材料专业英语常见词汇

材料专业英语常见词汇材料专业英语常见词汇（一Structure

组织Ceramic

陶瓷Ductility

塑性Stiffness

刚度Grain

晶粒Phase

相Unitcell

单胞Bravaislattice

布拉菲点阵Stack

堆垛Crystal

晶体Metalliccrystalstructure

金属性晶体点阵

Non-directional

无方向性Face-centeredcubic面心立方

Body-centeredcubic

体心立方

Hexagonalclose-packed密排六方

Copper

铜Aluminum

铝Chromium

铬

Tungsten

钨CrystallographicPlane

晶面

Crystallographicdirection

晶向

Property

性质

Millerindices

米勒指数Latticeparameters

点阵参数Tetragonal

四方的Hexagonal

六方的Orthorhombic

正交的Rhombohedra

菱方的Monoclinic

单斜的Prism

棱镜

Cadmium

镉

Coordinate

system

坐

Pointdefec点缺陷

Lattice

点阵

Vacancy

空位Solidification

结晶Interstitial

间隙Substitution

置换Solidsolutionstrengthening

固溶强化Diffusion

扩散Homogeneous

均匀的DiffusionMechanisms

扩散机制Latticedistortion

点阵畸变Self-diffusion

自扩散Fick’sFirstLaw

菲克第一定律

Unittime

单位时间Coefficient

系数Concentrationgradient

浓度梯度Dislocations

位错Lineardefect

线缺陷Screwdislocation

螺型位错Edgedislocation

刃型位错Vector

矢量Loop

环路Burgers’vector

柏氏矢量Perpendicular

垂直于Surfacedefect

面缺陷Grainboundary

晶界Twinboundary

晶界

Shearforce

剪应力Deformation

变形Small(orlow)angelgrainboundary

小角度晶界Tiltboundary

倾斜晶界Supercooled

过冷的Solidification

凝固Orderingprocess

有序化过程Crystallinity

结晶度Microstructure

纤维组织Term

术语PhaseDiagram

相图Equilibrium

平衡Melt

熔化Cast

浇注Crystallization

结晶BinaryIsomorphousSystems

二元匀晶相图Soluble

溶解PhasePresent

存在相Locate

确定Tieline

连接线Isotherm

等温线Concentration

浓度Intersection

交点TheLeverLaw

杠杆定律BinaryEutecticSystem

二元共晶相图SolvusLine

溶解线Invariant

恒定Isotherm

恒温线CastIron

铸铁Ferrite

珠光体Polymorphictransformation

多晶体转变Austenite

奥氏体Revert

回复Intermediatecompound

中间化合物Cementite

渗碳体Vertical

垂线Nonmagnetic

无磁性的Solubility

溶解度Brittle

易脆的Eutectic

共晶Eutectoidinvariantpoint

共析点Phasetransformation

相变Allotropic

同素异形体Recrystallization

再结晶Metastable

亚稳的MartensiticFlaky

片状Low-carbonsteels

低碳钢Casehardening

表面硬化Medium-carbonsteels

中碳钢Electrode

电极Asarule

通常Preheating

预热Quench

淬火Body-centeredlattice

体心晶格Carbide

碳化物Hypereutectoid

过共晶Chromium

铬Manganese

锰Molybdenum

钼Titanium

钛Cobalt

钴Tungsten

钨Vanadium

钒Pearliticmicrostructure

珠光体组织Martensiticmicrostructure

马氏体组织Viscosity

粘性Wrought

锻造的Magnesium

镁Flake

片状Malleable

可锻的Nodular

球状Spheroidal

球状Superiorproperty

优越性Galvanization

镀锌Versatile

通用的Batterygrid

电极板Calcium

钙Tin

锡Toxicity

毒性Refractory

耐火的Platinum

铂Polymer

聚合物Composite

混合物Erosive

腐蚀性Inert

惰性Thermochemically

热化学Generator

发电机Flaw

缺陷Variability

易变的Annealing

退火Tempering

回火Texture

织构Kinetic

动力学Peculiarity

特性Criticalpoint

临界点Dispersity

弥散程度Spontaneous

自发的Inherentgrain

本质晶粒Toughness

韧性Rupture

断裂Kineticcurveoftransformation

转变动力学曲线Incubationperiod

孕育期Sorbite

索氏体Troostite

屈氏体Disperse

弥散的Granular

颗粒状Metallurgical

冶金学的Precipitation

析出Depletion

减少Quasi-eutectoid

伪共析Superposition

重叠Supersede

代替Dilatometric

膨胀Unstable

不稳定Supersaturate

使过饱和Tetragonality

正方度Shear

切变Displacement

位移Irreversible

不可逆的金属材料工程专业英语acid-baseequilibrium酸碱平衡acid-baseindicator酸碱指示剂acidbath酸槽acid（Bessemer）converter酸性转炉acidbrick酸性耐火砖acidbrittleness酸洗脆性、氢脆性acidburden酸性炉料acidclay酸性粘土acidcleaning（同pickling）酸洗acidconcentration酸浓度acidconverter酸性转炉acidconvertersteel酸性转炉钢acidcontent酸含量acidcorrosion酸腐蚀aciddeficient弱酸的、酸不足的aciddip酸浸

aciddippickler(沉浸式)酸洗装置acid（dip）tank酸液（浸洗）槽aciddraintank排酸槽acidlessdescaling无酸除鳞acidmedium酸性介质acidmist酸雾acid-proofpaint耐酸涂料（漆）acid-proofsteel耐酸钢acid-resistant耐酸钢acid-resistingvessel耐酸槽acidstrength酸浓度acidsupplypump供酸泵acidwash酸洗acidvalue酸值acidwashsolution酸洗液acieration渗碳、增碳AcmpointAcm转变点（渗碳体析出温度）acornnut螺母、螺帽acousticabsorptioncoefficient声吸收系数acousticsusceptance声纳actifier再生器actionline作用线actionspot作用点activatedatom激活原子activatedbath活化槽activatedcarbon活性碳activatingtreatment活化处理activecorrosion活性腐蚀、强烈腐蚀activearea有效面积activepower有功功率、有效功率activeproduct放射性产物activeresistance有效电阻、纯电阻activerollgap轧辊的有效（或工作）开口度activestate活性状态activesurface有效（表）面activitycoefficient激活系数、活度系数actualdiameter（钢丝绳）实际直径actualefficiency实际效率actualerror实际误差actualtime实时actualworkingstress实际加工应力actuatingdevice调节装置、传动装置、起动装置actuatinglever驱动杆、起动杆actuatingmechanism动作机构、执行机构actuatingmotor驱动电动机、伺服电动机actuatingpressure作用压力actuationshaft起动轴actuator调节器、传动装置、执行机构acuteangle锐角adaptivefeedbackcontrol自适应反馈控制adaptiveoptimization自适应最优化adaptor接头、接合器、连结装置、转接器、附件材料科学基础专业词汇:第一章晶体结构

原子质量单位Atomicmassunit(amu)原子数Atomicnumber原子量Atomicweight

波尔原子模型Bohratomicmodel键能Bondingenergy库仑力Coulombicforce

共价键Covalentbond分子的构型molecularconfiguration

电子构型

electronicconfiguration负电的Electronegative正电的Electropositive

基态Groundstate氢键Hydrogenbond离子键Ionicbond同位素Isotope

金属键Metallicbond摩尔Mole分子Molecule泡利不相容原理Pauliexclusionprinciple

元素周期表Periodictable原子atom分子molecule分子量moleculeweight

极性分子Polarmolecule量子数quantumnumber价电子valenceelectron

范德华键vanderwaalsbond电子轨道electronorbitals点群pointgroup

对称要素symmetryelements各向异性anisotropy原子堆积因数atomicpackingfactor(APF)

体心立方结构body-centeredcubic(BCC)面心立方结构face-centeredcubic(FCC)

布拉格定律bragg’slaw配位数coordinationnumber晶体结构crystalstructure

晶系crystalsystem晶体的crystalline衍射diffraction中子衍射neutrondiffraction

电子衍射electrondiffraction晶界grainboundary六方密堆积hexagonalclose-packed(HCP)

鲍林规则Pauling’srulesNaCl型结构NaCl-typestructure

CsCl型结构

CaesiumChloridestructure闪锌矿型结构Blende-typestructure

纤锌矿型结构Wurtzitestructure金红石型结构Rutilestructure

萤石型结构Fluoritestructure钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-typestructure

尖晶石型结构Spinel-typestructure硅酸盐结构Structureofsilicates

岛状结构Islandstructure链状结构Chainstructure层状结构Layerstructure

架状结构Frameworkstructure滑石talc叶蜡石pyrophyllite高岭石kaolinite

石英quartz长石feldspar美橄榄石forsterite各向同性的isotropic各向异性的anisotropy

晶格lattice晶格参数latticeparameters密勒指数millerindices非结晶的noncrystalline

多晶的polycrystalline多晶形polymorphism单晶singlecrystal晶胞unitcell

电位electronstates(化合)价valence电子electrons共价键covalentbonding

金属键metallicbonding离子键Ionicbonding极性分子polarmolecules

原子面密度atomicplanardensity衍射角diffractionangle合金alloy

粒度,晶粒大小grainsize显微结构microstructure显微照相photomicrograph

扫描电子显微镜scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)

透射电子显微镜transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)重量百分数weightpercent

四方的tetragonal单斜的monoclinic配位数coordinationnumber

材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷

缺陷defect,imperfection点缺陷pointdefect线缺陷linedefect,dislocation

面缺陷interfacedefect体缺陷volumedefect位错排列dislocationarrangement

位错线dislocationline刃位错edgedislocation螺位错screwdislocation

混合位错mixeddislocation晶界grainboundaries大角度晶界high-anglegrainboundaries

小角度晶界tiltboundary,孪晶界twinboundaries位错阵列dislocationarray

位错气团dislocationatmosphere位错轴dislocationaxis位错胞dislocationcell

位错爬移dislocationclimb位错聚结dislocationcoalescence位错滑移dislocationslip

位错核心能量dislocationcoreenergy位错裂纹dislocationcrack

位错阻尼dislocationdamping位错密度dislocationdensity

原子错位substitutionofawrongatom间隙原子interstitialatom

晶格空位vacantlatticesites间隙位置interstitialsites杂质impurities

弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkeldisorder肖脱基缺陷Schottkydisorder主晶相thehostlattice

错位原子misplacedatoms缔合中心AssociatedCenters.自由电子FreeElectrons

电子空穴ElectronHoles伯格斯矢量Burgers克罗各-明克符号KrogerVinknotation

中性原子neutralatom

材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷-固溶体

固溶体solidsolution固溶度solidsolubility化合物compound

间隙固溶体interstitialsolidsolution置换固溶体substitutionalsolidsolution

金属间化合物intermetallics不混溶固溶体immisciblesolidsolution

转熔型固溶体peritecticsolidsolution有序固溶体orderedsolidsolution

无序固溶体disorderedsolidsolution固溶强化solidsolutionstrengthening

取代型固溶体Substitutionalsolidsolutions过饱和固溶体supersaturatedsolidsolution

非化学计量化合物Nonstoichiometriccompound

材料科学基础专业词汇:第三章熔体结构

熔体结构structureofmelt过冷液体supercoolingmelt玻璃态vitreousstate

软化温度softeningtemperature粘度viscosity表面张力Surfacetension

介稳态过渡相metastablephase组织constitution淬火quenching

退火的softened玻璃分相phaseseparationinglasses体积收缩volumeshrinkage

材料科学基础专业词汇:第四章固体的表面与界面

表面surface界面interface同相界面homophaseboundary

异相界面heterophaseboundary晶界grainboundary表面能surfaceenergy

小角度晶界lowanglegrainboundary大角度晶界highanglegrainboundary

共格孪晶界coherenttwinboundary晶界迁移grainboundarymigration

错配度mismatch驰豫relaxation重构reconstuction表面吸附surfaceadsorption

表面能surfaceenergy倾转晶界titltgrainboundary扭转晶界twistgrainboundary

倒易密度reciprocaldensity共格界面coherentboundary半共格界面semi-coherentboundary非共格界面noncoherentboundary界面能interfacialfreeenergy

应变能strainenergy晶体学取向关系crystallographicorientation

惯习面habitplane

材料科学基础专业词汇:第五章相图

相图phasediagrams相phase组分component组元compoonent

相律Phaserule投影图Projectiondrawing浓度三角形Concentrationtriangle

冷却曲线Coolingcurve成分composition自由度freedom

相平衡phaseequilibrium化学势chemicalpotential热力学thermodynamics

相律phaserule吉布斯相律Gibbsphaserule自由能freeenergy

吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy吉布斯混合能Gibbsenergyofmixing

吉布斯熵Gibbsentropy吉布斯函数Gibbsfunction热力学函数thermodynamicsfunction

热分析thermalanalysis过冷supercooling过冷度degreeofsupercooling

杠杆定律leverrule相界phaseboundary相界线phaseboundaryline

相界交联phaseboundarycrosslinking共轭线conjugatelines

相界有限交联phaseboundarycrosslinking相界反应phaseboundaryreaction

相变phasechange相组成phasecomposition共格相phase-coherent

金相相组织phaseconstentuent相衬phasecontrast相衬显微镜phasecontrastmicroscope

相衬显微术phasecontrastmicroscopy相分布phasedistribution

相平衡常数phaseequilibriumconstant相平衡图phaseequilibriumdiagram

相变滞后phasetransitionlag相分离phasesegregation相序phaseorder

相稳定性phasestability相态phasestate相稳定区phasestabilerange

相变温度phasetransitiontemperature相变压力phasetransitionpressure

同质多晶转变polymorphictransformation同素异晶转变allotropictransformation

相平衡条件phaseequilibriumconditions显微结构microstructures低共熔体eutectoid

不混溶性immiscibility

材料科学基础专业词汇:第六章扩散

活化能activationenergy扩散通量diffusionflux浓度梯度concentrationgradient

菲克第一定律Fick’sfirstlaw菲克第二定律Fick’ssecondlaw相关因子correlationfactor

稳态扩散steadystatediffusion非稳态扩散nonsteady-statediffusion

扩散系数diffusioncoefficient跳动几率jumpfrequency

填隙机制interstitalcymechanism晶界扩散grainboundarydiffusion

短路扩散short-circuitdiffusion上坡扩散uphilldiffusion下坡扩散Downhilldiffusion

互扩散系数Mutualdiffusion渗碳剂carburizing浓度梯度concentrationgradient

浓度分布曲线concentrationprofile扩散流量diffusionflux驱动力drivingforce

间隙扩散interstitialdiffusion自扩散self-diffusion表面扩散surfacediffusion

空位扩散vacancydiffusion扩散偶diffusioncouple扩散方程diffusionequation

扩散机理diffusionmechanism扩散特性diffusionproperty无规行走Randomwalk

达肯方程Darkequation柯肯达尔效应Kirkendallequation

本征热缺陷Intrinsicthermaldefect本征扩散系数Intrinsicdiffusioncoefficient

离子电导率Ion-conductivity空位机制Vacancyconcentration

材料科学基础专业词汇:第七章相变

过冷supercoolin