2016职称英语新增短文(字典版)

NEW1、CommonQuestionsaboutDreamsD、Ourmostpowerfuldreamsdon'thappenduringdeep

Doeseveryonedream?sleep.

Yes.Researchshowsthatweal1dream.WehaveE、Tolearntounderstandyourdreams,thinkabout

ourmostvividdreamsduringatypeofsleepcalledwhateachpartofthedreammeanstoyouorreminds

RapidEyeMovement(REM)sleep.DuringREMsleep,youof.

thebrainisveryactive.TheeyesmovequicklybackF、Sometimes,though,peoplesuddenlyremembera

andforthunderthelids,andthelargemusclesofdreamlaterinthedayoronanotherday.

thebodyarerelaxed.REMsleepoccursevery90-100

minutes,threetofourtimesanight,anditlasts【理解】：

longerasthenightgoeson.__1___Wedreamat1、B文U」第一部分主要介绍快速眼动睡眠期，而且前一句正

othertimesduringthenight,too,butthosedreams好提到每晚快速眼动睡眠期的间隔时间、出现频率及其持续时

arelessvivid.间的情况。

Dopeopleremembertheirdreams?2、F题目所在的前一句提到大多数人会忘记晚上所发生的几

Afewpeopleremembertheirdreams.However,乎所有事情，而后一句中又提到人们对梦的记忆好像没有完全

mostpeopleforgetnearlyeverythingthathappened丢失，由此可以推断出中间这一句应该说的是人有时会记起自

duringthenight-dreams,thoughts,andtheshort己的梦。

periodsoftimewhentheywereawake.__2___It3、C文中第三部分提到梦是彩色的，前面主耍讲的是人们

seemsthatthememoryofthedreamisnottotally可能意识不到这个问题以及意识不到的原因，由此可以推断后

lost,butforsomereasonitisveryhardtobring面应该会提到那些可以意识到这个问题的人。

itback.Ifyouwanttorememberyourdream,thebest4、A文中第四部分讲的是梦的意义，而且后面主要提到人们

thingtodoistowriteitdownassoonasyouwake会利用梦做些什么，这也就意味着人们会思考他们的梦而且相

up.信梦是有意义的。

Aredreamsincolor?5、E后一句讲的是要寻找梦与现实的联系。

Mostdreamsareincolor.However,peoplemay

notbeawareofitfortworeasons：Theydon'tNEW2、BabyTalk

usuallyrememberthedetailsoftheirdreams,or

theydon'tnoticethecolorbecauseitissuchaBabiesnormallystarttotalkwhentheyare13

naturalpartofourlives.___3___to15monthsold.RyanJonesisonlyeightmonths

Dodreamshavemeaning?old,butheisalready“talking”withhisparents.

Scientistscontinuetodebatethisissue.Whenlieishungry,heopensandcloseshishand.

_4SomepeopleusedreamstohelpthemlearnThismeansmilk.Healsoknowsthesignsforhis

moreabouttheirfeelings,thoughts,behavior,favoritetoyandthewordmore.

motives,andvalues.OthersfindthatdreamscanRyanisnotdeaf,andhisparentsarenotdeaf,

helpthemsolveproblems.It'salsotruethatbuthismotherandfatherareteachinghimtosign.

artists,writers,andscientistsoftengetcreativeTheysayawordandmakeasignatthesametime.

ideasfromdreams.Theyrepeatthisagainandagain.When___1___

,

HowcanIlearntounderstandmydreams?Ryansparentsthinkthathewillbeahappierbaby

Themostimportantthingtorememberisthatbecausehecancommunicatewiththem.

yourdreamsarepersonal.Thepeople,actions,andRyansparentsareteachingRyantosignbecause

situationsinyourdreamsreflectyourexperience,ofamannamedJosephGarcia.AlthoughGarciawas

yourthoughts,andyourfeelings.Somedreamexpertsnotfromadeaffamily,hedecidedtolearnAmerican

believethattherearecertaintypesofdreamsthatSignLanguage(ASL).First,hetookcoursesinASL.

manypeoplehave,eveniftheycomefromdifferentThenhegotajobhelpingdeafpeoplecommunicate

culturesortimeperiods.Usually,however,thesamewithhearingpeople.Inhiswork,hesawmanydeaf

dreamwillhavedifferentmeaningsfordifferentparentssigntotheirinfants.Henoticedthatthese

people.Forexample,anelephantinadreammaymeanbabieswereabletocommunicatemuchearlierthan

onethingtoazookeeperandsomethingveryhearingchildren.___2___Whentheywereoneyear

differenttoachildwhosefavoritetoyisastuffedold,theycoulduseasmanyas50signs.

elephant.___5___ThenlookforlinksbetweenyourGarciadecidedtotrysomethingnew.Hetaught

dreamsandwhatishappeninginyourdailylife.IfASLtoparentswhowerenotdeaf.Thefamilies

youthinkhardandyouarepatient,perhapsthestartedtoteachsignstotheirinfantswhenthey

meaningofyourdreamswillbecomeclearertoyou.weresixorsevenmonthsold.___3___Moreandmore

parentstookGarcia,sASLclasses.LikeRyan's

【词汇】：family,theywereexcitedaboutsigningwiththeir

A、However,peoplewhospendtimethinkingaboutbabies.Theywantedtogivetheirbabiesawayto

theirdreamsbelievethattheyaremeaningfulandcommunicatebeforetheycouldusespokenwords.

useful.Somepeopleworryaboutsigningtobabies.They

B、ThefinalREMperiodmaylastaslongas45areafraidthatthesebabieswon'tfeelaneedto

minutes.talk.Maybetheywilldevelopspokenlanguagelater

C、Peoplewhoareveryawareofcolorwhentheyarethanotherbabies.___4___Infact,onestudyfound

awakeprobablynoticecolormoreoftenintheirjusttheopposite.Signingbabiesactuallylearned

dreams.tospeakearlierthanotherchildren.Astheygrow

older,thesechildrenaremoreinterestedinbooks.However,shewasoneofthebeststudentsinher

Theyalsoscorehigheronintelligencetestsl.class.Aftermedicalschool,shestartedtreating

Thereisstillabigquestionforparents:Whichpatients2.

arethebestsignstoteachtheirbabies?SomeApgaralsobecamearesearcherin

parentsmaketheirownsigns.Otherparentswanttoanesthesiology,anewtopicinmedicineatthetime3.

teachASL.__5___Thereysnoclearanswer,butweDuringherstudies,shelearnedhowtogivepatients

doknowthis:Allsigningbabiesandtheirfamiliesanesthesia.__4___

aretalkingquitealot!Inthe1940s,manywomenstartedtohave

anesthesiawhentheygavebirth.Apgarhada

【词汇】：question:Howdoesanesthesiaaffectnewbornbabies?

A、However,researchdoesnotshowthis.In1949,whenApgarwasaprofessoratColumbia's

B、Allparentswanttoteachbabiestosign.medicalschool,shecreatedhersimpletest.She

C、Ryanlearnsanewsign,hisfamilyisveryexcited.wroteapaperabouthermethodsin1953.Soonafter,

D、ThesebabiesstartedusingsignsabouttwomonthspeoplestartedusingtheApgartestaroundthe

later.world.

E、ItcanbeusefulbecausemanypeopleunderstandInherwork,Apgarsawthatmanynewbornshad

it.problems.Shewantedtohelpthesebabiessurvive.

F、TheytalkedwithsignsbythetimetheywereeightShestoppedpracticingmedicinein1959,andshe

monthsold.wentbacktoschooltogetamaster'sdegreein

publichealth.__5___

【理解】：Today,theApgartestisstillusedalloverthe

蓊二段主要是讨论学习手语的过程，当他学

1.CRyanworld.Newbornbabiesdon'tknowit,butVirginia

会一种新的手势时，父母非常高兴。Apgarisaveryimportantpersoninthefirstfew

2.F这一段讲的是婴儿在学习手语过程中的共同规律。minutesoftheirlives.

题目前一句讲Garcia注意到学习手语的婴儿比普通婴儿【词汇】：

更早开始交流，后一句讲婴儿1岁时能使用的手势多达A、Doctorsaddthescorestogetherforthetotal

50种，因此，此处应填“这些婴儿从8个月起就开始用Apgarscore.

手语交流”。B、Shespenttherestofherlifedoingresearchand

3.D这一段讲有些家庭在婴儿六七个月的时候开始教raisingmoneytohelpnewbornbabies.

他们手语。C^Ascoreof10isuncommon.

4.A前文讲有些人担心婴儿学习手语会导致其会话能D^Thedoctorwasworried.

力发展缓慢，后文讲的是研究表明并不是这样，因此空E、Theydecideifababyisnormalorneedsspecial

格处应填表示转折的句子。care.

5.EASL是通用手语，因此能被更多的人理解。选项中F、Anesthesiaisaprocedurethatmakespatientslose

的it即指代ASLconsciousness,sotheydonotfeelanypainduring

surgery.

NEW3、TheApgarTest

【理解】：

由左二段的前半部分可知这个婴儿三次健康测试

Thebabywasbornat3:36p,m.At3:37,shel.D

scored4outof10onherfirsttest.At3:41,she的分数都不理想，而且最后一句提到他需要救助，说明

scored8outof10.Thedoctorwasglad.他的情况不容乐观，所以医生应该担心。

Anotherbaby,bornat8:24p.m.,scored3out2.E第三段中第二句话提到这项测试帮助医生诊断新生

of10onhisfirsttest.Hescored4outof10on儿的问题，即医生可以根据测试结果判断新生儿的健康

hissecondtest.Hetookanothertestat8:34and状况。

scored5.__1___Hecalledforhelpl.3.A顺承本段倒数第二句的句意可知选项A和选项C都

Thesenewbornbabiestookatestcalledthe可以，但选项C说10分的成绩不常见，这一点由全文其

Apgartest.Thistesthelpsdoctorsdiagnose他地方推断不出来。

problems.__2___Mostbabiestaketwotests.The4.F本段第二句话最后提到阿普加学习给病人实施麻醉,

firstisat1minuteafterbirth,andthesecondis而选项F讲的是麻醉是什么。

at5minutesafterbirth.Ifababy'sscoreat55.B本段主要讲的是阿普加帮助新生儿的愿望以及她为

minutesislessthan6,thebabytakesanothertest此所做的努力。

at10minutesafterbirth.

TheApgartestisnotanintelligencetest.NEW4、IceCreamTasterHasSweetJob

It'satestthatshowsababy'shealthrightafter

itisborn.TheApgartestmeasuresthingssuchasJohnHarrisonhaswhatmustbethemostwanted

ababy'scolor,heartrate,andbreathing.ThetestjobintheUnitedStates.He,stheofficialtaster

hasfiveparts,andthescoreforeachpartcanbeforEdy'sGrandIceCream,oneofthenation's

0,1,or2.__3___best-sellingbrands.Harrison*stastebudsare

AdoctornamedVirginiaApgardevelopedthetest.insuredfor$1million.__1___Andwhenheisn,t

ApgarwenttomedicalschoolatColumbiaUniversitydoingthat,hetravels,buyingEdy'sin

inNewYorkCityin1929.Shefacedmanychallengessupermarketsal1overthecountrysothathecan

becauseshewasthefirstwomanintheprogram.checkforperfectappearance,texture,andflavor.

AfterIinterviewedHarrison,IrealizedthatInadditiontobringingoutltheflavoroffood,

thelifeofanicecreamtasterisn'tallwhatdoesthesenseofsmelldoforus?

Cookies'nCream一aflavorthat*heinvented,bySmell“givesusinformationaboutplace,about

theway.No,it'sextremelyhardwork,whichwhereweare,saysRandallReed,aJohnsHopkins

requiresdisciplineandselflessness.Universityprofessorwhosespecialtyisthesense

Foronething,hedoesn,tswallowonthejob.ofsmell.1aWhetherwerealizeitornot,

Likeacoffeetaster,Harrisonspits.Usingagoldwecollectalotofinformationaboutwhoisaround

spoontoavoid“off”flavors,hetakesasmallbiteusbasedonsmell,vsaysReed.

andmovesitaroundinhismouthtointroduceittoEvenatadistance,odorscanwarnusof2trouble

all9,000orsotastebuds.___2___Thenhebreathes一spoiledfood,leakinggas,orfire."It'sa

ingentlytobringthearomaupthroughthebackofgreatalert,woffersDonaldLeopold,adoctorat

hisnose.EachstephelpsHarrisonevaluatewhetherJohnsHopkins.Forexample,ifsomethingintheoven

theicecreamhasagoodbalanceofdairy,sweetness,isburning,everyoneinthehouseknowsit.

andaddedingredients一thethree-flavorWithjustasimplescent,smellcanalsoevoke

componentsoficecream.Then,eveniftheicecreamveryintenseemotion.Let'ssay,forexample,that

tastesheavenly,heputsitintoatrashcan.Afullthesmellispurplepetunias.___2___Nowlet's

stomachmakesit,impossibletojudgethequalityimaginethatyourmotherdiedwhenyouwerethree,

oftheflavors.andsheusedtohaveaflowergarden.Youwouldn,t

Duringtheworkweek,Harrisontoldmethatheneedtoidentifythesmellortohaveconscious

hastomakeothersacrifices,too:noonions,garlic,memoriesofyourmotherorhergarden.Youwouldfeel

orspicyfood,andnocaffeine.Caffeinewillblocksadassoonasyousmelledthatspicyodor.

thetastebuds,hesays,sohisbreakfastisacupComparedwith3animals,howwelldopeople

ofherbaltea.___3___detectsmelts?

Harrison*sfamilyhasbeenintheicecreamThatdependsonwhatyoumeanby“howwell”.

businessinonewayoranother!forfourgenerations,Wearelowonreceptorcells：currentestimates

soHarrisonhasspenthisentirelifewithit2.saythathumanshaveroughlyfivemillion

However,hehasneverlosthisloveforitscold,smell-receptorcells,aboutasmanyasamouse.

creamysweetness.___4___Ontheseoccasions3,he—3—

doesswallow,andheeatsaboutaquart(0.95liters)Reedsaysthat,acrossspecies,thereisa

eachweek.Bycomparison4,theaveragepersonintherelativelygoodcorrelationbetweenthenumberof

UnitedStateseats23.2quarts(21.96liters)ofreceptorcellsandhowstrongthesenseofsmellis.

icecreamandotherfrozendairyproductseachyear.“Youcanhardlyfindtheolfactorybulbinahuman

Edy'sicecreamisavailableindozensofbrainit'sapea-sizedobject.Inamouse,

flavors.Sowhatflavordoesthebest-trainedit'salittlebigger.It'sbean-sizedinarat,

ice-creamtasterinthecountryprefer?Vanilla!Inaboutthesizeofyourlittlefingerinarabbit,

fact,vanillaisthebest-sellingvarietyintheandthesizeofyourthumbinabloodhound.”

UnitedStates.___5___"It'saverycomplexDoesthatmeanthatoursenseofsmellisnot

flavor,“Harrisonsays.veryacute?

【词汇】：Notexactly.Whilewemaynothavetheolfactory

A、However,youshouldnevercal1itplainvanilla.rangeofothercreatures,thereceptorswedohave

B、Heevenordersicecreaminrestaurantsforareassensitiveasthoseofanyanimal.___4___A

dessert.trained“nose”,suchasthatofaprofessionalin

C、Nexthesmack-smack-smackshislipstogetsometheperfumebusiness,cannameanddistinguishabout

airintothesample.10,000odors.Reedsaysthataperfumeexpertcan

D、Thisisasmallpricetopayforwhathecallssniffamodemscentthathasahundreddifferent

theworldJsbestjob.odorantsinit,gointothelab,andlistthe

E^Inhisyoungerdays,hewouldhelpoutattheiceingredients."Inamodestamountoftime,hecomes

creamfactoryhisuncleowned.backwithwhattoyouormewouldsmelllikeaperfect

F、Hegetstosample60icecreamsatdayatEdy,simitationofthatperfume.It,samazing.”

headquartersinOakland,California.Whathappensto4oursenseofsmellasweage?

Manypeoplecontinuetohavegoodolfactory

【理解】：functionastheygetolder.___5___Leopoldsays

1.F文市第一段讲了Harrison的工作情况。后文提到他

thatsmellisgenerallyhighestinchildhood,stays

休假时的情况，所以此处应为对他工作状态的介绍。thesamefromtheteensthroughthe50s,anddrops

2.C第二段主要介绍了他工作时品尝冰淇淋的过程。前startingatabout60forwomenand65formen."The

文介绍了刚入口中的情况，此处应该是后续介绍。average80-year-oldisonlyabletosmellthings

3.D第四段讲了他为此」二作做出的牺牲。halfaswellastheaverage20-year-old,“says

4.B此处前文讲到他仍然爱吃冰淇淋。Leopold.

5.A根据后文讲“香草是一种复杂的口味”可以推断【词汇】：

A、Theseflowershavearichspicinessthatnoother

新增4、PrimeronSmellpetuniahas.

B、Odors,orsmells,canwarnusabouttrouble.

C>That'snottherule,however.worldwhosemostbasicneedsgounmet7.Everyyear,

D、Andsmelltellsusaboutpeople.forexample,millionsofpeoplediefromdiseases

E、Wecanalsothink,andwemakeconscious(andthatareeasytopreventortreatinthe

successful)effortstotellthedifferencebetweendevelopedworld.

onesmellandanother.Ibelievethatmyowngoodfortunebringswithita

F、Arathassome10million,arabbit20million,responsibilitytogivebacktotheworld.Mywife,

andabloodhound100million.Melinda,andIhavecommittedto8improvinghealth

andeducationinawaythatcanhelpasmanypeople

【理解】：aspossible.

I.D'根据后文提到的“我们能够根据气味收集到有关人Asafather,Ibelievethatthedeathofachildin

的很多信息”可以推断此处答案是D选项。Africaisnolesspoignantortragicthan9thedeath

2.A前文提到以紫喇叭花的香味举例。ofachildanywhereelse,andthatitdoesn,ttake

3.F前文提到人类和小鼠的嗅觉受体细胞数量，可以推muchtomakeanimmensedifferenceinthese

断此处应介绍其他物种的嗅觉受体细胞数量。children'sliveslO.

4.E后文都在介绍人类可以区分味道的不同。I'mstillverymuchanoptimist,andIbelievethat

5.C后文介绍了不是每个人都随着年龄的增长嗅觉能progressoneventheworld*stoughestproblemsis

力不发生变化。possible一andit'shappeningeveryday.We,re

seeingnewdrugsfordeadlydiseases,new

diagnostictools,andnewattentionpaidtothehealth

problemsinthedevelopingworld.

第11篇：BillGates:UnleashingYourCreativityI'mexcitedbythepossibilitiesIseeformedicine,

I'vealwaysbeenanoptimistandIsupposeitforeducationand,ofcourse,fortechnology.And

isrootedinimybeliefthatthepowerofcreativityIbelievethatthroughournaturalinventiveness,

andintelligencecanmaketheworldabetterplace.creativityandwillingnesstosolvetoughproblems,

ForaslongasIcanremember,I'velovedwe'regoingtomakesomeamazingachievementsinall

learningnewthingsandsolvingproblems.SowhenItheseareasinmylifetime.

satdownatacomputerforthefirsttimeinseventh【词汇】：

grade,1washooked.Itwasaclunkyoldteletype1.AcomputerwasasbigasaniceboxwhenBillGates

machineanditcouldbarelydoanythingcomparedtowasahighschoolstudent.ARight

thecomputerswehavetoday.2Butitchangedmylife.2.BillGateshasbeendreamingofthepopularity

WhenmyfriendPaulAllenandIstartedMicrosoft30ofcomputersforhislifetime.ARight

yearsago,wehadavisionof“acomputeronevery3.BillGatescompareshishardworkonaPCto

deskandineveryhomew,whichprobablysoundeda^tap-dancingtowork”.BWrong

littletoooptimisticatatimewhenmostcomputers4.ToBillGates'mind,thereisabigdifference

werethesizeofrefrigerators.Butwebelievedthatbetweenthedeathofthepoor,schildrenandthe

personalcomputerswouldchangetheworld.Andtheydeathoftherich,schildren.BWrong

have.5.SofarBillGateshascontributedseveraldozen

Andafter30years,I'mstillasinspiredbilliondollarstothecharities.CNotmentioned

bycomputersasIwasbackinseventhgrade.6.BillGatesandhiswifeconsiderittheirduty

Ibelievethatcomputersarethemostincredibletooltohelpthepoorbettertheirhealthandeducation

wecanusetofeedourcuriosityandinventivenessasmuchaspossible.ARight

—tohelpussolveproblemsthateventhesmartest7.BillGateswillleaveonlyasmallportionofhis

peoplecouldn,tsolveontheirown.wealthforhischildren.CNotmentioned

Computershavetransformedhowwelearn,givingkids【注释］比尔•盖茨：发挥你的创造力

everywhereawindow!ntoalloftheworldJsknowledge.我一直是个乐观主义者，我想这是因为我深信创造力

They,rehelpingusbuildcommunitiesaroundthe和智慧能使世界变得更美好。

thingswecareaboutandtostayclosetothepeople在我的记忆中，我喜欢学习新东西、解决难题。所以

whoareimportanttous,nomatterwheretheyare.3当我七年级时第一次坐在电脑前时，我立刻被吸引住类。

LikemyfriendWarrenBuffett,Ifeel那是一台笨重的旧式电传打字机，跟我们今天的电脑相

particularlyluckytodosomethingeverydaythatI比几乎什么事都不能做。但是它却改变我的一生。

lovetodo.Hecallsit^tap-dancingtowork”4.My30年前我和朋友保罗•艾伦创办微软的时候，我们预见

jobatMicrosoftisaschallengingasever,but到一个“每个办公桌和每个家庭都会有一台电脑”的时

whatmakesmeutap-dancingtowork“iswhenweshow代。在那个计算机像冰箱一样大的时代，这听起来也许

peoplesomethingnew,likeacomputerthatcan太乐观了一点。但是我们相信个人计算机会改变世界。

recognizeyourhandwritingoryourspeech,orone而它们真的做到了。

thatcanstorealifetime'sworthofphotos,and30年后的今天，计算机仍然会激发我的热情，好像我

theysay,“Ididn,tknowyoucoulddothatwitha又回到了七年级的年代。

PC5!”我认为计算机是能满足我们的好奇心，激发我们创造

Butforallthecoolthingsthatapersoncandowith精神的最神奇的工具，它能帮助我们解决最聪明的人都

aPC,therearelotsofotherwayswecanputour不能独自解决的问题。

creativityandintelligencetoworktoimproveour计算机改变了我们的学习方式，为世界各地的孩子们

world6.Therearestillfartoomanypeopleinthe提供了一个学习各种知识的窗口。它帮助我们就我们所

关心的事情建立一个交流的场所，并且与那些我们认为GreeceandSicilyallthewayuptheAdriatito

对我们有重要意义的人密切相处，不管他们身在何处。Dubrovnik.Thiswouldbesimilartotheancient

和我的朋友沃伦•巴菲特一样，我每天都在做着自己喜quakeinAD365thatcausedwidespreaddestruction

欢做的事，对此我感到非常幸运。他说这就像是“跳着inmuchofGreeceandunleashedatsunamithat

踢踏舞工作”。我在微软的工作一直非常具有挑战性，而floodedAlexandriaandtheNileDelta,likely

当我们向人们展示我们的新成果（比如计算机能识别手killingtensofthousandsofpeople,shesaid.

写体或语言，或者能储存一生的珍贵照片）人们说没想【词汇】：

到你们能用个人计算机做出这样的成就时，那感觉的确1.Thefault,whichwasoverlookedbefore,hasbeen

像是“跳着踢踏舞工作”。closelystudiedbyscientists.ARight

除了我们能用计算机做的所有神奇的事情，还有很多2.ItisfuntoidentifythefaultfortheAD365

其他方式发挥我们的创造力和智慧，从而使世界更加美earthquakeandtsunami.BWrong

好。这个世界上还有很多的人基本需求都得不到满足。3.Radiocarbondatingtechniquescanbeusedto

例如，每年都有成千上万的人死于疾病，而这些疾病在identifytheageoftheearth.CNotmentioned

发达国家是能轻而易举得到控制或治疗的。4.Scientistspredictthatthenextpowerful

我认为拥有财富的同时我有责任回报世界。所以，我earthquakeintheeasternMediterraneanmaytake

和妻子梅林达承诺推进健康与教育事业，以帮助尽可能placesometimebefore2100.ARight

多的人。5.Ms.Shawhashercolleagueshelpherinth