻛﻠﻤﺎﺟﺪﺕﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔﺑﺸﺄﻥﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﺗﻴﴪﺇﻧﻔﺎﺫ

ِ

ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﻭﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺗﻪ.19ﻓﻤﺜﻼ،ﱂﻳﺄﺧﺬﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﻳﻠﻘﻰﺭﻭﺍﺟﺎﰲﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓﺇﻻﺑﻌﺪﺃﻥﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﲄﻳﺮﻣﻷﺍﰲﻡﺎﻋ1925،ﻢﻏﺭﻧﺄﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣﻢﻴﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍﺖﻧﺎﻛﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗﺬﻨﻣﻞﺋﺍﻭﺃﻡﺎﻋ1768.20ﻭﰲﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ،ﻨﺖ

CharlesSHaightJr,‘MaritimeArbitrationTheAmericanExperience’inACollectionoftheCedricBarclay10

.Lectures:ICMAX-ICMAXV(SingaporeInternationalArbitrationCenter2006)

AlanRedfern,MHunteret.al.,‘LawandPracticeofInternationalCommercialArbitration’(4thed,Sweet11

.&Maxwell2004)para1-

04

.WilliamTetley,‘MarineCargoClaims’(4thed,ÉditionsYvonBlais2009)141712

FabrizioMarrella,‘UnityandDiversityinInternationalArbitration:TheCaseofMaritimeArbitration’13

(2005)AmericanUniversityInternationalLawReview,Vol20,1055,1058

/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1152&context=auilr

.EarlSWolaver,‘TheHistoricalBackgroundofCommercialArbitration’(1934)83UPaLRev132,14414

.OdeRFoenander,‘TheNewConciliationandArbitrationActinAustralia’(1929)19Int’lLabRev15115

JudyDellandPeterFranks,‘MediationandCollectiveBargaininginNewZealand’(MinistryofBusiness,16.Innovation&Employment,2009)

.EdgarLWarren,‘TheConciliationService:V-JDaytoTaft-Hartley’(1948)1ILRReview35117

.MichaelWallin,‘LabourAdministration:OriginsandDevelopment’(1969)100Int’lLabRev51,7218

.FrankDEmerson,‘HistoryofArbitrationPracticeandLaw’(1970)19ClevStLR155,158-15919

CharlesSHaightJr,‘MaritimeArbitrationTheAmericanExperience’inACollectionoftheCedricBarclay20.Lectures:ICMAX-ICMAXV(SingaporeInternationalArbitrationCenter2006)

3

ﺗﴩﻳﻌﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﺑﺎﺩﺉﺍﻷﻣﺮﰲﻋﺎﻡ1698ﻭﻮﺟﺖﺑﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﰲﻋﺎﻡ1889.ﻭﺍﻧﺘﴩﺍﻹﻗﺒﺎﻝﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢ

ﰲﺇﻃﺎﺭﻫﺬﺍﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡﺍﻟﺘﴩﻳﻌﻲ21ﺭﻏﻢﺃﻥﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﱂﺗﻨﺸﺄﺣﱴﻋﺎﻡ1892.22

ﻭﺇﺫﺍﻛﺎﻥﻟﻠﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔﺍﻟﱵﺗﺨﻮﻝﻣﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔﺍﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕﻣﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔﺣﺎﺳﻤﺔﰲﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢ،ﻓﺈﻧﻪﻳﻤﻜﻦﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﺃﻥﺗﻀﻄﻠﻊﺑﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎﻡﰲﺳﻫﺬﻩﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔﻭﺍﻟﱰﻭﻳﺞﻟﻬﺎ.ﻓﻔﻲﻋﺎﻡ1923،ﺃﻧﺸﺌﺖﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔﻟﺘﺆﺩﻱﺩﻭﺭﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢﻟﻬﺎﻗﺪﺭﻛﺎﻑﻣﻦﺍﻟﺼﺒﻐﺔ"ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ"ﺍﻟﱵﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐﻗﻄﺎﻉﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪﺑﺎﻟﻨﺸﺄﺓﺁﻧﺬﺍﻙ.23ﻭﰲﻭﻗﺖﻻﺣﻖ،ﺳﺎﻫﻤﺖﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔﻣﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔﺑﺎﺭﺯﺓﰲﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔﺍﻻﻋﱰﺍﻑﺑﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔﻭﺇﻧﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ)ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙﻟﻌﺎﻡ،(1958ﺍﻟﱵﺗﻌﺪﻋﻠﻰﻧﻄﺎﻕﻭﺍﺳﻊﺃﻫﻢﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑﰲﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ.24

3.1

1.3.1

ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﻟﲋﺍﻋﺎﺕﻋﱪﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ

ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﻭﺗﺤﻮﻟﻬﺎﺇﱃﺑﺪﻳﻞﻟﻠﺘﻘﺎﴈ

ﺗﻌﺰﻯ"ﺍﻟﻄﻔﺮﺓ"ﺍﻟﱵﺷﻬﺪﺗﻬﺎﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﰲﺳﺒﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕﻭﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴﻨﺎﺕﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥﺍﻟﻌﴩﻳﻦﰲﺟﺰﺀﻛﺒﲑﻣﻨﻬﺎﺇﱃﺗﻌﺎﻇﻢﺍﻟﺴﺨﻂﻋﻠﻰﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﴈ.25ﻓﻔﻀﻼﻋﻦﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﴈﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻈﺔﻭﻃﻮﻝﺍﳌﺪﺓﺍﻟﱵﻳﺴﺘﻐﺮﻗﻬﺎﻭﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮﺍﳌﺮﺍﺭﺓﺍﻟﱵﻳﺨﻠﻔﻬﺎ،ﺍﺗﻀﺢﺃﻧﻪﻗﺪﻳﻨﻄﻮﻱﺃﻳﻀﺎﻋﻠﻰﻣﺠﺎﺯﻓﺔﻛﺒﲑﺓ.26ﻭﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔﺇﱃﺫﻟﻚ،ﺳﺎﺩﺑﲔﺃﻭﺳﺎﻁﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﻳﻤﻴﲔﻭﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﲔﰲﻣﺠﺎﻝﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥﺑﻮﺟﻪﺧﺎﺹﺗﺨﻮﻑﻣﻦ"ﺗﻀﺨﻢﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ،"ﺣﻴﺚﺇﻥﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﻁﰲﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀﺇﱃﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﴈﰲﺍﳌﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕﻗﺪﻳﺆﺩﻱﺇﱃﺇﺛﻘﺎﻝﻛﺎﻫﻞﺍﳌﺤﺎﻛﻢﺑﺪﻋﺎﻭﻯﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔﻻﻟﺰﻭﻡﻟﻬﺎ.27

ﻩﺬﻫﻭﻞﻏﺍﻮﺸﻟﺍﻲﻫﺎﻣﻊﻓﺩﺭﻮﺴﻓﻭﱪﻟﺎﺑﻚﻧﺍﺮﻓﺭﺪﻧﺎﺳSander)(Frankﺇﱃﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ"ﺍﳌﺤﻜﻤﺔﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ،"ﻭﻃﺮﺣﻪﺃﻭﻝﻣﺮﺓﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀﻣﺆﺗﻤﺮﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﰲﻋﺎﻡ1976.ﻭﰲﺇﻃﺎﺭﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ"ﺍﳌﺤﻜﻤﺔﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ،"ﺗﺘﺎﺡﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔﻣﻦﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕﺗﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﻭﻳﻮﺟﻪﻣﻮﻇﻔﻮﺍﳌﺤﻜﻤﺔﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔﺍﳌﺘﻨﺎﺯﻋﲔﺇﱃﺃﻧﺴﺐﻣﺴﺎﺭﻟﻠﺒﺖﰲﻗﻀﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎ.ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦﺃﻥﺗﺆﺩﻱﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭﺍﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔﰲ"ﺍﳌﺤﻜﻤﺔﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ،"ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﻤﺎﺑﺪﻳﻠﲔﻟﻠﺘﻘﺎﴈ.28

ﻭﺮﻈﻨﻰﻠﻋﻕﺎﻄﻧﻊﺳﺍﻭﱃﺇﺓﴐﺎﺤﻣﺭﻮﺴﻴﻓﻭﱪﻟﺍﺳﺎﻧﺪﺭﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎﻛﺎﻧﺖﻟﺤﻈﺔ"ﻓﺎﺭﻗﺔ"ﰲﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﰲﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂﻭﺫﻟﻚﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏﺛﻼﺛﺔ.ﺃﻭﻟﻬﺎﺃﻥﻣﺤﺎﴐﺗﻪﺭﻭﺟﺖﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓﴐﻭﺭﺓﺇﺣﺎﻟﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺇﱃﺃﻧﺴﺐﺁﻟﻴﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺘﻬﺎ.ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﺎﻬﻧﺃﺖﻓّﺮﻋﺎﻳﺍﺰﻤﺑﻞﺋﺍﺪﺑ،ﴈﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍﻞﺜﻣﺔﻃﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍﻢﻴﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ.29ﺐﺒﺴﻟﺍﻭﲑﺧﻷﺍﻮﻫﻧﺄ"ﺍﳌﺤﻜﻤﺔﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ"ﺃﺛﺒﺖﺃﻧﻬﺎ

SidneyPSimpson,‘SpecificEnforcementofArbitrationContracts’(1934)83UPaLRev160,165,

/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8695&context=penn_law_review

ﺷﻨﺖﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔﻟﻨﺪﻥﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄﻭﺍﺗﺨﺬﺕﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔﻏﺮﻓﺔﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔﻟﻨﺪﻥﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﰲﻋﺎﻡ1892.

.EdwardManson,‘TheCityofLondonChamberofArbitration’(1893)9LQR86EmmanuelGaillard,BertholdGoldmanandJohnSavage,‘Fouchard,Gaillard,GoldmanonInternational.CommercialArbitration’(KluwerLawInternational1999)174

.AlanRedfern,MHunteret.al.,ibid.11,1-05BillMaurer,‘TheDisunityofFinance:AlternativePracticestoWesternFinance’inKarinKnorrCetinaand.AlexPreda(eds)TheOxfordHandbookoftheSociologyofFinance(OxfordUniversityPress2012)413

KevinMLemley,‘I’llMakeHimAnOfferHeCan’tRefuse:AProposedModelForAlternativeDispute

ResolutioninIntellectualPropertyDisputes’(2004)37AkronLRev287,311-312,

/dotAsset/727495.pdf

MarcGalanter,‘TheDayAftertheLitigationExplosion’(1986)46MdLRev3,5,

/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2633&context=mlr

FrankEASander,‘VarietiesofDisputeProcessing’inALeoLevinandRussellRWheeler(eds),The.PoundConference:PerspectivesonJusticeintheFuture(WestGroup1979)65,83

.MichaelLMoffitt,‘BeforetheBigBang:TheMakingofanADRPioneer’(2006)22NegotiationJ435

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

4

ﺁﻟﻴﺔﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔﻟﺘﻴﺴﲑﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝﻋﻠﻰﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﻭﻣﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕﺍﳌﺤﺎﻛﻢﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ.ﻭﻋﻠﻰﺇﺛﺮﻣﺆﺗﻤﺮ

ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪ،ﻤﻢﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ"ﺍﳌﺤﻜﻤﺔﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ"ﰲﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ30،ﻭﺃﺩﻯﻧﺠﺎﺣﻪﺇﱃﺇﻃﻼﻕﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔﰲﺑﻠﺪﺍﻥ

ﻣﺜﻞﺃﺳﱰﺍﻟﻴﺎ31ﻭﻛﻨﺪﺍ32ﻭﻫﻮﻟﻨﺪﺍ33ﻭﻧﻴﺠﲑﻳﺎ34ﻭﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ35.

2.3.1ﻋﻮﳌﺔﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ

ﻣﻨﺬﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴﻨﺎﺕﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥﺍﻟﻌﴩﻳﻦ،ﻧﺎﻟﺖﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔﺑﺎﺭﺯﺓﰲﺍﳌﺠﺘﻤﻊﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄﱂﻳﺴﺒﻖﻟﻬﺎﻣﺜﻴﻞ،ﻭﺍﻧﺘﴩﺕﻋﻠﻰﻧﻄﺎﻕﻋﺎﳌﻲﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞﻌﲎﺑﻬﺬﻩﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ.36ﻭﻟﻌﻞﻣﻜﻤﻦﺍﻟﴪﰲﺍﻹﻗﺒﺎﻝﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎﻫﻮﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔﺃﻥﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊﻳﺠﺪﻓﻴﻬﺎﺿﺎﻟﺘﻪ:ﻓﻬﻲﻗﻨﺎﺓﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔﺗﺘﻴﺢﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻡﺇﱃﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ،ﻭﻫﻲﻣﻦﺛﺗﺨﻔﻒﻣﻦﺍﻷﻋﺒﺎﺀﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔﺍﳌﻠﻘﺎﺓﻋﻠﻰﺍﳌﺤﺎﻛﻢﻭﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ؛ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎﺃﻥﺗﺘﻴﺢﻟﻠﻤﺘﻨﺎﺯﻋﲔﺃﺳﻠﻮﺑﺎﴎﻳﻌﺎﻏﲑﻣﻜﻠﻒﻭﻣﺮﻧﺎﰲﺣﻞﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺗﻬﻢ؛ﻭﻫﻲﻗﻄﺎﻉﺤﻘﻖﻓﻴﻪﺃﻋﻠﻰﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﻭﺃﺭﺑﺎﺡﻣﱱﺍﻳﺪﺓﳌﻤﺎﺭﳼﻫﺬﻩﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔﺑﻬﺎ.

ﻭﺑﻮﺟﻪﻋﺎﻡ،ﻭﺿﻌﺖﺍﳌﺤﺎﻛﻢﻭﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞﻟﻠﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﻣﻦﺃﺟﻞﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺎﻬﻤﻋﺩﻭ.37ﻭﻣﻦﺧﻼﻝﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔﺇﱃﻣﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ،ﺗﺨﻔﻒ"ﺍﳌﺤﺎﻛﻢﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ"ﻣﻦﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏﺇﻧﺠﺎﺯﻫﺎ،ﻭﺗﺍﻟﺒﺖﰲﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﻭﻯﻭﺗﻴﴪﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫﺇﱃﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪﻣﻦﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺋﻴﺔﺍﻟﱵﺗﻘﻒﺃﻣﺎﻡﺣﻞﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ.38ﻭﺗﺆﻫﻞﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ،ﺍﻟﱵﺗﻀﻌﻬﺎﺍﳌﺤﺎﻛﻢ،ﻫﺬﻩﺍﳌﺤﺎﻛﻢﻣﻮﻗﻌﺎﺃﻓﻀﻞﳌﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﻟﱵﻳﻜﻮﻥﻣﻦﻏﲑﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﴈﺑﺤﻀﻮﺭﺍﻟﺨﺼﻮﻡ.39ﻓﻤﺜﻼ،

‘Transcript:ADialogueBetweenProfessorsFrankSanderandMarianaHernandezCrespo’(2008)5USt30

.ThomasLJ665,673,

/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1164&context=ustlj

RobertFrench,‘PerspectivesonCourtAnnexedAlternativeDisputeResolution’(HighCourtof31

Australia¸July27,2009).au/assets/publications/speeches/current-

justices/frenchcj/frenchcj27july09.pdf

.TrevorCWFarrow,‘CivilJustice,PrivatizationandDemocracy’(UniversityofTorontoPress2014)7332

AnnieJdeRooandRobertWJagtenberg,‘TheDutchLandscapeofCourt-EncouragedMediation’in33

.NadjaMarieAlexander(eds),GlobalTrendsinMediation(KluwerLawInternational2006)288

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Door_Courthouse_in_Nigeria_Rethinking_Frank_Sander’s_Concept/links/54691b7d0cf2397f782d6d9c

/The-Concept-of-Multi-Door-Courthouse-in-Nigeria-Rethinking-Frank-Sanders-Concept

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ARNED_FROM_PRACTICE.doc

LarryRayandAnneLClare,‘TheMulti-DoorCourthouseIdea-BuildingtheCourthouseoftheFuture.Today’(1985)1OhioStJonDispResol7,12

ScottBrown,ChristineCervenakandDavidFairman,‘AlternativeDisputeResolutionPractitionersGuide’(UnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopment,1998)9

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AmberMurphyParris,‘AlternativeDisputeResolution:TheFinalFrontieroftheLegalProfession’(2013).37JLegalProf295,302

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ﻛﺎﻧﺖﻣﺤﺎﻛﻢﺍﻷﴎﺓﺃﻭﻝﻣﻦﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔﺑﺴﺒﺐﺍﻟﺤﻤﻮﻻﺕﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔﺍﳌﺘﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔﺍﻟﱵﺗﺘﺴﻢﺑﻬﺎﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﻷﴎﻳﺔ.40

ﻭﺇﱃﺟﺎﻧﺐﺍﻟﺠﻬﻮﺩﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ،ﻳﻌﺰﻯﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺇﱃﺷﺪﺓﺍﻹﻗﺒﺎﻝﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎﻣﻦﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ.ﺇﺫﺇﻥﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝﻷﻧﻬﺎﻗﺪﺗﻮﻓﺮﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ،ﻭﺗﺆﰐﺃﻳﻀﺎﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺎ:ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ41ﻭﻫﻲﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ42،ﰲﺣﲔﺗﻤﻜﻦﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔﻣﻦﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐﺗﺴﻮﻳﺎﺕﺗﺮﺍﻋﻲﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ.ﻓﻼﻏﺮﺍﺑﺔﺇﺫﻥﺃﻥﺗﻠﺠﺄﻛﱪﻯﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕﺇﱃﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎﺃﻓﻀﻞﺧﻴﺎﺭﺑﺪﻳﻞﻟﻠﺘﻘﺎﴈﺑﺸﺄﻥﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ.43ﻭﻳﺘﺠﻠﻰﺇﻳﺜﺎﺭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎﰲﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ،ﺣﻴﺚﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﺩﺍﻟﱵﺗﻠﺰﻡﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔﺑﻌﺮﺽﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺗﻬﻤﺎﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔﺃﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﻗﺒﻞﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝﰲﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﴈ.ﻭﻗﺪﺳﺎﻫﻢﺍﻹﻗﺒﺎﻝﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔﰲﺗﺒﻮﻳﺌﻬﺎﻣﲋﻟﺔﻗﻄﺎﻉﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ،ﺣﻴﺚﺗﺘﻨﺎﻓﺲﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮﻥﰲﺍﳌﺠﺎﻝﻋﻠﻰﻧﻴﻞﺣﺼﺔﻣﻦﻫﺬﻩﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔﺍﳌﺘﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ.ﻭﻗﺪﺣﻘﻘﺖﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔﺑﺎﻟﺴﺒﻞﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﻧﻤﻮﺍﻛﺒﲑﺍﰲﻋﺪﺩﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﺔ44،ﻭﻳﻀﻢﻣﻤﺎﺭﺳﻮﻫﺬﻩﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔﰲﺃﻭﺳﺎﻃﻬﻢﺧﱪﺍﺀﻣﺮﻣﻮﻗﲔﰲﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦﺷﱴﻣﺜﻞﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥﻭﻗﻄﺎﻉﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ.45ﻭﻗﺪﺗﻄﻮﺭﺕﻫﺬﻩﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞﻓﻠﻢﺗﻌﺪﻣﺠﺮﺩﺧﻴﺎﺭﺑﺪﻳﻞﻟﻠﺘﻘﺎﴈﺑﻞﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﻫﺎﻣﺎﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎﺑﺬﺍﺗﻪ.

BenoitBastardandLauraCardia-Voneche,‘FamilyMediationinFrance’(1993)7Int’lJL&.Fam271,277

ﺑﻤﻮﺟﺐﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ،ﻠﺰﻡﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎﺑﺎﻻﻋﱰﺍﻑﺑﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔﻭﺇﻧﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎﻋﻠﻰﻗﺪﻡﺍﳌﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓﻣﻊﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡﺍﳌﺤﺎﻛﻢﺍﳌﺤﻠﻴﺔ.ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﻣﻦﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ2022،ﺑﻠﻎﻋﺪﺩﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑﰲﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ168ﺩﻭﻟﺔ.ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮﻟﺠﻨﺔﺍﻷﻣﻢﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ،"ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ:ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔﺍﻻﻋﱰﺍﻑﺑﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ)ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ،:"1958)

/ar/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2

ﻻﺗﺨﻀﻊﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎﻟﻠﻄﻌﻦﰲﺃﺳﺴﻬﺎﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔﺃﻭﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺘﻬﺎﰲﺍﳌﺤﺎﻛﻢﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ.

TrevorCookandAlejandroIGarcia,‘InternationalIntellectualPropertyArbitration’(KluwerLaw.International2010)38

ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺍﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄﻟﻌﺎﻡ2013ﺃﻥﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢﻫﻮﺃﻛﱶﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕﺗﺴﻮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎﺑﲔﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ،ﻭﺧﻠﺺﺍﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥﻋﺎﻡ2011ﺍﻟﺬﻱﺃﺟﺮﺗﻪﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ1000Fortuneﺇﱃﺃﻥ98%