英文-Unit-6-International-Cargo-Insurance市公开课一等奖省赛课微

Unit6

InternationalCargo

Insurance国际贸易实务(双语版)应用外语系基础平台课程广东轻工职业技术学院应用外语系1/60LearningObjectivesRealizetheperilsandlossesinoceantransportLearnthethreebasicinsurancecoverageandadditionalinsurancecoverageunderC.I.C.Understandthewaysofpreparingtheapplicationformofinsurance.Understandthewaysofstipulatinginsuranceclausesinsalescontract2/60Aswehavepreviouslytalkedabout,thereisusuallyalongdistancebetweenthesellerandthebuyerininternationaltrade.Nomatterwhichmodeoftransporthasbeenchosen,allkindsofrisksorperilsmayappearandcausecertainlossofordamagetothegoodsateachstageoftheirjourney.Inordertothefinanciallosses,importersorexportersusuallychangetheuncertainrisksintofixedchargesbyeffectinginsurance.Ifanyunfortunateincidentswithinthecoverageoftheinsuranceoccurred,theinsuredwouldbewithcertainamountofmoney.MarineCargoInsuranceminimize v.将……减到最少minimizecompensate v.偿还,赔偿,付酬劳compensated3/60ContentsSection1

BasicConceptsinInsuranceSection2MarinePerilsandLossesSection3MarineInsuranceunderC.I.C.Section4ExportandImportInsurancePracticeExercises4/60Therearemanykindsofinsuranceinthesociety,suchaslifeinsurance,propertyinsurance,insuranceagainstaccidentalinjury,diseasesandsoon.But,now,inthischapter,wewillonlyfocusoncargoinsurance,asortoftransportinsurance.Cargoinsuranceisacontractwherebytheinsurer(insurancecompany),onthebasisofpremium,undertakestotheinsuredagainstlossfromcertainrisksorperilstowhichthecargoinsuredmaybeexposed.Itisanofinternationaltrade.Section1I.Cargoinsuranceindemnify v.赔偿,赔偿,保护indemnifyindispensable a.不可缺乏indispensableadjunct n.从属物,附件,修饰语adjunct5/60

Subjectmatterinsuredreferstothething,item,andsubjectthattheinsuranceisinsured.Itcanbevisibleorinvisible.Section1II.SubjectmatterinsuredIII.InsurerTheinsurer,alsocalledunderwriter,isthepartytoaninsurancearrangementwhoundertakestoindemnifyforlossesorprovideservice,whichusuallyindicatestheinsurancecompanyortheindividualswhorunaninsurancefirm.ThefollowingaresomecommoninsurersinChina:6/60Theinsuredisthepartywhoisinsuredagainstlossesandtowhomthecompensationismade.Itusuallyreferstotheownerofthegoods.Section1IV.InsuredV.InsurancepolicyInsurancepolicyisawritingwherebyacontractofinsuranceismadeinwhichtherightsanddutiesoftheinsurerandtheinsuredaresetout.Itmainlyincludesthefollowinginformation:nameoftheinsurer,nameoftheinsured,subject-matterinsured,insuredvalue,insuredamount,insuranceliability,excludedduties,periodofinsurance,premiumandsoon.7/60Theinsuredamountistheamountofmoneytheinsurercoversagainstthelossesoftheinsured.Generallyspeaking,theinsuredamountisthemaximizedamountofthecompensationpayabletotheinsured.Thepremiumisimposedonthebasisofinsuredamount.Ininternationaltrade,theinsuredamountisusually110%oftheCIF(CPT)value.Theadditional10%wouldbeusedtocompensatethelossofprofitfromthetransaction.Section1VI.

InsuredamountVII.

PremiumThepremiumisthemoneypaidbytheinsuredtotheinsurerfortheinsuranceservice.Itisalwaysapercentageoftheinsuredamount.Withthedifferencesininsurancecoverage,commodities,modesoftransportationandportsofdestination,therewouldbedifferentinsurancepercentagesapplied.8/60Oceantransportisthemostcommonwayoftransportationininternationaltrade.However,itisgreatlypossibletohaveperilsandrisksintheocean.Inordertoprotecttheimporterandexporteragainstthefinancialloss,marine(cargo)transportinsuranceisundertaken.TheperilsandrisksoftheseaareusuallyclassifiedintoMarinePerilsandExtraneousRisks.Section2I.

Perilsandrisks9/60Section2I.

Perilsandrisks1.MarineperilsMarineperilsrefertothosedangersandriskswhicharebeyondthecontrolofthecaptainwhenthevesselistravelingamongtheocean.Thus,todecidewhetherthecarrierisresponsibleforthedamagedependsuponthenatureoftheloss.Iftherewasnoofthecaptain,thecarriercouldprobablynotbeheldresponsibleforthecompensation.Themarinetransportinsurancewherebyisavailabletocoverthelosseswhichiscausedbymarineperils.negligence n.疏忽,粗心大意negligence10/60Section2I.

Perilsandrisks(1)NaturalcalamitiesNaturalcalamitiesaresuchperilsunderforcemajeurecoverbadweather,thunderandlightening,flood,floating,driftice,earthquake,andotherirresistibledisasters.tsunami n.海啸tsunami11/60Section2I.

Perilsandrisks(2)Fortuitousaccidentsaccidentsmainlyinclude,strikingarock,sunk,,fire,explodingandmissingandotheraccidentsatsea.fortuitous a.偶然,意外Fortuitousstranded a.搁浅,进退两难strandedcollide v.碰撞,互撞,抵触collide12/60Section2I.

Perilsandrisks2.ExtraneousrisksExtraneousrisksaretherisksoutofmarineperil,including:(1)GeneralextraneousrisksThegeneralextraneousrisksareriskscausedbytheft,rain,leakage,shortage,breakage,dampness,heating,andmildewing,taintofodor,hooking,rusting,etc.(2)SpecialextraneousrisksSpecialextraneousrisksrefertorisksduetomilitaryaffairs,politicalandadministrativerulessuchaswar,strike,failureofdelivery,rejection,etc.13/60Section2II.

Average1.Totalloss(1)ActualtotallossAlossisanactualtotallossifthesubject-matterinsuredisdestroyedorissodamagedastoceasetobeathingofthekindinsuredoriftheinsuredisdeprivedofthesubject-matter.Also,whereashipengagedinamarineadventureismissingandnonewsoftheshipisreceivedwithinareasonableperiod,anactualtotallossmaybepresumed.Averagemeanslosssustainedinoceantransportation.Itcanbedividedintototallossandpartiallosstotheextentoflosses.irretrievably ad.不可挽回地(无法填补地,不能恢复地)irretrievably14/60Section2II.

Average(2)ConstructivetotallossUnlessamarinepolicyotherwiseprovides,alossisaconstructivetotallossifthesubject-matterinsuredisreasonablyabandonedbecausetheactualtotallossofthesubject-matterappearsunavoidableorthepreservationofthesubject-matterfromactualtotallosswouldcostsitsvaluewhenthecostsareincurred.Aninsuredmaytreataconstructivetotallossasapartiallossormayabandonthesubject-matterinsuredtotheinsurerandtreattheconstructivetotallossasanactualtotalloss.entail v.使……成为必要,使……蒙受entailexceed v.超出,胜过,越出exceeding15/60Section2II.

AverageTheinsuredwhoelectstoabandonthesubject-matterinsuredtotheinsurermustgiveanoticeofabandonmenttotheinsurerwithreasonableaftertheinsuredreceivesreliableinformationoftheloss.Aninsuredwhoreceivesdoubtfulinformationofalossisentitledtoareasonabletimetomakeinquiriesbeforegivinganoticeofabandonmentwithinareasonabletime.Mannerofgivingnoticemaybeoralorwritten,orpartlyoralandpartlywritten,andinanytermsthatindicatetheinsured’sintentiontoabandonunconditionallytheinsuredinterestinthesubject-mattertotheinsurer.Ifaninsuredfailstogiveanoticeofabandonmentasrequired,theconstructivetotallossmaybetreatedonlyasapartialloss.diligence n.勤奋diligence16/60Section2II.

AverageWheninsuredgoodsreachtheirdestinationinspeciebutcannotbeidentifiedbyreasonofobliterationofmarksorotherwise,theloss,ifany,isapartialloss.Apartiallossisanylossthatisnotatotalloss.Unlessamarinepolicyotherwiseprovides,aninsuredwhobringsanactionforatotallossbutestablishesonlyapartiallossmayrecoverforapartialloss.Apartiallossmaybeaparticularaveragelossorageneralaverageloss.2.Partialloss

17/60Section2II.

Average(1)ParticularaveragelossAparticularaveragelossisalossofthesubject-matterinsuredthatiscausedbyaperilinsuredagainstandisnotbytheactofapersonforcommonbenefit,thatlossmustbeexclusivelybythepersonuponwhomthedamagefalls.Itisanaccidentaldamagetopartofthecargo.Forexample,20%ofthericewaswhentheshipleaked.(2)GeneralaveragelossAgeneralaveragelossisalosscausedbyordirectlyonageneralaverageact,andincludesageneralaveragesacrificeandageneralaverageexpenditure.deliberate a.有意,深思熟虑deliberatesustain v.承受,支持,经受,维持sustainedperish v.毁灭,死亡perishedconsequential a.作为结果(引出主要结果,自高自大)consequential18/60Section2II.

AverageAgeneralaverageactisanyextraordinarysacrificeorexpenditure,knownasageneralaveragesacrificeandageneralaverageexpenditure,respectively,thatisvoluntarilyandreasonablyincurredintimeofperilforthepurposeofpreservingthepropertyfromperilinacommonadventure.Subjecttotheconditionsimposedbymaritimelaw,apersonwhoincursageneralaveragelossisentitledtoreceivefromtheotherinterestedpersonsacontribution,knownasageneralaveragecontribution,inrespectoftheloss.ratable a.可估价,可评价,百分比ratable19/60Section2II.

AverageSubjecttoanyexpressprovisioninthemarinepolicy,aninsuredwhoincursageneralaverageexpendituremayrecoverfromtheinsurerinrespectoftheproportionofthelossfallingontheinsured;andaninsuredwhoincursageneralaveragesacrificemayrecoverfromtheinsurerinrespectofthewholeloss,withouthavingenforcedtheinsured’srighttocontributionfromotherpersons.Subjecttoanyexpressprovisioninthemarinepolicy,aninsuredthathaspaid,orisliabletopay,ageneralaveragecontributioninrespectofthesubject-matterinsuredmayrecoverthecontributionfromtheinsurer.20/60Section2II.

AverageSubjecttoanyexpressprovisioninthemarinepolicy,aninsurerisnotliableforageneralaveragelossorageneralaveragecontribution,unlessthelosswasincurredforthepurposeofaverting,orinconnectionwiththeavoidanceof,aperilinsuredagainst.Whereanyship,freightandgoods,oranytwoofthem,areownedbythesameinsured,theliabilityoftheinsurerforageneralaveragelossorageneralaveragecontributionshallbedeterminedasiftheywereownedbydifferentpersons.21/60Section2II.

AverageThus,fortheretobeageneralaverageact,certaincriteriamustbemet.Theactmustfulfillthefollowingrequirement:①Theremustbean“Extraordinary”sacrificeorexpenditurewhichismadeforthebenefitofallthepartiestothecommonadventure.②Themeasurestakenweredeliberateandreasonable.“Deliberate”meansthattheactionofmakingasacrificeisintentionallymadeonwillingness.“Reasonable”infersthatthesacrificeshouldbeconsideredtobeeffectiveandthemosteconomicalonthespot.22/60Section2II.

Average③Alossmaybeclaimedingeneralaverageactwhichcausedthatlosswascarried“intimeofperil”.Theperilsmustberealandactuallyhappen.④Thesacrificeshouldbedirectlyresultedfromthegeneralaverageact.⑤Theactionsoftheship’smastershouldbeeffective.Ifnopropertyissaved,therewouldbenocontributions,becausenobodyhasbenefitedfromthegeneralaverageact.forthcoming a.即将到来forthcoming23/60Section2III.ChargesOceanmarineinsurancealsocoverssomechargesincurredinreducingthelossofthesubjectmatterinsuredeitherbytheinsuredhimselforapartyotherthantheinsurerand/ortheinsured.Otherexpensessuchassueandlaborchargeandsalvagecharges.1.Sueandlaborcharge

Sueandlaborchargesareexpensesincurredbyoronbehalfofaninsuredforthepurposeofpreservingthesubject-matterinsuredfromaperilinsuredagainst.Butunlikegeneralaverage,sueandlaborexpensesarecarriedoutspecificallyforthesingularbenefitofthesubjectmatterinsurednotthecommoninterest.Expensesincurredforsuingandlaboringare.recoverable a.可恢复recoverable24/60Section2III.ChargesSalvagechargesarechargesrecoverableundermaritimelawbyaindependentlyofanycontract,butdonotincludeexpensesincurredforservicesinthenatureofbytheinsuredortheinsured’sagent,oranypersonhiredbytheinsuredortheinsured’sagent,forthepurposeofavertingalossbyaperilinsuredagainst.2.

Salvagechargesalvor n.难船救助者,救难者,救难船salvorsalvage n.救捞(抢修,废物利用,废弃品,救难费)salvagerender v.提供,报答,着色,致使rendered25/60ThemarineinsuranceunderChinaInsuranceClauses(C.I.C.)providestwotypesofinsurancecoverage:basiccoverageandadditionalcoverage.Section3I.BasicmarineinsurancecoverageThemarineinsuranceunderChinaInsuranceClauses(C.I.C.)providestwotypesofinsurancecoverage:basiccoverageandadditionalcoverage.1.Typesofbasicmarineinsurancecoverage

Accordingtothescopeofcoverage,basicinsurancecoveragecanbeclassifiedinto:FPA,WPAandAllRisks.GeneralAdditionalRisksAllRisksWPAFPAAdditionalRisk26/60(1)FPA(Freefromparticularaverage)FPAisalimitedformofcargoinsurancewhichonlyprovidescoveragefortotallossesandgeneralaveragelossarisingfromtheactual“marineperils”likevesselbeingstranded,groundedorsunk.Nopartiallossordamageresultedfromnaturalcalamitiesisrecoverable,unlessthesenaturalcalamitiesoccurbeforeorafterfortuitousaccidents.Section3I.Basicmarineinsurancecoverage

27/60(2)WPA(orWA,withparticularaverage,withaverage)WPAisawiderformofcargoinsurancethatprovidescoveragainstalllossordamageduetomarineperilsthroughouttheofthepolicy,includingpartiallossordamagewhichmaybeattributedtonaturalcalamitieslikeheavyweather.RelationbetweenWPAandFPAcanbeexpressedbythefollowingequation:WPA=FPA+ParticularAverageCausedbyNaturalCalamitySection3I.Basicmarineinsurancecoverage

extensive a.广泛,辽阔extensiveduration n.连续,持久duration28/60③AllRisksAllrisksisthebroadestformofcargoinsuranceofthethreebasiccoverageunderwhichtheinsurerisresponsibleforalltotalorpartiallossof,ordamagetothegoodsinsuredeitherarisingfrommarineperilsorgeneralextraneousrisks.However,AllRisksdoesnotinfactcoverallrisksduringthetransportation.Itdoesnotcoverloss,damageorexpensecausedbydelay,ornatureofthegoodsinsured,orspecialextraneousrisksofwar,strike,etc.Then,wecangettheequationbetweenAllRisksandWPA:AllRisks=WPA+GeneralAdditionalRisks.Section3I.Basicmarineinsurancecoverage

inherentvice 内部缺点inherentvice29/60ChinaInsuranceClausesareverysimilartoInstituteCargoClauses(ICC,effectiveJanuary1,1982)madebytheInstituteofLondonandwidelyusedaroundtheworld.ICC(C),forexample,hasthesamecoverageasCICFPAexceptfordamageofpackageduringloadingand/orunloading.ICC(B)hasthesamecoverageplusdamageofpackageduringloadingand/orunloading.ICC(B)and(C)providecoveragainstspecifiedrisksonly.ICC(A)providescoveragainstallrisksthatarenotspecificallyexcludedandissimilartoAllRisksofCIC.Section3I.Basicmarineinsurancecoverage

underwriter n.保险业者,承诺支付者Underwriters2.RelationwithICC

30/60Inregardtothedurationofliabilityofinsurersinoceanmarinecargoinsurance,CICusuallyadoptswarehousetowarehouseclause(W/WClause),whichmeansinsurancecoverageofriskstoashipmentofgoodsfromthetimethegoodsleavethewarehouseforcommencementoftransitandcontinueduringordinarycourseoftransituntildeliveredtofinalwarehouseatdestination,oruntiltheexpirationof60daysfromthemomentthattheinsuredgoodsareunloadediftheshipmentfailstoreachtheaforesaidwarehouse.But,exceptthecasethegoodsaretransportedtootherplacewhichisnotindicatedonthepolicy.Section3I.Basicmarineinsurancecoverage

3.Thecommencementandterminationofthebasicinsurancecoverage4.

Exclusion

Exclusionreferstothecasesthattheinsurerisnotliableforthelossesorthedamage.UnderICC,theexclusiontothethreebasiccoverageincludes:31/60Deliberateactorfaultoftheinsured.Lossesduetotheresponsibilityoftheconsignor.qualityorshortagebeforetheinsurancegoesintoeffect.Lossesarisingfromthenaturalloss,inherentviceorthenatureofthesubjectmatter;lossesduetothemarketand/orthedelayintransit,andanychargesrelated.Risksandliabilitiescoveredbythewarrisksandstrikerisks,alsoincludestheirexclusion.Section3I.Basicmarineinsurancecoverage

inferior a.次等,较低,不如Inferiorfluctuation n.波动,起伏fluctuation32/60Generaladditionalriskscoverslossescausedbyextraneousrisksandarecoveredsubjecttoadditionalpremium.Theycanbeclassifiedinto:T.P.N.D.(Theft,pilferage,andnondelivery)Riskoftheftandpilferagereferstotheriskofbeingstolenduringthevoyage;riskofnon-deliveryreferstotheriskagainstlossofcompletepackageresultingfromimproperunloadingorforsomeunknownreasons.Freshwaterand/orraindamage(FWRD)Theriskofdamagetothegoodsbyfreshwaterand/orrainiscoveredbythisrisk.Section3II.Additionalinsurancecoverage

1.Generaladditionalrisks

33/60ShortageThisriskcoverstheshortageofweightforthegoodsduetothebrokenexternalpacking.Butnormalshortageofweightisexcluded.IntermixtureandcontaminationDamagetothegoodscausedbyitsbeingorcontaminatedwitheachotheriscoveredbythisrisk.LeakageItcoverstheriskofseepageandleakageoftheliquidcargocausedbythedamagedcontainer.Section3II.Additionalinsurancecoverage

intermix v.混入,混杂intermixed34/60ClashandbreakageThisriskcoversthebreakageofthefragilegoodsduetovibration,clashorpressing.TaintofodorSomekindsofgoods(edibles,herbalmedicineorrawmaterial)maybetaintedbyodorofthemselves.Suchrisksareunderthiscoverage.SweatandheatingDamagetothegoodsbysweatandheatingasaresultofthesuddenchangeoftemperatureorthedisorderiscoveredbythisrisk.Section3II.Additionalinsurancecoverage

ventilation n.通风ventilation35/60HookdamageItcoversdamagetothegoodscausedbyhooksinloadingandunloading,suchasthelossesofriceduetothedamageofthepackingbagsbyhooks.BreakageofpackingDamagetothegoodscausedbyroughhandlingiscoveredbythisrisk.RustingThisriskcoversthedamagetothegoodsbyrustcausedbycontaminationofseawater.Butgoodsgettingrustybyitselforduetoitsownflawareoutofthecoverage.GeneraladditionalriskscannotbecoveredindependentlyandshouldgowithFPAorWPA.TheyareincludedinAllRiskscoverage.Section3II.Additionalinsurancecoverage

36/60Specialadditionalriskscoverthedamageorlossesarisingfromspecialadditionalreasonssuchaspoliticalevents,militaryaffairs,nationalpolitiesandacts,andadministrativemeasures.Thespecialadditionalrisksinclude:Section3II.Additionalinsurancecoverage

2.Specialadditionalrisks

WarriskItcoverslossescausedbywar,piracy,armedconflict,warlikeoracts,,,andtheirconfinement.Italsocoversthegeneralaverage,salvagecharges,andsueandlaborexpensesarisingfromtheaboveacts.Damageasaresultoftorpedoesandvariousbombs(exceptatomicbombs)arecoveredbywarriskaswell.antagonistic a.反抗性antagonisticdetention n.挽留,延迟,拘留detentionseizure n.捕捉,夺取,捕捉物seizure37/60Section3II.Additionalinsurancecoverage

StrikeriskThelosscausedbystrikes,civilcommotionandriotiscoveredbythisrisk.OndeckriskUnderthisterm,theinsurerwillcoverlossescausedbycargodroppingintothesea,whichisespeciallyforthecargoon-deck.ImportdutyriskSometimestheinsuredwillbeaskedforthecompleteimportdutyeventhoughtheyhavebeenpartiallydamagedduringthetransit.Thisriskinsurancecoverssuchlosses.38/60Section3II.Additionalinsurancecoverage

RejectionriskUnderthisinsurancecoverage,theinsurercoverslossesduetoorbytheimportingcustomsauthorityorcountry.AflatoxinItcoverslossesarisingfromtherejection,confiscation,ofconfinementofthegoodsasthegoodscontainsinofwhatispermittedbytheimportcountry.rejection n.拒绝,被弃,被抛弃实例rejectionconfiscation n.没收,充公,徵发confiscationaflatoxin n.[生化]黄曲霉毒素aflatoxinexcess n.超出,超越,过分,过量excess39/60Section3II.Additionalinsurancecoverage

FailuretodeliveryUnderthiscoverage,theinsurercoverslossesduetoafailuretodeliverthegoodswithinsixmonthsofitsshipping,whateverthereasonforthefailure.

Fireriskextensionclause

ForcargostorageatadestinationinHongKong,includingKowloon,orMacao,theinsurerunderthisinsurancecoverageisresponsibleforthelossescausedbyfirewhenthegoodsareinthewarehouse.ThespecialadditionalriskscannotstandindependentlyandtheyshouldbetakenouttogetherwithFPA,WPAandAllRisks.40/60InsuranceclauseisoneofthemostimportantpartsinasalescontractorL/C,whichwillusuallyspecifythefollowinginformation:whichpartyisgoingtoeffecttheinsurance,howmuchtheinsuredamountis,whichtypeofinsurancecoverage,etc.However,inpractice,thecontentoftheinsuranceclausesmayvaryifdifferenttradetermsarechosen.InFOB,CFRorFCA,CPTcontract,theinsuranceclausesmaybesimplystatedas“Insurancetobecoveredbythebuyer”.Butifthebuyerentruststhesellertoeffecttheinsurance,then,thereshouldbeamorespecifiedstipulation.InCIForCIPcontract,theclausesshouldbemadeasclearaspossible,suchas“Insurancetobecoveredbythesellerfor110%ofinvoicevalueagainstAllRisksandStrikeRiskasperandsubjecttotherelevantoceanmarinecargoclausesofthePeople’sInsuranceCompanyofChina,dated12/20,”.Section4I.Insuranceclauses

41/60Practically,theexportercanhardlychoosewhatevercoveragetheywantfromtheInsurancecompany.Thesubjectmattershouldbeinsuredbyappropriateinsurancecoverage.Theexperiencedexportersknowthelossestheyexpect.Moreover,theinsuranceshouldbebotheconomicalandeffective.Thenhowcanwedecidewhichkindofcoverageshouldwechoose?Forinstance,cargolikemineralwillfacelittleornoriskofpartiallossandFPAorICC(C)willbesufficient.Onthecontrary,cargosuchasshoes,bikesandmostmanufacturedgoodswillfacemarineperilsandextraneousrisks,soAllRisksorICC(A)shouldbeconsidered.Section4II.Choiceofinsurancecoverage

ore n.矿,矿石ores42/60WoodlogsneedthecoverageofFPAorICC(B)sincetheycouldbelostbutnotdamaged,whileshouldbecoveredbyWPAorICC(B)sinceitcanbelostanddamaged,butlesspronetodamageorlossbyextraneousrisksthanfinishedproducts.Finally,todecidewhichcoverageshouldbetakenonehavetoconsiderthefollowingfactors:1.natureandcharacteristicsofthegoods;2.packingconditions;3.transportationroutineandtheportsrelated;4.seasonoftransportation;5.changesofthemarket;6.theusualpracticeofcountries.Section4II.Choiceofinsurancecoverage

plywood n.夹板,合板plywood43/60Theinsuranceamountisthehighestamountfortheinsurershallcompensate.Premiumiscalculatedbasedontheamountandtherate.Equation1:Insuredamount=CIF(CIP)price×(1+percentageofaddition)Equation2:Premium=insuranceamount×premiumrate(percentage)Equation3:CIF(CIP)price=CFR(CPT)price+PremiumCIF(CIP)price=CFR(CPT)price+Premium=CFR(CPT)price+insuranceamount×premiumrate(percentage)=CFR(CPT)price+CIF(CIP)price×(1+percentageofaddition)×premiumrate(percentage);Section4III.Calculationofinsuranceamountandpremium

44/60CIF(CIP)price-CIF(CIP)price×(1+percentageofaddition)×premiumrate(percentage)=CFR(CPT)priceThen,CIF(CIP)price×[1-Premiumrate×(1+percentageofaddition)]=CFR(CPT)priceFromequation1,2and3,wecanget:Equation4:CIF(CIP)price=CFR(CPT)price/1-[Premiumrate×(1+percentageofaddition)]Section4III.Calculationofinsuranceamountandpremium

45/60Examplecalculation:OriginalquotationmadebyexporterAforarticleXis$1000perM/TCFRLondon.SupposetheimporterasksforCIFprice,insurance