教师公开招聘考试小学英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷1

教师公开招聘考试小学英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷1一、阅读理解(本题共26题，每题1.0分，共26分。)OURPROMISEMakingyourstayacompletesuccessisourgoal.Justletourmanagerondutyoffront-deskstaffknowifanypartofyourstayisn'tsatisfactory.Wepromisetomakeitrightoryouwon'tpayforthatpartofyourstay.FORGETSOMETHING?Ifyouforgettopackanystandardtoiletryitem(toothbrush,toothpaste,shavingcream,razororcomb),justcallthefrontdeskandwe'llgetyouafreereplacement(替代)rightaway.PLEASEREUSETHETOWELSWeinviteyoutojoinwithustosavewaterbyusingyourtowels(毛巾)morethanonce.Inadditiontodecreasingwaterandenergywaste,youcanhelpusreducetheamountofwastewaterthatmustberecycledwithinourcommunity.Pleasehangthetowelsupifyouwishtoparticipateintheprogram—ifnot,simplyleavethemonthefloor.Weappreciateyourhelp！PLEASECHANGETHESHEETSTODAYTheProjectPlanetProgramisaneffortofthishoteltoprotecttheenvironmentthroughsavingwateranddecreasingwastewater.Ifyouarestayingwithusmorethanonenight,aspartoftheProjectPlanetProgram,wewillwashyoursheetseverythreedays.Ifyouwouldprefernottoparticipateinthisprogram,simplyhangthiscardontheoutsideofyourdoorandsheetswillbechangedrightaway.Asalwayssheetsareautomaticallychangedaftereveryguestchecksout.Weappreciateyourhelp!1、Ifyouforgetyourcomb,youcan_________.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节理解题。根据FORGETSOMETHING？中的"Ifyouforgettopackanystandardtoiletryitem（toothbrush，toothpaste，shavingcream，razororcomb），justcallthefront-deskandwe’llgetyouafreereplacementrightaway.”可知，如果忘了带梳子，给前台打电话就可以免费得到一个。故选C。2、Leavingthetowelsonthefloormeans_________.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节理解题。根据PLEASEREUSETHETOWELS中的"Pleasehangthetowelsupifyouwishtojoinintheprogram-ifnot，simplyleavethemonthefloor."可知，如果把毛巾放在地上，说明不同意毛巾的循环利用。故选C。3、WhatistheProjectPlanetProgramtryingtodo?标准答案：B知识点解析：细节理解题。根据PLEASECHANGETHESHEETSTODAY中的"TheProjectPlanetProgramisinaneffortofthishoteltoprotecttheenvironmentbysavingwateranddecreasingwastewater.”可知，此项目的目的是通过节水保护环境。故选B。Thestateoftheworld'splantsisnotstrong.Onein5plantspeciesfacesriskofextinction,accordingtoareporttoutedtobethefirstassessmentofglobalplantlife.Andsuchlossofplantdiversitycouldhavedevastatingimpactsonourownplantuses."Plantsareabsolutelymomentoustohumankind,"saidKathyWillis,sciencedirectorattheRoyalBotanicGardensatKewinLondon,wholedthenewreport."Plantsprovideuswitheverything—food,fuel,medicines,timberandtheyareincrediblyimportantforourclimateregulation.Withoutplantswewouldnotbehere.Wearefacingsomedevastatingrealitiesifwedonottakestockandre-examineourprioritiesandefforts."Thegoodnewsisthatdeforestationratesaroundtheworldhavedeclinedconsiderablysincethe1950s,withBrazilandChinademonstratingsignificantsuccess.However,thisfirst-everreportonthehealthofplantspeciesaroundtheworldshowsthatthereismuchmoretobedone.Thereport,calledthe"StateoftheWorld'sPlants",estimatesthattherearecurrently390,900plantspeciesknowntoscience,notincludingalgaeormoss.Thisestimateaccountsforinstanceswherescientistshavedescribedthesamespecieswithdifferentnames.Andsome21percentofthoseplantsarethreatenedwithextinction,accordingtothereport."Thepositiveiswe'restilldiscoveringlotsofnewplants,about2,000eachyear,newplantsforfood,forfuel,fordrugs,"saidDr.Willis,"Onthenegative,we'veseenahugechangeinlandcover,mainlydrivenbyculturalactivity,withalittlebitofclimatechangeinthereaswell."Humanactivityhasasignificantimpactonplantextinctionrisk.Ashumanschopdownforeststoclearspaceforagriculture,andtownsandcities,vaststoresofbiodiversityarelost.Deforestationforlandusechangeiscompoundedbytheimpactsofclimatechange,bothbyaffectingplantsthatarehighlysensitivetochangesandthroughindirectimpacts,likechangesinpollinators.Plantspeciesextinctioncouldhavereverberatingeffects.PlantsactabitlikelungsfortheEarth,suckingcarbondioxideoutoftheair.Plantlossmeansreductioninthiscarbonsink.Losingthediversityofplantscouldalsobeaproblemforhumanuse,asatleast31,128plantsarecurrentlyputtosomedocumenteduse.Notonlycouldthisaffectourownfoodsupplydirectly,itcouldalsoaffectthefoodweb.Ifaplant-eatinganimallosessomeofitsfoodsource,thatchangecouldbefeltupthefoodchain."Onefifthofworld'splantsthreatenedbyextinction,sayscientists".ByEvaBotkin-Kowacki.May10,2016.TheChristianScienceMonitor.4、Whatdoestheunderlinedword"momentous"inParagraph2probablymean?标准答案：A知识点解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段倒数第二句和第三句“Plantsprovideuswitheverything-food，fuel，medicines，timberandtheyareincrediblyimportantforourclimateregulation.Withoutplantswewouldnotbehere.”可知，植物为我们提供了一切——食物，燃料，药品，木材，而且对我们的气候调节极其重要。没有植物，就没有我们。由此可见，植物对于人类来说非常重要。crucial意为“重要的”；available意为“可得到的”；bottomless意为“无穷尽的，深不可测的”；replaceable意为“可代替的”。故选A。5、Howmanyplantspeciesknowntoscienceareattheriskofextinction?标准答案：C知识点解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句"Thereport，calledthe"StateoftheWorld’sPlants，’estimatesthattherearecurrently390，900plantspeciesknowntoscience，notincludingalgaeormoss"和最后一句"Andsome21percentofthoseplantsarethreatenedwithextinction，accordingtothereport”可知，这份名为“世界植物状况”的报告估计，现在已知的植物有390900种，其中不包括藻类和苔藓类植物，报告称，21%的植物面临着灭绝的危险。因此，有82089种科学上已知的植物物种面临灭绝的危险。故选C。6、Whatcausesthelossofbiodiversityaccordingtothetext?标准答案：C知识点解析：细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一句和第二句“Humanactivityhasasignificantimpactonplantextinctionrisk.Ashumanschopdownforeststoclearspaceforagriculture，andtownsandcities，vaststoresofbiodiversityarelost."可知，人类活动对植物灭绝风险有着重要影响。人们砍伐森林，腾出地方来发展农业，建设城镇，于是生物多样性便大幅减少。故选C。7、Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?标准答案：B知识点解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段"Thestateoftheworld’splantsisnotstrong.Onein5plantspeciesfacesriskofextinction，accordingtoareporttoutedtobethefirstassessmentofglobalplantlife.Andsuchlossofplantdiversitycouldhavedevastatingimpactsonourownplantuses.”可知，世界上植物的生存状况不容乐观。据第一份评估全球植物生存状况的报告显示，每五种植物中就有一种面临着灭绝的风险。这种植物多样性的减少可能会对我们的植物使用造成破坏性的影响。第一段开门见山，引出全文讨论的话题。第一句直接指出存在的问题，即世界上的植物生存状况不容乐观，引起人们的注意。第二句对前一句进行解释，援引报告观点，指出现在植物面临着极大的灭绝风险。toutedtobethefirstassessmentofglobalplantlife一方面表明了报告的权威性，另一方面也从侧面表明之前人们对植物的关注不够。因此，本文的写作目的是为了呼吁人们保护生物多样性。故选B。ThemassdeathofflyinginextremeheatinNorthQueenslandlastmonthunderlinestheimportanceofUniversityofQueenslandwildliferesearchtoday.TheUQresearchshedslightonhowvariousspecieshaverespondedtomajorclimateevents.AstudyledbyUQSchoolofEarthandEnvironmentalScience,researcherDr.SeanMaxwellhasspentmorethan70yearsquantifyingtheresponsesofvariousspecies."Thegrowingfrequencyandintensityofextremeweathereventssuchascyclones,droughtsandfloodiscausingunpredictableandimmediatechangestoecosystemsandblockingexistingmanagementefforts,"Dr.Maxwellsaid."Someofthenegativeresponseswefoundwerequiteconcerning,includingmorethan100casesofdramaticpopulationdeclinesand31causesoflocalpopulationextinctionfollowinganextremeevent."PopulationsofcriticallyendangeredbirdspeciesinHawaii,suchasthepalia,havebeenannihilatedduetodrought,leavingnoneofitskind,andpopulationsoflizardspecieshavebeenwipedoutduetocyclonesintheBahamas.Cycloneswerethemostcommonextremeeventforbirds,fish,plantsandreptiles,whilemammalsandamphibiansweremostresponsivetodroughtevents,withdroughtleadingto12casesofmajorpopulationdeclineinmammals.Droughtalsoledto13casesofbreedingdeclinesinbirdpopulationsand12casesofchangesinthecompositionofinvertebratecommunities.UQCentreforBiodiversityandConservationSciencedirectorProfessorJamesWatsonsaidthedetailedinformationwouldhelpinformecosystemmanagement."Theresearchclearlyshowsspecieswillrespond,oftennegatively,toextremeevents,"ProfessorWatsonsaid."Asclimatechangecontinuestoensureextremeclimateandweathereventsaremoreandmorecommon,wenowneedtoacttoensurespecieshavethebestchancetosurvive.Whereverpossible,highqualityandintacthabitatareasshouldberetained,asthesearetheplaceswherespeciesaremostresilienttoincreasingexposuretoextremeevents."8、Thestudyshowedthat_________.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“TheUQresearchshedslightonhowvariousspecieshaverespondedtomajorclimateevents”和第三段的第二句“Someofthenegativeresponseswefoundwerequiteconcerning”可知，这项研究主要揭示各个物种对极端气候的反应，结果显示一些负面反应令人堪忧。故选B。9、Whichofthefollowingwillcausethedeathofsomespecies?标准答案：A知识点解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Thegrowingfrequencyandintensityofextremeweathereventssuchascyclones，droughtsandfloodiscausingunpredictableandimmediatechangestoecosystemsandblockingexistingmanagementefforts"可知飓风、干早和洪水等极端天气事件的频率和强度不断增加，对生态系统造成了一些严重的影响，以致很多物种减少甚至灭绝。选项中只有hurricane（飓风）属于极端气候，其他选项均不属于。故选A。10、Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?标准答案：B知识点解析：推理判断题。本文主要讲极端天气对野生动物的负面影响，A项为“人类易受某些动植物的伤害”，文章未提及，且极端天气在某些情况下是人类活动造成的，故排除A；根据第五段第一句“whilemammalsandamphibiansweremostresponsivetodroughtevents”可知人类和两栖动物最容易受干旱的影响，青蛙属于两栖动物，B项正确；根据第三段第一句"Thegrowingfrequencyandintensityofextremeweathereventssuchascyclones”可知，极端天气事件的频率和强度在不断增加，无法推出C项的“极端天气事件在数百年前更为普遍”，排除C；根据第二段“researcherDr.SeanMaxwellhasspentmorethan70yearsquantifyingtheresponsesofvariousspecies"可知，是Dr.SeanMaxwell做了70多年的研究，D项错误。故选B。Thenexttimeyouseeanantinyourkitchen,thinktwicebeforeyoukillit.Why?Scientistsbelievethatantscanhelpussolvesomeseriousproblems.Antsareverysuccessfulanimals.TheycanbefoundineverypartoftheearthexceptforAntarctic,andafewsmallislands.Over12,500speciesofantsexist.Theirpopulationsnumberinthemillions.Infact,biologistssaythatifyouweighedeverylivingthingontheplanet,15to25percentofthetotalweightwouldbemadeupbyants.Whatexplainsants'success?Theyhaveverysmallbrainsandnoleader.Butasagroup,theyareorganized,efficient,andexcellentatsolvingproblems.Forexample,theyarealwaysabletofindthefastestwaytogettofood.Thousandsofthemcantraveltothesameplaceatthesametimewithoutgettingintoatrafficjam(somethinghumanshavenotbeenabletofigureouthowtodo).Howcantheydothesethingswithsuchsmallbrains?Theanswerissimple.Anyoneantdoesn'tneedtoknowmuch;itjustneedsafewsimplerules.Whenitfollowsthoserules,itbecomesonesmallpartofalargegroupbrain.Thisiscalledswarmintelligence.Scientistsnowhopetoimitateants'organizationalpower.Computerscientiststhinkitcanhelpincommunication.TheyareusingswarmintelligencetofindthefastestwaytosendmessagesovertheInternet.Otherscientistsaremakingsimplerobotsthatworkinswarms,likeants.Oneday,theyhopetousetheserobotstoinvestigatedangerousplaces.Theyalsothinkthatthecellsinourbodiesmightuseswarmintelligence.Ifso,thelessonslearnedfromantsmightonedayhelpustreatavarietyofmedicalconditions.11、WhatcanweknowfromParagraph2?标准答案：C知识点解析：推理判断题。由第二段可知，蚂蚁数量多，种类多，C项正确；南极洲和几个小岛上没有蚂蚁，A项错误；目前有12500多种蚂蚁，B项错误；D项中的onequarter错误，原文是15%-25%。故选C。12、Howdoantsbecomeorganizationallypowerful?标准答案：D知识点解析：细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Theanswerissimple.Anyoneantdoesn’tneedtoknowmuch；itjustneedsafewsimplerules"可知，蚂蚁们如此成功是因为它们遵循了简单的规则。故选D。13、Whydoscientistsstudyants?标准答案：A知识点解析：推理判断题。由原文倒数第二段可知，一些科学家希望去模仿蚂蚁的集群智能，即swarmintelligence。最后一段也说，另外一些科学家正在制造一些集群工作的机器人，以便可以去一些危险的地方研究。由此可知，科学家们都想要去运用蚂蚁的集体智能。故选A。14、Whatcanweknowaboutantsfromthetext?标准答案：B知识点解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Butasagroup，theyareorganized，efficient，efficientandexcellentatsolvingproblems"可知，蚂蚁作为群体出动时是有组织、有效率的，A项中的asindividuals错误；通过最后两段科学家对于蚂蚁集群智能的研究以及希望将它运用到计算机、机器人以及医学中可知，蚂蚁的组织力可以促进关于交流的研究。B项正确。C项和D项中的“treatavarietyofmedicalconditions”和“investigatedangerousplaces”在最后一段都只是希望做到的事情，而不是已经完成的，所以C项和D项均错误。故选B。Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However,farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen'sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陈代谢)ratesandtooksamples(样品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.Then,ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists'lab,eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeedthat,intheoryshouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneoftheseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast(禁食).Ontheotheroccasion,theyatearichmorningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.Justbeforeandanhouraftereachworkout,thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen'sbloodandfattissue.Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences.Mostobviously,themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,theresearchersfound,multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins(蛋白质)thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin(胰岛素)levelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.15、Theunderlinedexpression"stomachit"inParagraph1mostprobablymeans________.标准答案：B知识点解析：词义猜测题。根据下文“workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst”可知，早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康更有益，因此推断这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推断划线词与B项“不吃早饭能应付"意思相近。故选B。16、Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?标准答案：A知识点解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句"Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen，whoselifestylesarefarbetterandworse，representativeofthoseofmostofus.”可知，他们首先找到了10个超重的、不活跃但健康的年轻人，他们的生活方式可以说更好，也可以说更糟，代表了我们大多数人。因此可知，实验时选择的10个人的生活方式代表了普通人。故选A。17、Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?标准答案：B知识点解析：细节理解题。根据第六段最后两句"Asaresult，theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand，theyburnedslightlymorecalories（卡路里），onaverage，duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.”可知，结果，他们空腹散步时燃烧的脂肪比他们先吃东西时所燃烧的脂肪要多。另一方面，平均而言，他们在早餐后锻炼时燃烧的卡路里略多于禁食后。因此可知，锻炼前吃早饭消耗更多一点的热量。故选B。18、Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?标准答案：D知识点解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段"Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise，itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.”可知，这些结果暗示，为了从运动中获得最大的健康益处，先不吃东西可能更明智。因此推断早饭前的体育锻炼对健康更有益。故选D。Forhalfacentury,languageexpertshavefallenintotwocamps,withmostlexicographersandacademiclinguistsononeside,andtraditionalistwritersandeditorsontheother.Shouldlanguageexpertsaimtodescribethestateofthelanguageaccurately?Orshouldtheyprescribehowthelanguageshouldbeused?Overthedecades,thetwosideshavetradedinsults;prescribersareauthoritariansindenialabouttherealworldanddescribersarepermissivistswithnostandards.Twoauthorsinthepasttwoyearshavemadeitclearthatitistimetomoveon.StevenPinkerisadescriber,alinguistandcognitivescientist.Butin2014hepublished"TheSenseofStyle",aguidetogoodwritingthatendedwithasectionofpreions;dothis,notthat.Theyweregroundedindeion,notdogma—butpreionstheywerenonetheless.NowcometwonewbooksbyBryanGarner,aproudpreivistwhoreachesthesamepointfromtheoppositedirection.Theyrelynotonmereclippings,butonbigdata;millionsofbooksscannedbyGoogle.ThisletsMr.Garnercompare"hepleadedguilty"withtheupstart"hepledguilty"."Pled"isgainingground,but"pleaded"isstillthreetimesascommoninbooks.Onthisbasis,Mr.Garnerprescribes;stickwith"pleaded".ButheallowedGoogle'sdatatochangehismind,too,"runthegantlet",howevertraditional,haslongbeenoutnumberedbyexamplesof"runthegauntlet",sohehasacceptedthenewerusage.Theconflictbetweendeionandpreionshouldneverhavebecomesobitter.Mr.PinkerisafineEnglishstylist;itisnosurprisethathehasopinionsonwhethersomewordsandformationsarebetterthanothers.AndMr.Garnerisadeeplyreadman(andalawyer),soitshouldcomeasnosurprisethathemarshalsevidence.Butbothcampswereill-servedbylessthoughtfulstandard-bearers.Manycluelessprescribersreallydidpushdudrules;thebanonsplitinfinitives,thebanonendingsentenceswithprepositions,thenotionthat"since"cannotmean"because"andsomanymore.Inthepushbackagainstahistoryofprejudices,preionrepresentedauthorityandtradition,anddeionrepresenteddemocracyandprogress.Butsensiblewritersonbothsideshavecometoagree,howevertacitly,thatthereisavariety,calledstandardEnglish,withrulesthatcanbefoundbylookingatlargevolumesofthestuff.Thebestprescribersarebecomingevermoreinformed,andthedescribersmorecomfortablewiththeideaofgivingpeople"right"and"wrong"judgmentsonstandardEnglish.Intheend,thetestofagoodpunditisonewhowilldeclarethemethodsandevidencethatwentintoajudgmentcall.Onthat,thebestdeivistsandpreivistsshouldbereadytosignanarmisticeinthelongandbloodyusagewars.19、Whatdoestheunderlinedword"lexicographer"(Line1,Para.1)mostprobablymean?标准答案：B知识点解析：词义猜测题。根据文章第一段第一句“Forhalfacentury，languageexpertshavefallenintotwocamps，withmostlexicographersandacademiclinguistsononeside，andtraditionalistwritersandeditorsontheother"可知lexicographers应和traditionalistwritersandeditors相对；根据“lexico”可知词意应该与“dictionary”有关。故选B。20、Whichofthefollowingstatementscomesfromadescriber?标准答案：C知识点解析：细节理解题。根据文章首段最后一句“prescribersareauthoritariansindenialabouttherealworldanddescribersarepermissivistswithnostandards"可知描写主义者是毫无标准的放纵主义者；plead的过去式有“pleaded"和“pled”两种，但英式更常用的是“pleaded”，而描写主义者不会太在意，故只有C项符合描写主义者的做法。故选C。21、ItisindicatedinPara.4thattheconflict________.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句"Theconflictbetweendeionandpreionshouldneverhavebecomesobitter"可知描写和规定之间的冲突不应该如此激烈；根据第四段倒数第二句“Butbothcampswereill-servedbylessthoughtfulstandard-bearers"可知两方阵营都被某些莽撞的教条主义者拖累了。很多愚蠢的规定主义者确实推行过毫无用处的规定。故选D。22、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?标准答案：C知识点解析：主旨大意题。纵观全文，开头段提出两大阵营之间的争端由来已久，中间介绍了矛盾被一些激进者提出的一些欠考虑的标准限制了两派的观点，最后提出建议双方应该相互补充、共同合作以达成最好效果。故选C。Thebusinessworldisoftendepictedasagladiatorialcontestwhereonlytheselfishsurvive.Ifthat'swhatyouthink,thenWhartonprofessorAdamGrant'sGiveandTakeisthenextbookforyou.ItissubtitledARevolutionaryApproachtoSuccess,whichmightseemlikepublishinghype,butthemessageofGrant'sbookisindeedrevolutionarywhenseenagainstthebackgroundofaworldviewthatiscommoninthebusinessworld.Thinkofthepeopleyouworkwith.Someareprobablytotalsweeties,whileothersareonlyoutforthemselves.Whysuchindividualdifferences?Whyisn'teveryoneniceornastytoanequaldegree?Thisisanevolutionaryquestion.Ifwethinkofnicenessandnastinessasalternativesocialstrategiesthatcompeteagainsteachother,itturnsoutthateitheronecanwindependinguponthecircumstances.Peoplewhoemploynicestrategiessucceedbybandingtogethertosharetheirbenefitandavoidingpeoplewhoemploynastystrategies.It'sthatsimple.Manypeopleimplicitlythinkthatnicenessisavirtuefortherestoflife,butwhenitcomestoplayingbusinesshardball,onlytheselfishsurvive.ThemessageofGrant'sbookGiveandTakeisthatthisisn'ttrue.Grantdividespeopleintothreebehavioralcategories;givers,matchers,andtakers.Astheirnamesimply,giversaresweetieswhounstintinglysharetheirtimeandtalent,seeminglyforthesheerpleasureofit.Matcherscalibratetheirgivingtotheirtaking,andtakerstakewhatevertheycanget.Whodoesbestplayingbusinesshardball?Itturnsoutthatthegiversdobestandworst.Whentheysuccumbtothedepredationsoftakers,theybecomedoormatsandchumps.Butwhentheymanagetoworkwithothergivers,theyproducespectacularwealthandsharethecollectivebenefits.Ideologyisalensthatcolorswhatwesee.TheideologythatmakesAynRandsuchanenduringinfluenceportraysselfishnessasavirtueandmakesgivinglooklikeaweakness.InRand'sepicnovelAtlasShrugged,theword"give"isevenbannedfromthevocabularyofJohnGait'sUtopiancommunity.Thisworldviewispartoftheairthatisbreathedinbusinessenvironments.GrantsaidthatWhartonstudentsareconstantlycomingintohisofficeexpressingadesiretogive,whichtheyassumemustbesuppressedintheirbusinesslivesuntiltheymakeafortune.Onlythencantheyexpresstheirdesiretogivebybecomingphilanthropists.Weneedtoexchangelensestoseethatgivingcansucceedasabusinessstrategyfromdayone,aslongasgiverscankeeptheirdistancefromtakers.Businessesflourishwhentheycreatesocialenvironmentsthatallownicenesstogeneratevalue,therebywinningtheDarwiniancontest.23、BycitingthebookGiveandTake,theauthorintendsto________.标准答案：C知识点解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和第二句可知，商业世界通常被描述为一场角斗，只有自私的人才能生存。如果你也是这么想的（跟大众一样的想法），那么你可以看下GireandTake这本书，说明这本书有其独特之处，再根据第一段最后一句中的revolutionary可知，这本书中的观点是革命性的，和C项中的new相对应。故选C。24、Grantdividespeopleintothreecategoriesto_________.标准答案：B知识点解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句和第二句可知，许多人认为友善是一种终生的美德，但当涉及到商业竞争时，只有自私的人才能生存。格兰特在书中所传达的信息是，这不是事实。接着进行了一项研究，所以研究的目的是想证明友善也能促进成功。故选B。25、Paragraph4showsthatWhartonstudentstendto_________.标准答案：C知识点解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，给予是一种弱点，甚至在小说中，给予这个词是禁词，根据Thisworldviewispartoftheairthatisbreathedinbusinessenvironments可知，这种世界观是商业环境中不可或缺的一部分（共识）。Grant说沃顿商学院的学生们不断地走进他的办公室，表达出一种给予的欲望，他们认为在他们发财之前，这种欲望必须在他们的商业生活中受到压制。也就是说这些学生认为成功之前不能给予，成功给予可以通过慈善给予，但根据第五段第一句可知，作者认为我们必须换一种思维，给予是一种促进成功的策略，也就是说给予促进成功，而不是成功之后再给予，所以说这些学生弄错了成功和给予的关系。故选C。26、Theauthor’sattitudetowardsGrant’sbookisoneof_________.标准答案：A知识点解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，作者认为我们需要换个角度来看，只要给予者能够与接受者保持距离，给予就可以作为一种商业策略从第一天起就取得成功。而这和Grant书中的观点不谋而合，所以作者对Grant的书应该持支持欣赏的态度。故选A。一、阅读理解(本题共26题，每题1.0分，共26分。)OURPROMISEMakingyourstayacompletesuccessisourgoal.Justletourmanagerondutyoffront-deskstaffknowifanypartofyourstayisn'tsatisfactory.Wepromisetomakeitrightoryouwon'tpayforthatpartofyourstay.FORGETSOMETHING?Ifyouforgettopackanystandardtoiletryitem(toothbrush,toothpaste,shavingcream,razororcomb),justcallthefrontdeskandwe'llgetyouafreereplacement(替代)rightaway.PLEASEREUSETHETOWELSWeinviteyoutojoinwithustosavewaterbyusingyourtowels(毛巾)morethanonce.Inadditiontodecreasingwaterandenergywaste,youcanhelpusreducetheamountofwastewaterthatmustberecycledwithinourcommunity.Pleasehangthetowelsupifyouwishtoparticipateintheprogram—ifnot,simplyleavethemonthefloor.Weappreciateyourhelp！PLEASECHANGETHESHEETSTODAYTheProjectPlanetProgramisaneffortofthishoteltoprotecttheenvironmentthroughsavingwateranddecreasingwastewater.Ifyouarestayingwithusmorethanonenight,aspartoftheProjectPlanetProgram,wewillwashyoursheetseverythreedays.Ifyouwouldprefernottoparticipateinthisprogram,simplyhangthiscardontheoutsideofyourdoorandsheetswillbechangedrightaway.Asalwayssheetsareautomaticallychangedaftereveryguestchecksout.Weappreciateyourhelp!27、Ifyouforgetyourcomb,youcan_________.A、buyoneinthehotelshopB、replaceonewithatoothbrushC、askforonefromtheservicecenterD、goinpersonandgetoneatthefrontdesk标准答案：C知识点解析：细节理解题。根据FORGETSOMETHING？中的"Ifyouforgettopackanystandardtoiletryitem（toothbrush，toothpaste，shavingcream，razororcomb），justcallthefront-deskandwe’llgetyouafreereplacementrightaway.”可知，如果忘了带梳子，给前台打电话就可以免费得到一个。故选C。28、Leavingthetowelsonthefloormeans_________.A、youwanttoparticipateintheprogramB、youwanttheroom-maidtohangitupC、youneedthemcollectedandwashedD、youwanttousethemmorethanonce标准答案：C知识点解析：细节理解题。根据PLEASEREUSETHETOWELS中的"Pleasehangthetowelsupifyouwishtojoinintheprogram-ifnot，simplyleavethemonthefloor."可知，如果把毛巾放在地上，说明不同意毛巾的循环利用。故选C。29、WhatistheProjectPlanetProgramtryingtodo?A、Makeyourbedsheetscleaner.B、Workforabetterenvironment.C、Helpguestscheckingoutfaster.D、Persuadegueststostaylonger.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节理解题。根据PLEASECHANGETHESHEETSTODAY中的"TheProjectPlanetProgramisinaneffortofthishoteltoprotecttheenvironmentbysavingwateranddecreasingwastewater.”可知，此项目的目的是通过节水保护环境。故选B。Thestateoftheworld'splantsisnotstrong.Onein5plantspeciesfacesriskofextinction,accordingtoareporttoutedtobethefirstassessmentofglobalplantlife.Andsuchlossofplantdiversitycouldhavedevastatingimpactsonourownplantuses."Plantsareabsolutelymomentoustohumankind,"saidKathyWillis,sciencedirectorattheRoyalBotanicGardensatKewinLondon,wholedthenewreport."Plantsprovideuswitheverything—food,fuel,medicines,timberandtheyareincrediblyimportantforourclimateregulation.Withoutplantswewouldnotbehere.Wearefacingsomedevastatingrealitiesifwedonottakestockandre-examineourprioritiesandefforts."T