历年MBA阅读真题

历年MBA阅读真题

06年阅读真题

Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Officejobsareamongthepositionshardesthitbycompumation（计算机自动化）.

Wordprocessorsandtypistswillloseabout93,000jobsoverthenextfewyears,while57,000

secretarialjobswillvanish.BlamethePC:Today,manyexecutivestypetheirownmemosand

carrytheir“secretaries“inthepalmsoftheirhands.Timeisalsohardforstockclerks,whose

ranksareexpectedtodecreaseby68,000.Andemployeesinmanufacturingfirmsandwholesalers

arebeingreplacedwithcomputerizedsystems.

Butnoteveryonewholosesajobwillendupintheunemploymentline.Manywillshiftto

growingpositionswithintheirowncompanies.Whennewtechnologiesshookupthetelecomm

business,telephoneoperatorJudyDoughertypursuedretraining.Sheisnowacommunications

technician,earningabout$64,000peryear.Ofcourse,ifyou'vebeenatollboothcollectorforthe

past30years,andyoufindyourselfreplacedbyanE-ZPassmachine,itmaybeoflittle

consolation（安慰）toknowthatthetelecomfieldisbooming.

Andthat'sjustit:Theserviceeconomyisfading:welcometotheexpertise（专门知识）

economy.Tosucceedinthenewjobmarket,youmustbeabletohandlecomplexproblems.

Indeed,allbutoneofthe50highest-payingoccupations--air-trafficcontroller-demandsatleast

abachelor\degree.

Forthosewithjustahighschooldiploma（毕业证书goingtogettoughertofinda

well-payingjob.Sincefewerfactoryandclericaljobswillbeavailable.what'sleftwillbethejobs

thatcompumationcan'tkill:computerscan'tcleanoffices,orcareforAlzheimer'spatients（老年

痴呆病人）.But,sincemostpeoplehavetheskillstofillthosepositions,thewagesstay

painfullylow,meaningcompumationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedge（楔子）betweentherich

andpoor,Thebestadvicenow,Neverstoplearning,andkeepupwithnewtechnology.

Forbusyadultsofcoursethatcanbetough,thegoodnewsisthattheverytechnologythat's

reducingsomanyjobsisalsomakingiteasiertogobacktoschoolwithouthavingtositina

classroom.So-calledInternetdistancelearningishot,withmorethanthreemillionstudents

currentlyenrolled,anditsgainingcredibilitywithemployers.

Areyouatriskoflosingyourjobtoacomputer?CheckthefederalBureauofLabor

Statistics5OccupationalOutlookHandbook,whichisavailableonlineat.

41.Fromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthatallofthefollowingpersonsareeasilythrowninto

unemploymentEXCEPT.

A.secretariesB.stockclerksC.managersD.wholesalers

42.Inthesecondparagraphtheauthormentionsthetollboothcollectorto

A.meanhewillgetbenefitsfromthetelecommfield

B.showheistoooldtoshifttoanewposition

C.consolehimonhavingbeenreplacedbyamachine

D.blamethePCforhisunemployment

43.Bysaying”■"compumationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedgebetweentherichand

poor”（line5.Para4）theauthormeans

A.peoplearegettingricherandricher

B.therewillbeasmallgapbetweenrichandpoor

C.thegapbetweenrichandpoorisgettinglargerandlarger

D.it'stimetocloseupthegapbetweentherichandpoor

44.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardscomputers?

A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.prejudiced

45.Whichofthefollowingmightserveasthebesttitleofpassage?

A.BlamingthePC

B.Theboomingtelecommfield

C.Internetdistanceleaning

D.Keepingupwithcompumation

Question46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage：

Tensofthousandsof18-year-oldswillgraduatethisyearandbehandedmeaningless

diplomas.Thesediplomaswon'tlookanydifferentfromthoseawardedtheirluckierclassmates.

Theirvaliditywillbequestionedonlywhentheiremployersdiscoverthatthesegraduatesare

semiliterate（半文盲）

Eventuallyafortunatefewwillfindtheirwayintoeducational-repairshops—adult-literacy

programs,suchastheonewhereIteachbasicgrammarandwriting.There,high-schoolgraduates

andhigh-schooldropoutspursuinggraduate-equivalencycertificateswilllearntheskillsthey

shouldhavelearnedinschool,theywillalsodiscovertheyhavebeencheatedbyoureducational

system.

Iwillneverforgetateacherwhogottheattentionofoneofmychildrenbyrevealingthe

trumpcardoffailure.Ouryoungest,aworld-classcharmer,didlittletodevelophisintellectual

talentsbutalwaysgotbyUntilMrs.Stifter.

Oursonwashigh-schoolseniorwhenbehadherforEnglish.'4Hesitsinthebackoftheroom

talkingtohisfriends.^^shetoldme,“Whydon'tyoumovehimtothefrontrow?”Iurged,

believingtheembarrassmentwouldgethimtosettledown,Mrs.Stiftersaid,"don'tmoveseniors.

Iflunk（使…不及格）them."Ourson'sacademiclifeflashedbeforemyeyes.Noteacherhadever

threatenedhim.BythetimeIgothomeIwasfeelingprettygoodaboutthis.Itwasaradical

approachforthesetimes,butwell,Whynot?"She'sgoingtoflunkyou.^^Itoldmyson.

Ididnotdiscussitanyfurther.SuddenlyEnglishbecameapriority（头等重要）inhislife.He

finishedoutthesemesterwithanA.

Iknowoneexampledoesn'tmakeacase,butatnightIseeaparadeofstudentswhoareangry

forhavingbeenpassedalonguntiltheycouldnolongerevenpretendtokeepup.Ofaverage

intelligenceorbetter,theyeventuallyquitschool,concludingtheyweretoodumbtofinish."I

shouldhavebeenheldback,“isacommentIhearfrequently.Evensadderarethosestudentswho

arehigh-schoolgraduateswhosaytomeafterafewweeksofclass."Idon'tknowhowIevergot

ahigh-schooldiploma.^^

Passingstudentswhohavenotmasteredtheworkcheatsthemandtheemployerswhoexpect

graduatestohavebasicskills.Weexcusethisdishonestbehaviorbysayingkidscan'tlearnifthey

comefromterribleenvironments.Nooneseemstostoptothinkthatmostkidsdon'tputschool

firstontheirlistunlesstheyperceivesomethingisatrisk.They'dratherbesailing.

ManystudentsIseeatnighthavedecidedtomakeeducationapriority.Theyaremotivatedby

thedesireforabetterjobortheneedtohangontotheonethey'vegot,theyhaveahealthyfearof

failure.

Peopleofallagescanriseabovetheirproblems,buttheyneedtohaveareasontodoso.Yong

peoplegenerallydon'thavethematuritytovalueeducationinthesamewaymyadultstudents

valueit.Butfearoffailurecanmotivateboth.

46.Whatisthesubjectofthisessay?

A.viewpointonlearning

B.aqualifiedteacher

C.theimportanceofexamination

D.thegenerationgap

47.HowdidMrs.Siftergettheattentionofoneoftheauthor'schildren?

A.flunkinghim

B.movinghisseat

C.blaminghim

D.playingcardwithhim

48.Theauthorbelievesthatthemosteffectivewayforateacheristo

A.purifytheteachingenvironments.

B.setupcooperationbetweenteachersandparents.

C.holdbackstudent.

D.motivatestudent.

49.Fromthepassagewecandrawtheconclusionthattheauthors?attitudetowardflunkingis

A.negativeB.positiveC.biasedD.indifferent

50.Judgingfromthecontent,thispassageisprobablywrittenfor

A.administratorsB.studentsC.teachersD.parents

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Nameshavegainedincreasingimportanceinthecompetitiveworldofhighereducation.As

collegesstriveformarketshare,theyarelookingfornamesthatprojecttheimagetheywantor

reflectthechangestheyhopetomakeTrentonStateCollege,forexample,becametheCollegeof

NewJerseynineyearsagowhenitbeganraisingadmissionsstandardsandappealingtostudents

fromthroughoutthestate.

“AllIhearinhighereducationis,“Brand,brand,brand,“saidTimWesterbeck,who

specializesinbrandingandismanagingdirectorofLipmanHearne,amarketingfirmbasedin

Chicagothatworkswithuniversitiesandothernonprofitorganizations."Therehasbeenasea

changeoverthelast10years.Marketingusedtobealmostadirtywordinhighereducation.^^

Notalleffortsatnamechangesaresuccessful,ofcourse.In1997,theNewSchoolforSocial

ResearchbecameNewSchoolUniversitytoreflectitsgrowthintoacollectionofeightcolleges,

offeringalistofmajorsthatincludespsychology,music,urbanstudiesandmanagement.ButNew

YorkerscontinuedtocallittheNewSchool.

Now,afterspendinganundisclosedsumonanonlinesurveyandamarketingconsultant's

creationofuhammingstructures.^brandarchitectureand“identitysystems,“theuniversity

hascomeupwithanewname:TheNewSchool.BeginningMonday,itwilladoptnewlogos（标

识），banners,businesscardsandevennewnamesfortheindividualcolleges,alltoincludethe

words"theNewSchool.”

Changesinnamesgenerallyrevealsignificantshiftsinhowacollegewantstobeperceived.

InalteringitsnamefromCalStateHayward,toCalState,EastBay,theuniversityhopedto

projectitsexpandingroleintwomostlysuburbancountrieseastofSanFrancisco.

TheUniversityofSouthernColorado,astateinstitution,becameColoradoStateUniversityat

Pueblotwoyearsago,hopingtohighlightmanyinternalchanges,includingofferingmore

graduateprogramsandsettinghigheradmissionsstandards.

BeaverCollegeturneditselfintoArcadiaUniversityin2001forseveralreasons:tobreakthe

connectionwithitspastasawomen,scollege,topromoteitsgrowthintoafull-fledged（完全成

熟的）universityandofficialsacknowledged,toeliminatesomejokesaboutthecollege飞old

nameonlate-nighttelevisionand“morningzoo“radioshows.

Manycollegeofficialssaidchanginganameandimagecouldproducesubstantialresults.At

Arcadia,inadditiontotheriseinapplications,theaveragestudent'stestscorehasincreasedby60

points,JuliRoebeck,anArcadiaspokeswoman,said.

51.whichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforcollegestochangetheirnames?

A.Theypreferhighereducationcompetition

B.Theytrytogainadvantageinmarketshare.

C.Theywanttoprojecttheirimage.

D.Theyhopetomakesomechanges.

52.Itisimpliedthatoneofthemostsignificantchangesinhighereducationinthepastdecadeis

A.thebrand.

B.thecollegenames

C.theconceptofmarketing

D.listofmajors.

53.Thephrase"comeupwith1'（Line3Para4）probablymeans

A.catchupwith

B.dealwith

C.putforward

D.cometotherealization

54ThecaseofnamechangingfromCalStateHaywardtoCalStateindicatesthattheuniversity

A.isperceivedbythesociety

B.hopestoexpanditsinfluence

C.preferstoreformitsreachingprograms

D.expectstoenlargeitscampus

55.Accordingtothespokeswoman,thenamechangeofBeaverCollege

A.turnsoutverysuccessful

B.failstoattainitsgoal

C.haseliminatedsomejokes

D.hastransformeditsstatus

Question56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Itlookedjustlikeanotheraircraftfromtheoutside.Thepilottoldhisyoungpassengersthatit

wasbuiltin1964.Butappearancesweredeceptive,andthe13studentsfromEuropeandtheUSA

whoboardedtheaircraftwereinfortheflightoftheirlives.

Insidetheareathatnormallyhadseatshadbecomealongwhitetunnel.Heavilypadded（填塞）

fromfloortoceiling,itlookedabitstrange.Therewerealmostnowindows,butlightsalongthe

paddedwallsilluminatedit.Mostoftheseatshadbeentakenoutapartfromafewattheback

wheretheyoungscientistsquicklytooktheirplaceswithalookoffear.

For12months,sciencestudentsfromacrossthecontinentshadcompetedtowinaplaceon

theflightattheinvitationoftheEuropeanSpaceAgency.Thechallengehadbeentosuggest

imaginativeexperimentstobeconductedinweightlessconditions.

Forthenexttwohourstheflightresembledthatofanenormousbirdwhichhadloseits

reason,shootingupwardstowardstheheavensbeforerushingtowardsEarth.Theinventionwasto

achieveweightlessnessforafewseconds.

Theaircrafttookoffsmoothlyenough.ButanyfeelingsthatIandtheyoungscientistshad

thatwewereonanythinglikeascheduledpassengerservicewerequicklydismissedwhenthe

pilotputtheplaneintoa45degreeclimbwhichlastedaround20seconds.Thentheenginescut

ourandwebecameweightless.Everythingbecameconfusedandleftorright,upordownno

longerhadanymeaning.Aftertensecondsoffreefalldescentthepilotpulledtheaircraftoutofits

nosedive.Thereturnofgravitywaslessimmediatethanitsloss,butwasstillsuddenenoughto

ensurethatsomestudentscamedownwithabump.

Eachtimethepilotcuttheenginesandwebecameweightless,anewteamconductedits

experiment.FirstitwastheDucthwhowantedtodiscoverhowitisthatcatsalwayslandontheir

feet.ThentheGermanteamwhoconductedasuccessfulexperimentonatraditionalbuilding

methodtoseeifcouldbeusedforbuildingafurtherspacestation.theAmericanshadanideato

createsolarsailsthatcouldbeusedbysatellites.

Aftertwohoursofgoingupanddowninthelanedoingtheirexperiments,thepredominate

feelingwasoneofexcitementratherthansickness.Mostofthestudentsthoughtitwasan

unforgettableexperienceandonetheywouldbekeentorepeat.

56.Whatdidthewritersayabouttheplane?.

A、Ithadnoseats.

B、Itwaspaintedwhite.

C、Ithadnowindows.

D、Theoutsidewasmisleading.

57.Accordingtothewriter,howdidtheyoungscientistsfeelbeforetheflight?

A、sickB、keenC、nervousD、impatient

58.whatdidthepilotdowiththeplaneafterittookoff?

A、Hequicklyclimbedandthenstoppedtheengines.

B、Heclimbedandthenmadetheplanefallslowly.

C、Hetookoffnormallyandthencuttheenginesfor20seconds.

D、Heclimbedandthenmadetheplaneturnover.

59.Accordingtothepassage,thepurposeofbeingweightlesswasto

A.seewhatconditionsarelikeinspace

B.preparetheyoungscientistsforfutureworkinspace

C.showthejudgesofthecompetitionwhattheycoulddo

D.maketheteamstryouttheirideas

60.Thispassagewaswrittento

A.encourageyoungpeopletotakeupscience

B.describetheprocessofascientificcompetition

C.showscientistswhatyoungpeoplecando

D.reportonanewscientifictechnique

07年阅读真题

Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Priortothe20thcentury,manylanguageswithsmallnumbersofspeakersforcenturies.The

increasinglyinterconnectedmodemworldmakesitmuchmoredifficultforsmalllanguage

communitiestoliveinrelativeisolation,akeyfactorinlanguagemaintenanceandpreservation.

Itremainstobeseenwhethertheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticandculturaldiversityin

thecenturiesahead.Manypowerfulforcesappeartoworkagainstit:populationgrowth,which

pushesmigrantpopulationsintotheworld'slastisolatedlocations;masstourism;global

telecommunicationsandmassmedia;andthespreadofgiganticglobalcorporations.Allofthese

forcesappeartosignifyafutureinwhichthelanguageofadvertising,popularculture,and

consumerproductsbecomesimilar.AlreadyEnglishandafewothermajortongueshaveemerged

asgloballanguagesofcommerceandcommunication.Formanyoftheworld'speoples,learning

oneoftheselanguagesisviewedasthekeytoeducation,economicopportunity,andabetterway

oflife.

Onlyabout3,000languagesnowinuseareexpectedtosurvivethecomingcentury.Aremost

oftherestdoomedinthecenturyafterthat?

Whethermostoftheselanguagessurvivewillprobablydependonhowstronglycultural

groupswishtokeeptheiridentityalivethroughanativelanguage.Todosowillrequirean

emphasisonbilingualism(masteryoftwolanguages).Bilingualspeakerscouldusetheirown

languageinsmallerspheresathome,amongfriends,incommunitysettingsandaglobal

languageatwork.,indealingswithgovernment,andincommercialspheres.Inthisway,many

smalllanguagescouldsustaintheirculturalandlinguisticintegrityalongsidegloballanguages,

ratherthanyieldtothehomogenizing（同化的）forcesofglobalization.

Ironically,thetrendoftechnologicalinnovationthatthreatenedminoritylanguagescouldalso

helpsavethem.Forexample,someexpertspredictthatcomputersoftwaretranslationtoolswill

onedaypermitminoritylanguagespeakerstobrowsetheInternetusingtheirnativetongues.

Linguistsarecurrentlyusingcomputer—aidedlearningtoolstoteachavarietyofthreatened

languages.

Formanyendangeredlanguages,thelinebetweenrevivalanddeathisextremelythin.

Languageisremarkablyresilient（有活力的），however.Itisnotjustatoolforcommunicating,but

alsoapowerfulwayofseparatingdifferentgroups,orofdemonstratinggroupidentity.Many

indigenous（原生的，土著的）communitieshaveshownthatitispossibletoliveinthemodem

worldwhilereclaimingtheiruniqueidentitiesthroughlanguage.

41.Minoritylanguagescanbebestpreservedin

A.anincreasinglyinterconnectedworld

B.maintainingsmallnumbersofspeakers

C.relativelyisolatedlanguagecommunities

D.followingthetraditionofthe20thcentury

42.Accordingtoparagraph2thattheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticdiversityinthefutureis

A.uncertainB.unrealisticC.foreseeableD.definite

43.Accordingtotheauthor,bilingualismcanhelp

A.smalllanguagesbecomeacceptableinworkplaces

B.homogenizetheworld'slanguagesandcultures

C.globallanguagesreachhomeandcommunitysettings

D.speakersmaintaintheirlinguisticandculturalidentity

44.Computertechnologyishelpfulforpreservingminoritylanguagesinthatit

A.makeslearningagloballanguageunnecessary

B.facilitatesthelearningandusingofthoselanguages

C.raisespublicawarenessofsavingthoselanguages

D.makesiteasierforlinguiststostudythoselanguages

45.Intheauthor'sview,manyendangeredlanguagesare

A.remarkablewell-keptinthismodernworld

B.exceptionallypowerfultoolsofcommunication

C.quitepossibletoberevivedinsteadofdyingout

D.auniquewayofbringingdifferentgroupstogether

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Everyone,itseems,hasahealthproblem.AfterpouringbillionsintotheNationalHealth

Service,Britishpeoplemoanaboutdirtyhospitals.Longwaitsandwastedmoney.InGermanythe

newchancellor,AngelaMerkelisunderfireforsuggestingchangingthefinancingofitshealth

system.Canada'snewConservativePrimeMinisterStephenHarpermadeabigfussduringthe

electionaboutreducingthecountry'slengthymedicalqueues.Acrosstherichworld,affluence,

ageingandadvancingtechnologyaredrivinguphealthspendingfasterthanincome.

ButnowherehasabiggerhealthproblemthanAmerica.Soaringmedicalbillsaresqueezing

wages,swellingtheranksoftheuninsuredandpushinghugefirmsandperhapseventhe

governmenttowardsbankruptcy.Ford'sannouncementthisweekthatitwouldcutupto30.000

jobsby2012wasasmuchasignofits“legacy“health-carecostsasoftheillsofthecarindustry.

Pushedbypollsthatshowhealthcareisoneofhismaindomesticproblemsandbyforecasts

showingthattheretiringbaby-boomers(生育高峰期出生的人)willcrushthegovernment's

finances.GeorgeBushistounveilareformplaninnextweek'sstate-ofthe-unionaddress.

America'shealthsystemisunlikeanyother.TheUniteStatesspends16%ofitsGDPon

health,aroundtwicetherich-countryaverage,equivalentto$6,280foreveryAmericaneachyear.

Yetitistheonlyrichcountrythatdoesnotguaranteeuniversalhealthcoverage.Thankstoan

accidentofhistory,mostAmericansreceivehealthinsurancethroughtheiremployer,withthe

governmentpickingupthebillforthepoorandtheelderly.

Thiscurioushybrid(混合物)certainlyhasitsstrengths.Americanshavemorechoicethan

anybodyelse,andtheirhealth-caresystemismuchmoreinnovative.Europeansbillscouldbe

muchhigherifAmericanmedicinewerenotdoingmuchoftheirResearchandDevelopment

(R&D)forthem.Buttherearealsohugeweaknesses.Theonemostoftencited-especiallyby

foreigners-isthearmyofuninsured.Some46millionAmericansdonothavecover.Inmanycases

thatisoutofchoiceand,iftheyfallseriouslyill,hospitalshavetotreatthem.Butitisstilldeeply

unequal.Andtherearealsoshockinginefficiencies:bysomemeasures,30%ofAmericanhealth

spendingiswasted.

Thenthereisthequestionofstatesupport.ManyAmericansdisapproveofthe"'socialized

medicine“ofCanadaandEurope.Infact,evenifmuchoftheadministrationisdoneprivately,

around60%ofAmerica'shealth-carebillendsupbeingmetbythegovernment.Proportionately,

theAmericanstatealreadyspendsasmuchonhealthastheOECD(OrganizationofEconomic

CooperationandDevelopment)averageandthatshareissettogrowasthebaby-boomersrunup

theirMedicarebillsandevermoreemployersavoidprovidinghealth-carecoverage.Americais,in

effect,headingtowardsaversionofsocializedmedicinebydefault.

46.HealthproblemsmentionsinthepassageincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT

A.poorhospitalconditionsinUK

B.AngelaMerkelunderattack

C.healthfinancinginGermany

D.longwaitinglinesinCanada

47.Ford'sannouncementofcuttingupto30,000jobsby2012indicatesthatFord

A.hasthebiggesthealthproblemofthecarindustry

B.hasmadeprofitsfromitshealth-carelegacy

C.hasaccumulatedtooheavyahealth-careburden

D.owesagreatdealofdebttoitsemployees

48.Intheauthor'sopinion,America'shealthsystemis

A.inefficientB.feasibleC.unpopularD.successful

49Itisimpliedinthepassagethat

A.America'shealthsystemhasitsstrengthsandweaknesses

B.theUSgovernmentpaysmedicalbillsforthepoorandtheelderly

C.some46millionAmericansdonothavemedicalinsurance

D.EuropeansbenefitalotfromAmerica'smedicalresearch

50Fromthelastparagraphwemaylearnthatthe'"socializedmedicine"is

A.apracticeofCanadaandEurope

B.apolicyadoptedbytheUSgovernment

C.intendedfortheretiringbaby-boomers

D.administeredbyprivateenterprises

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

WhenThomasKeller,oneofAmerica'sforemostchefs,announcedthatonSept.1hewould

abolishthepracticeoftippingatPerSe.hisluxuryrestaurantinNewYorkCity,andreplaceit

withEuropean-styleservicecharge,Iknewthreegroupswouldbeopposed:customers,servers

andrestaurantowners.Thesethreegroupsareallcommittedtotippingastheyquicklymadeclear

onWebsites.Toopposetipping,itseems,istobeantcapitalist,andmaybeevenalittleFrench.

ButMr.Kellerisrighttomoveawayfromtipping——andit'sworthexploringwhyjustabout

everyoneelseintherestaurantworldiswrongtostickwiththepractice.

Customersbelieveintippingbecausetheythinkitmakeseconomicsense."Waitersknow

thattheywon'tgetpaidiftheydon'tdoagoodjob“ishowmostadvocatesofthesystemwould

putit.Tobesure,thisisatempting,apparentlyrationalstatementabouteconomictheory,butit

appearstohavelittleapplicabilitytotherealworldofrestaurants.

MichaelLynn,anassociateprofessorofconsumerbehaviorandmarketingatComelFs

SchoolofHotelAdministration,hasconducteddozensofstudentsoftippingandhasconcluded

thatconsumers5assessmentsofthequalityofservicecorrelateweaklytotheamounttheytip.

Rather,customersarelikelytotipmoreinresponsetoserverstouchingthemlightlyand

leaningforwardnexttothetabletomakeconversationthantohowoftentheirwaterglassis

refilled.Inthewords,customerstipmorewhentheyliketheserver,notwhentheserviceisgood.

Mr.Lynn'sstudiesalsoindicatethatmalecustomersincreasetheirtipsforfemaleserverswhile

femalecustomersincreasetheirtipsformaleservers.

What'smore,consumersseemtoforgetthatthetipincreasesasthebillincreases.Thus,the

tippingsystemisanopeninvitationtowhatrestaurantprofessionalscallt^upwelling^^:everybottle

ofimportedwater,everyespressoandeverycocktailisextramoneyintheserver'spocket.

Aggressiveupwellingfortipsisoftenrewardedwhilelow-key,qualityserviceoftengoes

unrecognized.

Inaddition,thepracticeoftippooling,whichisthenorminfine-diningrestaurantsandis

becomingmoreineverykindofrestaurantabovethelevelofagreasyspoon,hasruinedwhatever

effectvotingwithyourtipmighthavehadonanindividualwaiter.Inanunreasonableoutcome,

youarepunishingthegoodwaitersintherestaurantbynottippingthebadone.Indeed,there

appeartobelittleconnectionbetweentippingandgoodservice.

51.ItmaybeinferredthataEuropean-styleservice.

A.istipping-freeB.chargeslittletip

C.istheauthor'sinitiativeD.isofferedatPer-se

52.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Tippingisacommonpracticeintherestaurantworld.

B.Waitersdon'tcareabouttipping.

C.Customersgenerallybelieveintipping.

D.Tippinghaslittleconnectionwiththequalityofservice.

53.AccordingtoMichaelLynn'sstudies,waiterswilllikelygetmoretipsifthey

A.haveperformedgoodservice

B.frequentlyrefillcustomers5waterglass

C.wincustomersfavor

D.servecustomersofthesamesex

54.Wemayinferfromthecontextthat<4upwelling^^(Line2,Para6)probablymeans

A.sellingsomethingup

B.sellingsomethingfancy

C.sellingsomethingunnecessary

D.sellingsomethingmoreexpensive

55.Thispassageismainlyabout

A.reasonstoabolishthepracticeoftipping

B.economicsenseoftipping

C.consumersattitudestowardstipping

D.tippingforgoodservice

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

“Ipromise.^^“Isweartoyouit'llneverhappenagain.”“Igiveyoumayword.^^“Honestly.

Believeme."sure,Itrust.Whynot?IteachEnglishcompositionataprivatecollege.Witha

certainexcitementandintensity,Ireadmystudents5