计算机专业英语省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖

ProfessionalEnglishinComputerFieldChapterFiveProgrammingLanguages1/15内容正文HistoryofProgrammingLanguagesObject-orientedProgramming阅读材料IntroductiontoTheC#LanguageandThe.NETFrameworkIntroductiontoPython2/151HistoryofProgrammingLanguages3/15KeyWordspunchcard n.穿孔卡片appearance n.外观decimal adj.十进位formulaic adj.公式Turingmachine 图灵机magneticdrum 磁鼓assemblylanguage 汇编语言error-prone 易于犯错Backus-NaurForm(BNF) BNF范式context-free 上下文无关lexical adj.词汇;语词4/15KeyWordspolymorphic adj.多形态tedious adj.冗长乏味defensecontractors 国防承包商postulate v.假设compilation n.编译garbagecollection 垃圾回收statictyping 静态验证extendedstaticchecking 延伸静态检验modularity n.模块mixin n.混合类型delegate n.委托punctuation n.标点符号5/15NotesItsprincipaluseisinrigorousanalysesofalgorithmiccomplexity.

Theintroductionoflexicalscopingfornamesinarbitrarilynestedscopes.

However,oneimportantnewtrendinlanguagedesignwasanincreasedfocusonprogrammingforlarge-scalesystemsthroughtheuseofmodules,orlarge-scaleorganizationalunitsofcode.

它主要应用在对算法复杂性精密分析中。

在任意嵌套中引入了变量名语义（作用）范围。

然而，语言设计一个主要新趋势是应用模块或大型企业级代码单元来开发大型系统已经成为关注焦点。6/15NotesThelimitedspeedandmemorycapacityforcedprogrammerstowritehandtunedassemblylanguageprograms.ThedesignofJavawasamoreconservativeversionofideasexploredmanyyearsearlierintheSmalltalkcommunity,butthewidespreadadoptionoflanguagesthatsupportedfeatureslikegarbagecollectionandstrongstatictypingwasamajorchangeinprogrammingpractice.

有限速度和内存容量迫使程序员手工编写优化了汇编程序。

Java设计比Smalltalk小区在很多年前就已经探索过想法更保守，不过，对于支持垃圾回收和强静态类型等特征编程语言广泛采取是一个在实际编程中主要改变。7/152Object-orientedProgramming8/15KeyWordsobject-oriented adj.面向对象paradigm n.范例inheritance n.继承modularity n.模块性polymorphism n.多态性encapsulation n.封装nascent adj.早期virtue n.优点attribute n.属性property n.属性behavior n.行为9/15KeyWordsfeature n.特征jargon n.行话trait n.特征combinatorial adj.组合extrapolation n.推断notion n.概念cement v.加强toolkit n.工具包，软件包event-drivenprogramming 事件驱动编程思想virtualmachine 虚拟机10/15NotesObject-orientedprogramming'srootsreachallthewaybacktothecreationoftheSimulaprogramminglanguageinthe1960s,whenthenascentfieldofsoftwareengineeringhadbeguntodiscusstheideaofasoftwarecrisis.Object-orientedprogrammingmaybeseenasacollectionofcooperatingobjects,asopposedtoatraditionalviewinwhichaprogrammaybeseenasacollectionoffunctions,orsimplyasalistofinstructionstothecomputer.面向对象编程根源能够追溯到60年代出现Simula编程语言，当初新生软件工程界已经开始讨论软件危机了。面向对象程序可能能够被看成一个由相互合作对象组成集合，而传统看法则把程序看成由许多函数组成集合，或是简单计算机指令集合。11/15NotesAclassshouldtypicallyberecognizabletoanon-programmerfamiliarwiththeproblemdomain,meaningthatthecharacteristicsoftheclassshouldmakesenseincontext.一个类通常对于熟悉问题域非程序员应该是可识别，也就是说，类特征在上下文中应该有意义。12/15ReadingMaterial1

IntroductiontoTheC#LanguageandThe.NETFramework

13/15ExercisesThe___________________wasanabstractionoftheoperationofatape-markingmachine,forexample,inuseatthetelephonecompanies.In1948,KonradZusepublishedapaperabouthisprogramminglanguage_____________________________________________,anearlysystemsprogramminglanguage,wasdevelopedbyDennisRitchieandKenThompsonatBellLabsbetween1969and1973.The1960sand1970salsosawconsiderabledebateoverthemeritsof___________________,whichessentiallymeantprogrammingwithouttheuseof________________.Inthe1980s,oneimportanttrendinlanguagedesignwasanincreasedfocusonprogrammingforlarge-scalesystemsthroughtheuseof_____________,or__________________________________ofcode.Object-orientedprogramming(OOP)isaprogrammingparadigmthatuses"__________"todesignapplicationsandcomputerprograms.__________isbehaviorthatvariesdependingontheclassinwhichthebehaviorisinvoked,thatis,twoormoreclassescanreactdifferentlytothesamemessage.A__________definestheabstractcharacteristicsofathing,includingthething'scharacteristics(itsattributesorproperties)andthethingsitcando(itsbehaviorsormethodsorfeatures).14/15questionsPleaselistatleast5kindsofprogramminglanguagesinthe1950sand1960s.Brieflydescribefourkindsofmajorlanguageparadigmsnowinuseinthisperiodbetween1967and1978.Brieflydescribethegreatchangesofprogramminglanguagesinthe1980s.HowdoestherapidgrowthoftheInternetinthemid-1