2023-2024学年人教版（2019） 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters知识点+练习 学案

Unit4NaturalDisasters

PeriodIListeningandSpeaking&ReadingandThinking

1.rescuen.营救；救援

名词短语：

the/one'srescue搭救某人；救助某人

动词短语：

rescue......从..中拯救...

答案：cometo;from

练习：

1)Finallythey(rescue)byhelicopter.

2)Ittookthefirefighters5hourstorescuetheboythewell.

3)Awealthybusinessmancameto(they)rescuewithagenerousdonation.

答案：wererescued;from;their

2.damagen.损坏；损失；损害赔偿金v.损害；破坏

/damageto...对..造成伤害

答案：do;cause

练习：

1)Theaccidentcausedsomedamagemycar,butit'snothingserious.

2)Smokingseriously(damage)yourhealth.

3)Severalcars(damage)incrashwhichhappenedlastnight.

4)Hisdoctortoldmethathisnerves(damage)andhewasunconscious(昏迷的).

5)Actually,severedamage(do)toourlandisfairlyrecentinthehistoryofour

evolution(进化).

答案：to;damages;weredamaged;weredamaged/hadbeendamaged;done

3.destroyvt.摧毁；毁灭；消灭；破灭

I

n.[U]摧毁；毁灭；破坏

I

adj.造成破坏的；毁灭性的

destroyone,s//摧毁某人的信心/希望/信仰

答案：destruction;destructive;confidence;hope;faith

易混词：destroy,damage与ruin

destroyv.指以具有某种摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁坏，以至于不能或难以修复。

damage可用作动词或名词，指一定程度的损坏或损失，部分是可以修复的。作名词表示

抽象的“损害；破坏”时，为不可数名词。

ruin可以作动词也可以作名词，指彻底的毁坏，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽

等，多用于比喻用法中；它有时还泛指一般意义上的“毁坏”。

作名词时常构成短语：fallintoruin/lieinruins“严重破损；破损不堪”

练习：

1)Thewholevillage(destroy)inthesuddenflood,leavingnothingtothenative

people.

2)Thousandsofhouses(damage)bythestorm,andtherepairworkwouldlasthalf

amonth.

3)Mynewwhitedresswastotally(ruin)bythedirtywater.

4)Ahugeamountofenvironmentaldamagehasbeenbroughtaboutbythe(destroy)

oftherainforests.

答案：wasdestroyed;weredamaged;ruined

4.affectv.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动；使感动；使悲伤(或怜悯)；使(某人)深

有感触I

n.喜爱；钟爱

_____________n.影响

名词短语：

haveanaffection喜爱..

haveaneffect对..产生影响

答案：affection;effect;for;on

练习：

1)Alcoholhasaverybadondrivers.

2)Theirobjectionwillnot________mydecision.

3)Cancerhislungsandbroughthislifetoanend.

答案：effect;affect;affected

5.sheltern.避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)

adj.备受呵护的；免遭恶劣天气影响的

名词短语:

shelter躲避...

/shelter寻找地方躲避...

sb.shelter庇护某人

theshelterofsth.在..的庇护/遮蔽/掩蔽下

动词短语：

sheltersb./sth....保护某人/某物以避免...

sheltersth.躲避某物

答案：sheltered;under;of;lookfor/seekfrom;give;from;from

练习：

1)Someparentsarejusttooprotective.Theywanttosheltertheirkidseverykindof

danger.

2)Sheusedanumbrellatotakesheltertheburningsun.

3)Wesatintheshade,(shelter)fromthesun.

4)Mymother,whohada(shelter)upbringing(抚育),hasfantasticmemoriesof

childhood.

5)Hemanagedtobuildalittlehutoutofdriftwoodtoshelterhim_______badweather.

答案：from;from;sheltering;sheltered;from

6.ruinn.[C]废墟(pl.mins)[U]破坏；毁坏；破产

v.毁掉；使破产

名词短语:

ruins严重受损；破败不堪

动词短语:

ruinone'shope使某人的希望破灭

ruinone'shealth损害某人的健康

ruinoneself自我毁灭

答案:lie/be;in

练习：

1)Yesterdayaheavyrain(ruin)ourpicnic.

2)WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighbourhoodin.

3)Atthattimemywife(ruin)herhealththroughworry.

答案：ruined;ruins;wasruining

7.inshock吃惊

shockvt.(使)震惊；(使)气愤；愤慨n.［U］休克；震惊［C］令人震惊的事；点击

adj.吃惊的；震惊的

adj.令人气愤的；令人震惊的

形容词短语：

beshocked/对...吃惊

beshockedthat对...感到震惊

beshockedsth.做某事很吃惊

答案：shocked;shocking;at;by;todo

练习：用shock的适当形式填空

1)Theybyherrudenessatyesterday'sparty.

2)Thenewseveryoneofusatthatmoment.

3)Allthepeoplepresentfeltattheaccident.

答案：wereshocked;shocking;shocked;shocked;shocking

8.thenumberof......的数目

在number之前可加large,small,great,good等表示程度

anumberof很多；许多

的词；只修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式

thenumberof……的数目修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式

练习：

1)对比填空(anumberof,thenumberof)

①studentswereabsentfromthemeeting.

@Asaconsequence,polarbearsisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.

2)用所给动词的适当形式填空

(3)Thenumberofundergraduates(increase)overtheyears.

④Agoodnumberofbooksinthemarket(be)stillexamination-oriented.

答案：Anumberof;thenumberof;hasincreased;are

9.trapvt.(trapped;trapped)使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.圈套；困境；(捕捉动物的)

夹子，罗网，陷阱

be/gettrapped/困在...中；陷在....中

trapsb.(doing)sth.诱使某人做某事

atrapfor给...设圈套

atrap落入圈套/陷阱

答案：in;on;into;set;fallinto

练习：

1)Becauseofthegreenhouseeffecttheearthiswarmedbygases(trap)intheatmosphere.

2)Theseincidentsledsomescientiststodevelopwaystokeepthecostlyrobotsfrom

(trap)inthesand.

答案：trapped;beingtrapped

9.buryvt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏

n.埋葬；葬礼

bury.../...寸巴...埋藏在....

beburied埋头于；专心于

buryoneself埋头于；专心致志于；隐居在

buryone'sface/headinhands

答案：burial;in;at;in;in;双手抱头；掩面

练习：

1)He(bury)himselfinthecountrytowriteabooklastyear.

2)Ourdogoften(bury)itsbonesinthegarden.

3)Oncethehouse(bury)undertenfeetofsnow.

4)Hewalkedslowly,hishands(bury)inhispockets.

5)Herheadwasburiedthebookwhileshewasreading.

6)Intheeveningsheburied(he)inhisbooks.

答案：buried；buries；wasburied;buried;in;himself

10.breathevi.&vt.呼吸

n.呼吸；气息

adj.气喘吁吁的

adv.气喘吁吁地

adj.令人惊叹的；惊人的

动词短语：

breathe/吸气/呼气

名词短语：

one'sbreath恢复正常呼吸

one'sbreath屏住呼吸

bebreath喘不过气来

takeone'sbreathaway

abreathofair/wind

答案：breath;breathless;breathlessly;breathtaking;in;out;catch;hold;outof;令某人惊

叹；一丝微风

练习：

1)Thereisn'ta(breathe)ofwindtoday.

2)Itisgood(breathe)infreshairinsteadofcitysmoke.

3)Hewas(breathe)heavilyafterchasingthebus.

4)Heavysmokingmakeshim__________(breath).

5)Thenewmanagerhas(breathe)freshlifeintothecompany.

6)Hehasgreatdifficultyincatching(he)breath.

7)Shewasoutof(breathe)fromclimbingthestairs.

8)Thedoctortoldmetobreatheandthenbreatheoutslowly.

答案：breath;tobreathe;breathing;breathless;breathed;his;breath;in

11.effortn.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力

makeefforts努力；尽力

makeefforts/anefforttodosth.(尽，切)努力做某事

12.suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦；遭受；变差

X

n.[C]受难者；患者

X

n.[C,U](身体/精神上的)痛苦(作可数名词时常用复数)

经受痛苦：遭受失败：

蒙受巨大损失：_________________________

心脏病发作：___________________________

suffer遭受；患……病；因……而痛苦

答案：sufferer;suffering;sufferpain;sufferadefeat;sufferhugelosses;sufferaheartattack;

from

练习：

1)Thewarhascausedterribletothelocalpeople.

2)Shereceivedmanylettersofsupportfromfellow.

3)Shortlyafterfromamassiveearthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins,thecitytook

onanewlook.

4)Youhavenofeelingfortheofothers.

5)Heheadinjuriesinaroadaccident.

答案：suffering;sufferers;suffering;sufferings;suffered

长难句

1.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!

asif的用法

意为“仿佛；好像”，与asthough同义，可以引导表语从句，也可以引导方式状语从句。

1)asif/asthough引导表语从句，主语中的系动词常用look,appear,seem,sound等。

Itsoundsasif/asthoughyouhadagoodtime.

2)asif/asthough引导方式状语从句

Irememberedthewholethingasif/asthoughithappenedyesterday.

3）asif还可引导状语从句。当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生（存在）的

情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：

与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用过去时（be动词用were）

与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用过去完成时（haddone）

与将来事实相反从句谓语动词用would/could/mightdo

1)Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasiftheyneverexisted.

他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。

2)ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIhaddoneit?

打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？

3)Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.

他张开嘴好像要说些什么。

练习：

①HetreatsmeasifI(be)hisowndaughter.

②Theytalkedasif/thoughthey(be)friendsforyears.

③Itseemsasif.

噪声似乎是从楼下传来的。

答案：were;hadbeen;thenoisecamefromupstairs.

2.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.

“主语+系动词+表语+todo”结构

在此结构中，表语一般为性质形容词，常见的性质形容词有easy,hard,difficult,safe,

interesting,heavy,light,pleasant,good,nice,comfortable,dangerous,impossible等。止匕句型可转

换成“It+be+adj.+动词不定式”的结构。

注意：

1)在该结构中，当动词不定式或句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式

表示被动意义。

Heisnoteasytogetalongwith.=Itisnoteasytogetalongwithhim.

Thebookisveryinterestingtoread.=Itisveryinterestingtoreadthebook.

2)当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，要在其后加上适当的介词。

Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfact,itisverycomfortabletositon.

=Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfact,itisverycomfortabletositonthechair.

练习：

1)Thismachineisveryeasy(operate).Anyonecanlearntouseitinafewminutes.

2)ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2more

comfortable(hold).

3)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood(breather).

4)Thenoiseoutsideishardtoputup.

5)isunfittodrinkthewaterinthiswell.

答案：tooperate;tohold;tobreathe;with;It

3.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soliderstoTangshantodigoutthosewho

weretrappedandtoburythedead.

常接动词不定式作宾补的动词

advise,allow,ask,command(命令)，encourage,invite,persuade(说月艮)，prefer,tell

练习：

1)Firstofall,pleaseallowme(introduce)myselftoyou.

2)Tom'sbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshim(study)hardandgo

tocollege.

3)TheChairmanthoughtitnecessarytoinviteatthemeeting.

答案：tointroduce;tostudy;tospeak

PeriodIIDiscoveringUsefulStructure&ListeningandTalking

1.supplyn.［C］供应（量）；储备；（复数）补给品，必需品［U］供应；供给

提供；供应

供应商

insupply供应短缺

supplysbsth.给某人提供某物supplysthsb提供某物给某人

be/suppliedwithsth,某物供应充足/不足

答案：supplier;short;with;to;well;poorly

练习：

1)Apipelinehasbeenbuilt(supply)someeasternprovinceswithnaturalgasfrom

thewestofChina.

2)Waterisshortsupply,pollutionisworsening,andthereisnoaffordablehousing

leftforthemtobuy.

3)Thebrainrequiresconstant(supply)ofoxygen.

4)Theloungewaswellsuppliedashtrays.

答案：tosupply;in;supply;with

2.survivevt.幸存；幸免于难；艰难度过；比……活(或存在)的时间长

1Vi.生存；存活；继续存在

n.幸存者；生还者

X

n.［U］幸存［C］残余物；幸存物

survive依靠..生存下来

答案：survivor;survival;on

练习：

1)AsfarasIknow,hesurvivedasmallbottleofwaterinthedesert.

2)Inthetrafficaccident,the(survive)wereallbadlyinjured.

3)Ifcancersarespottedearly,there?sahighchanceof(survive).

4)Herparentsdiedintheaccident,butshe(survive).

5)Noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equal

rights(survive).

答案：on;survivors;survival;survived;tosurvive

3.calmadj.镇静的；沉着的；(海洋、湖泊等)风平浪静的；(天气)无风的

v.(使)镇静；(使)平静

adv.镇定地；沉着地

I

n.平静；镇定

形容词短语：

//保持冷静

动词短语：

calm(sb)(使某人)安静下来；(使某人)平静下来

答案：calmly;calmness;keep;remain;stay;down

练习：

1)Allthingstheregavehimsfeelingofsecurityand(calm).

2)Everyonemustthinkthissituationthrough(calm)andcoolly.

3)Somepeoplesaysoftmusic(calm)ournerves(神经).

4)Hewasveryexcited,anditwaslongbeforehe(calm)down.

5)Neverhaveadrinkortakedrugstocalmyourself.

答案：calmness;calmly;calms;calmed;down

易混辨析：calm9quite9still与silent

易混词用法

calm指湖泊、海洋等处于一种风平浪静的状态；指人镇静或不慌张；还可以指地点、时

期、情况等是平静的或稳定的。

quiet指物时，表示没有喧闹或没有骚动，处于一种静止的状态或宁静的环境；

指人时，表示不发出声音或不发表意见，也可指人的性格温和、文静、不易激动等。

still主要指完全无动作，通常用于表示物理上的静止，不表示心理上的平静。

silent着重指沉默无语或没有声音，但不一定指没有动作或活动。

练习：

1)You'dbetterkeepaboutthisanddon'ttellanyoneelse.

2)Helivesalifeinthecountry.

3)PleasesitwhenItakeyourphoto.

4)Afterthestormtheseawas.

答案：silent/quiet;quiet;still;calm

4.aidn.援助；帮助；救援物资；援助款项v.帮助；援助

名词短语：

giveaid进行急救

theaidof在..的帮助下

/tosb'said=/totheaidofsb.帮助某人

aidofsb./sth.为了帮助某人/某事

动词短语:

aidsb(doing)sth.帮助某人(做)某事

aidsbtodosth.帮助某人做某事

aidsbsth.在某方面帮助某人

答案：first;with;come;go;come;go;in;in;with

练习：

1)Alargecrowdcametheaidoftheinjured.

2)Adictionarycanaiduslearninganewlanguage.

3)theaidofthelocalguide,wefinallymadeitoutofthejungle.

4)Theneighboursareplanningaconcertaidofthechurchrepairs.

答案:to;in;With;in

PeriodIIIReadingforWriting

1.sweep（swept,swept）v.打扫；清扫；吹走；冲走；横扫；掠过；风行

n.清洁工；清扫机器

sweep打扫；清扫

sweep消灭；摧毁；彻底消除

sweep//扫视；掠过

sweep扫过；掠过；风行

答案：sweeper;up;away;over;across;around;through

2.strikevi.&vt.（struck,struck/stricken）

I

____________n.前锋

1）突然发生（某种不幸）；（灾难、疾病等）侵袭

常用搭配：

bestruck被..侵袭

2）碰撞；撞击

3）攻击；突然袭击

strike朝..打去strike回击；反击

4）（使）突然想起；（使）突然想到

______________________________________=Itoccurstosbthat...使某人突然想起

5）（摩擦）打（火花）；划；击出（火星）、

6）（时钟）敲，鸣，响

7)v.&n.罢工

bestrike在罢工gostrike举行1罢工

答案：striker;by;at;back;Itstrikessbthat;on;on

练习：

1)Thetowerofthechurch(strike)bylightinglastnight.

2)Theelectricityworkershavebeenstrikeforseveralweeks.

3)Hefell,hishead(strike)onthetable.

答案：wasstruck;on;striking

3.delivervt.&vi.递送；传达vt•发表

I

n.传递；传送

deliversth....把某物投递/传送/运送到....

deliversb....把某人从……中解救出来

delivera/发表演讲

答案：delivery;to;from;speech;address

4.effectn.影响；结果；效果；效应；作用

V.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动

adj.有效的；实际的

____________adj.无效的

adv.有效地；实际地

常用搭配：

havean/no/much/littleeffect...对..有/没有/有很大/几乎没有影响

andeffect因果(关系)

sideeffect(s)________________

effect开始起作用；见效

takeeffect/comeintoeffect生效

答案：affect