全大学英语第四册课后练习答案

KeytoExercises(Units1-8)

Unitl

PartIPre-ReadingTask

Scriptfortherecording：

Thesongyouareabouttohearisbasedonatruestory.Ittells

thetaleofthesinkingofashipcalledTheEdmundFitzgeraldthat

wascaughtinastormonLakeSuperiorbackinNovember1975,

withthelossofallonboard.

LakeSuperiorisanenormouslakeandthewindcanattimes

makeitdangeroustoshipping,whippinguphugewaves.

Novemberisaparticularlydangerousmonthforsuchstorms.This

hadlongagobeennoticedbyalocalnativeAmericantribe,the

Chippewa,whousedtospeakofhowdeaththreatenedfromthe

lakewhenstormcloudsgatheredinNovember.Accordingto

legend,thebiglake,whichtheycalledGitcheGurnee,waswithout

mercyinthatmonth,nevergivingupthoseithadmarkedfor

death.

Itisthislegendthatstartsthesongbeforeitmovesontotalk

ofTheEdmundFitzgerald.TheEdmundFitzgerald,likemanyother

shipsthatsailthelake,wasbuilttocarryironore.Filledwithore

theseshipslielowinthewaterandcanfindthemselvesin

difficultiesinroughweather.So,withafullloadonboardwecan

imaginetheanxietythatmusthavebeguntocreepintothehearts

ofthesailorsonboardTheEdmundFitzgeraldastheyfeltthecold

windbeginningtoriseandheardthesoundofitsingingasitblew

throughthewires.For,despitethefactthatthecaptainandcrew

wereallexperienced,"well-seasoned"asthesongsays,theyall

knewthedangersofNovemberstorms.Beforelongtheirworse

fearsstartedtocometrueandthestormhadrisentoahurricane.

Thedespairofthecrewiscapturedinthewordsofthecook.First

hecomesondecktotellthesailorsitistooroughtocook,they

willhavetowaitfortheirsupper.Thenextwehearfromhimheis

saying

-$6-AppendixI

goodbyetohisshipmates.Waterispouringintotheship.The

captainsendsoutadistresssignal,butthatisthelastthatisheard

fromtheship.Itisswallowedupbythelake,leavingnothing

behindbutthemourningfamiliesofthetwenty-ninesailorsand

thesoundofthechurchbellringingintheirmemory.

Nowlet'slistentothesong：

TheWreckoftheEdmundFitzgerald

GordonLightfoot

Thelegendlivesonfromthestealin

Chippewaondowng

OrthebiglaketheycallGitcheTke

Gurneedawn

Tkelake,itissaid,rfevergivesupcame

herdeadlate

WhentheskiesorNovemberturnand

gloomythe

Witkaloadofironoretwenty-sixbreakf

thousandtonsmoreasthad

ThantheEdmundFitzgeraldtowait

weighedemptyWken

Thatgoodshipandtruewasahonethe

tobechewedGales

WhenthegalesofNovembercameof

earlyNovem

ber

Tkeskipwastkeprideoftkecame

AmericansideComingbackfromslashin

somemillinWisconsinAstkekigg

freigktersgo,itwaskiggertkanWhen

mostWitkacrewandgoodcaptain

wellseasonedConcludingsomeafterno

termswitkacoupleofsteelfirmson

Wkentkeyleftfullyloadedforcameit

ClevelandAndlatertkatnigktwkenwas

tkeskip'skellrangCoulditketke

nortkwindtkey'dbeenfeelingTfreezin

grain

Tkewindintkewiresmadeain

tattle-talesound

Andawavebrokeovertkerailingtace°'

Andeverymanknew,astkecaptaina

didtoohurrica

TwastkewitckofNovemkercome

newestwind

Appendix1

-6?

Whensuppertimecame,theoldcookcameon

decksaying

Fellas1,it'stooroughtoreedya2

AtsevenPMamainhatchwaycavedin,hesaid

Fellas,it'sheengoodtoknowya

Thecaptainwiredinhehadwatercomingin

Andthegoodshipandcrewwasinperil

Andlaterthatnightwhenhislightswentoutof

sight

CamethewreckoftheEdmundFitzgerald

Doesanyoneknowwheretheloveof

GodgoesWhenthewavesturnthe

minutestohoursThesearchersallsay

they'dhavemadeWhitefishBayIfthey'd

putfifteenmoremileshehindherThey

mighthavesplituportheymighthave

capsizedTheymayhavebrokedeep

andtookwaterAndallthatremainsis

thefacesandthenamesOfthewives

andthesonsandthedaughtersJ

LakeHuronrolls,Superiorsings

Intheroomsofherice'watermansion

OldMichigansteamslikeayoungman'sdreams

Theislandsandhaysareforsportsmen

AndfartherhelowLakeOntario

TakesinwhatLakeEriecansendher

Andtheironboatsgoasthemarinersallknow

WiththeGalesofNovemberremembered

InamustyoldhallinDetroitthey

prayedIntheMaritimeSailors'

CathedralThechurchhellchimedtil

itrangtwenty-ninetimes

ForeachmanontheEdmundFitzgerald

1fella：(slang)fellow

2ya：(slang)you

-66-Appendix1

Trielegendlivesoniromthe

ChippewaondownOrthenig

laketheycallGitcheGumee

Superior,theysaid,nevergives

upherdeadWhenthegalesor

Novembercomeearly

PartIITextA

lexfOrganization

,■■■Paragraphs'MainIdeas

PartParas1-2Introduction—BothNapoleon'sand

OneHitler'smilitarycampaignsfailed

becauseoftheseverityoftheRussian

PartParasNapoleon'smilitarycampaignagainst

PartParasHitler'smilitarycampaignagainstthe

PartPara21Conclusion—Theelementsofnature

Fourmustbereckonedwithinanymilitary

2

SectionsParagraphMainIdeas

SectionParasHitler'sblitzkriegagainstRussiaand

One12-13Stalin'sscorchedearthpolicy

SectionParasthebattlesfoughtatLeningrad,

SectionParastheRussiancounter-offensiveandthe

Vocabulary

.D2)

allianceheroic

4)

3)

limp

stroke

6)

5)

region

minuss8)

7)siege

declaratio

ns

AppendixI

$9

9)raw10)retreat

11)havetakentheirtoll12)Inthecaseof

13)campaign14)atthecostof

15)hasbeenbroughttoahalt

2.1)isfacedwith2)get

boggeddown

3)ispressingon/pressedon

4)dragon

5)pickingup6)fallingapart

7)cutback8)takeover

3.1)Therapidadvanceingenetherapymayleadtothe

conquestofcancerinthenearfuture.

2)Theborderdisputebetweenthetwocountriesresultedin

thousandsofcasualties.

3)Sarahasmadeuphermindthatherleisureinterests

will/shouldnevergetinthewayofhercareer.

4)Obviouslythereporter'squestioncaughttheforeign

ministeroffguard.

5)Theintroductionoftheelectroniccalculatorhasrendered

theslideruleoutofdate/obsolete.

4.1)Atthattime,theenemyforcesweremuchsuperiorto

ours,sowehadtogiveupthe

occupationofbigcitiesandretreattotheruraland

mountainousregionstobuildupourbases.

2)Unityiscrucialt。theefficientoperationofanorganization.

Failuretoreckonwiththisproblemwillweakenitsstrength.

Inmanycases,workmaybebroughtt。ahaltbyconstant

internalstruggleinanorganization.

3)TheRedArmyfoughtaheroicbattleatStalingradandwon

thedecisivevictoryagainsttheGermans.Infact,thisbattle

turnedthetideintheSecondWorldWar.Duringthisfamous

battle,theSoviettroopswithstoodtheGermansiegeand

weakenedtheGermanarmybylaunchingaseriesof

counterattacks.

II.MoreSynonymsinContext

1)DuringtheFirstWorldWar,battlesoccurredhereandthere

overvastareas.Someofthe

mostdramaticfightingtookplaceinthegloomytrenchesof

FranceandBelgiumandinthe

no-man's-landbetweenthetrenches.

2)Elizabethmadecarefulpreparationsfortheinterviewandher

efforts/homeworkpaidoff.

3)1spenthourstryingtotalkhimintoacceptingthesettlement,

butheturnedadeafeartoallmy

words.

4)Pneumoniahadseverelyweakenedherbody,andI

wonderedhowherfragilebodycouldwithstandtheharsh

weather.

-90-AppendixI

III.Usage

1)Butoftenitisnotuntilwefallillthatwefinallylearnto

appreciategoodhealth.

2)Aricholdladylaydeadathomefortwo“ee/hs—and

nobodyknewanythingaboutit.

3)It'ssaidhedroppeddeadfromaheartattackwhenhewas

atwork

4)Don'tsittooclosetothefiretokeepwarm—youcouldeasily

getburned,especiallyifyoufallasleep.

5)Inthosedayspeoplebelievedinmarryingyoungandhaving

childrenearly.

6)LittleTomwasunabletositstillforlongerthanafew

minutes.

.

Structure

1.1)Tohisgreatdelight,Dr.Dengdiscoveredtwogenesinwild

ricethatcanincreasetheyieldby

30percent.

2)Tohergreatrelief,herdaughterhadleftthebuildingbeforeit

collapsed.

3)Toourdisappointment,ourwomen'steamlostouttothe

NorthKoreans.

4)Wethink,muchtoourregret,thatwewillnotbeabletovisit

youduringthecomingChristmas.

2.1)Thesebirdsnestinthevastswamps(whichHetothe)east

oftheNile.

2)By1948,thePeople'sLiberationArmyhadgainedcontrolof

thevastareasnorthoftheYangtzeRiver.

3)MichellewasborninasmallvillageinthenorthofFrance,

butcametoliveintheUnited

of赤觇篁示theage

物旃寐'触硼微糜防厩豳做脐aand

about1,900kilometerswestoftheRockyMountains.

ComprehensiveExercises

I.Cloze

(A)

1.invasion2.standinthe

3.Conquestway

5.launching4.catching...

7.campaignoffhisguard

6.declaration

9.reckonwith

11.bringing...to

ahalt

AppendixI

91

(B)

1.In2.since

3.the4.and

5.it6.that/

7.of/about8.acros

9.to10.lost

11.to12.with

13.buried14.in

15.than16.betwe

17.from18.to

19.down

II.Translation

Theoffensivehadalreadylastedthreedays,butwehad

notgainedmuchground.Ourtroopsengagingtheenemyat

thefrontwerefacedwithstrong/fierce/stiffresistance.The

divisioncommanderinstructedourbattaliontogetaroundto

therearoftheenemyandlaunchasurpriseattack.Todoso,

however,wehadtocrossamarshlandandmanyofuswere

afraidwemightgetboggeddowninthemud.Ourbattalion

commanderdecidedtotakeagamble.Westartedundercover

ofdarknessandcressedoninspiteofgreatdifficulties.Bya

strokeofluck,thetemperatureatnightsuddenlydroppedto

minus20degreesCelsiusandthemarshfrozeover.Thanksto

thecoldweather,wearrivedatourdestinationbeforedawnand

beganattackingtheenemyfromtherear.Thisturnedthetide

ofthebattle.Theenemy,caughtoffguard,soonsurrendered.

PartIIITextB

ComprehensionCheck

1.d2.

3.bH

-92-AppendixI

Translation

(#JEAppendixIII)

LanguagePractice

1.hoast2.obstacles

3.wasconcerned4.call...off

5.paidoff6.waspinned

7.arecontesting8.priorto

9.holdout10.objective

11.responsiblefor12.incase

13.favorable14.dueto

15.ontheeveof16.cancel

17.complications18.stiff

19w什hstand20absent

PartIVTheme-RelatedLanguageLearningTasks

WritingStrategy

Tickwhichofthefollowingismoreconvincing：

ItwasreportedthatGeneralEisenhower,though

indecisivesometimes,hadno

hesitationinorderingtheassaultonNormandy.

«_Eisenhower'schiefofstaff,BrigadierGeneralWater

BedellSmith,laterwrote：

"...Hesatthere...tense,weighingevery

consideration.Finallyhelookedup,andthetension

wasgonefromhisface.Hesaidbriskly,'well,we'll

g-oc.II

ModelPaper

CanManTriumphoverNature?

Whenpeopletalkofmantriumphingovernature,manythings

cometomind.Onethinksofsuccessesinmedicineinthefight

againstdisease,suchastheinventionofantibioticsandthe

promiseheldoutbyadvancesinbiogeneticengineering.Ona

broaderscale,onethinksofman'ssuccessinharnessingnew

formsofenergyfromsteampowerthroughoiltonuclearpower.

Yet,naturehasoftenhitbackinunexpectedwaystothese

attemptstotameit.Newformsof

AppendixI

98-

diseasethatareresistanttoantibioticsareconstantlydeveloping.

Burningfossilfuelshasledtofearsofglobalwarming；while

nuclearpowerhasproduceddangerouswastethatwillremaina

hazardforgenerationstocome.

However,perhapstotalkofmantriumphingovernatureisthe

wrongwaytolookatthematter.Weneedtofindwaystowork

withnatureratherthanforeverfightingagainstit.

(154words)

Unit2

PartIPre-ReadingTask

Scriptfortherecording：

Whatwilltheworldbelikeinfivehundredyears'time?A

thousandyears'time?Ormore?Somepeopleareoptimistic,

lookingforwardtoabetterworld.Othersarepessimistic,andfear

thatthingscanonlygetworse.Thewriterofthesongyouare

abouttolistentotakesthepessimisticview.Lookingfurtherand

furtherintothefuturethingsseemtohimtogetworseandworse.

By3535,heforeseesallourthoughtsandfeelingswillbeshaped

bydrugs.Lookingfurtherstillintothefutureheforetellsthatour

bodieswillwasteawayasmachinesdoeverythingforus.Family

lifeasweknowitwillfadeawayaschildrenarebredartificially,

chosen,inthewordsofthesong,"fromthebottomofalong

blacktube."Giventhatmanseemstopaysolittleattentionto

takingcareoftheplanetandavoidingusingupallitsresources,he

endsbywonderingwhethermanwillstillbearoundinthefuture.

It'senough,ashesays,tomakeevenGodshakehishead.

Hereisthesong：

IntheYear2525

Zager&Evans

Intheyear2525

Ifmanisstill

alive

Ifwomancan

surviveThey

mayfind

一9人一AppendixI

Intheyear3535

Ain'tgonnaneed*totellthe

truth,tellnoliesEverythingyou

think,do,orsayIsinthepillyou

tooktoday

Intheyear4545

Ain'tgonnaneedyourteeth,won'tneedyour

eyes

Youwon'trindathingtodo

Nobody'sgonnalookatyou

Intheyear5555

Yourarmsarehanginglimpatyoursides

Yourlegsnotnothingtodo

Somemachineisdoingthatforyou

Intheyear6565

Ain'tgonnaneednohusband,won'tneedno

wife-

You'llpickyourson,pickyour

daughter.too

Fromthebottomofalongblacktube

Intheyear,7510

.IfGod'sa-comin'heoughttomakeitby

then

Maybehe'lllookaroundhimselfand

say

Guessit'stimefortheJudgmentDay1

Intheyear8510

God'sgonnashakehismightyhead.

He'lleithersayI'mpleasedwhere

manhasbeenOrtearitdownand

startagain

Intheyear9595

I'mkindawonderingifman's

gonnabealiveHe'staken

everythingthisoldearthcan

giveAndheain'tputback

nothing

1theJudgmentDay：theendoftheworld,thetimeofGod's

finaljudgmentofallpeople

AppencHxI

95

Nowit'sbeen

10,000yearsMan

hascriedabillion

tearsForwhathe

neverknewNow

man'sreignis

throughBut

throughtheeternal

nightThetwinkling

ofstarlightSovery

farawayMaybeit's

onlyyesterday

PartIITextA

TextOrganization

PartsParagraphMainIdeas

PartParas1-3Newtechnologywillhaveadramatic

Oneimpactoncarsandhighwaysinthe

PartParas4-9Withtheaidofadvancedtechnology,

Twosmartcarswillbesodesignedthat

theycanhelpeliminatetraffic

accidents,determinetheirownprecise

PartParasGPSand"telematics"willmakeit

Three10-13possibletobuildsmarthighways,

1)Smartcarscansee,hear,feel,smell,talk,

andact

2)Theycaneliminatemostcaraccidents；

3)Theycanalertthepoliceandprovide

preciselocationifstolen；

4)Theycanmonitorone'sdrivingandthe

drivingconditionsnearby；

5)Theycanalertthedriverwhofeelsdrowsy；

6)Theycanlocateyourcarpreciselyand

warnoftrafficjams.

1.1)e

Vocabulary

xpansion:.j

3)vapor

2)

manufacturi

ng4)take

controlof

-96-Appen

dix

1

5)hazards5)satellite

7)convertg)magnetic

9)bunched10)jntheair

11)got/yvasI2)approximately

13)stuckinI4)monotonous

15)application

2.1)mounted2)standupfor

3)sendout4)makingupfor

5)resultfrom6)pgyup^ayup

7startingupgjtakeontakeon

)Withregardtotherecentfloodofcorporatescandals,some

3.1professorsfromStanfordandHarvardsaytheywill

)incorporateEnron'sreal-worldlessonsintotheirclassroom

work.Ourvacationwasadisaster：thefoodwasterrible,

2)andtheweatherwasawfulaswell.AsaSpecial

3AdministrativeRegion(SAR),Macaoispermittedtoretainits

)lucrativegamblingindustryalthoughgamblingremainsillegal

ontheChinesemainland.Manufacturersusuallybeginby

Abuildingtheprototypeofanewmodelbeforetheysetupa

factorytomakethecars.

Medicalevidenceshowsthatsmokingandlungcancerare

correlated.Expandeduseofcomputertechnology,

developmentofstrongerandlightermaterials,andresearch

in/intopollutioncontrolwillproducebetter,and"smarter"

automobiles.Inthe1980sthenotionthatacarwould

:'talk"toitsdriverwassciencefiction；bythe1990sithad

2；becomeareality,moreorless.Presentlyautomobile

companiessuchasGMandNissanarepoisedtolaunch

3newadvertisingcampaignsfortheirsmartcars.Soundsare

producedbyobjectsthatvibrateintheairataratethatthe

earcandetect.Thisrateiscalledfrequencyandis

measuredinhertz,orvibrationspersecond.Reflective

devicesaremorevisibleatnightandareusedinsome

locationstomarklanesandothersignificantplacesonthe

road.What'smore,automatedvehicle-controltech­

nologiesarepresentlyunderdevelopmenttoimprove

highwaysafety.Thesedevicesaremountedinthevehicle

andcanalertadrivertoanimpendinghazardor,inan

emergency,_______________________________

overridetheactionsofthe

II.WordFormation

ClippedWordsBlends

kilokiloaramMedicaremedicalcare

memoemailelectronicmail

qympymnasiumcomsatcommunications

Appendix1

-9?

liblihsrAtionnewscastnews

docdoctorautopilotautomatic

vetveterinariaEurodollaEuropean

preppreparatorbrunchbreakfast

autoAutomobiletelecasttelevision

III.Usage

1.swimmingpool2.drawing

3.enrichedMiddleboard

English5.fully4.disturbing

developedchange

prototype7.6.Canned

workingpopulationfoods

8.puzzling

differences

Stfuct-ure

1

1)ThanksgivingintheU.S.A.,likeSpringFestivalinChina,

bringsfamiliesbacktogetherfromacrossthecountry.

2)Themonkeysuddenlyemergedfrombehindthetree,

frighteningLucyintoscreaming.

3)Momsaidthatshewouldnotallowmetobuyanew

computerunlessthepricedroppedtobelow2000yuan.

4)Inbetweenthechores,Jimmanagedtospend50to60hours

aweekworkingatthecomputerordoingreportingforthe

freelancearticleshesellstomagazines.

2.1)Mostpeoplefindithardtounderstandhowlivingwith

one'sownchildrencouldbelonely.

2)Themanagerfeltitnecessarytoremovethefivemisbehaving

secretariesinordertomaintainadministrativediscipline.

3)TheSenatorcalleditwastefultogivefreeMedicaretothose

whocouldaffordtopay.

4)Wedon'tconsideritpossibletosetbacktheclockof

history.

Comprehensive1.alert

Exercises3.

highway

I.Cloze5.take

(A)control

of

7.decrease

9.

monotonous2.

hazards

4.start

up

6,lane

8.get

stuckin

10.

eliminat

e

-96-AppendixI

11.convert12.

(B)mounted

I.for

3.enabled2.way

5.decreased/4.

reducedfarther

7.quantities6.by

9.worldwide8.

11.locally

manufacturing10.with

13.on/upon12.As

15.which14.

17.problems/provid

hazards19.e

Nevertheless16.

itself

18.and

20.

continuin

g

II.Translation

Automobileschangedtheworldduringthe20thcentury,

particularlyintheUnitedStatesandotherindustrializednations.

Theyareindeedofgreatusetous,buttheyhavebrought

somehazardsaswell,suchasnoiseandairpollution,and

highwayfatalities.Itisreportedthatautomobileaccidentsrank

amongtheleadingcausesofdeath