《土木工程专业英语》复习题

《土木工程专业英语》一、单项选择（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

1.Beforedesigningaproject,civilengineersshouldsurveyboththe()andsubsoilfeaturesoftheproposedsite.A.photographyB.geographerC.topographyD.graphy2.Dams,(),watersupplysystems,andotherlargeprojectsordinarilyemployseveralengineerstoworktogether.A.beamB.columnC.brickD.bridge3.Inmodernroadconstructions,powerfulmodernmachinesareemployedtomovemountainsandfillvalleystomakethe()asdirectaspossible.A.routesB.rootsC.surfacesD.lane4.Betweenthebuildings（）aprimaryschool.

A.standB.standsC.tostandD.standing5.Tensilefailureof()concretehappenseasilyandinvolvesprogressivemicro-cracking.A.forcedB.reinforcedC.steelD.unreinforced6.()concreteisusedonlyforfootingsandconcreteslabslaidontheground,andforothermassivestructures.A.forcedB.reinforcedC.steelD.Plain7.Thelawsthat（）howthebuildingsmaybemadearebuildingcodes.

A.tellB.tellsC.toldD.telling

8.Thesteelbarsinconcretetakethe()componentofthebendingmoment.A.shearB.compressiveC.tensileD.draw9.Itisexpensive（）futurecitiesonthesea.

A.buildB.builtC.tobuildD.builds

10.Crackswouldnotonlybeunsightlybutwould()thesteelbarstocorrosionbymoistureandotherchemicalaction.A.adoptB.exposeC.employD.make11.The（）cementsarewidelyusedontheconstructionsite.

A.above-mentionedB.above-mentioning

C.above-mentionD.above-mentions

12.Besidesitsabilitytosustainloads,concreteisalsorequiredtobe().A.capableB.considerableC.durableD.beautiful13.Itisourdutyto（）thespecification.

A.complywithB.completeC.knowD.make14.Concreteis()aporousmaterial.A.natureB.inherentlyC.madeD.not15.Conclusionscanbe()fromtheabovediscussion.A.drawnB.tensileC.towedC.looked二、单词填空（共10空；每空2分，满分20分）1.TheRomansboundtheirempiretogetherwithanextensivesystemofroadsradiatinginmanydirectionsfromRome.2.Portlandcementmustpassaseriesofchemicalandphysicaltestsbeforeitcanbeshipped.3.Concreteconsistsofwater,cement,aggregateandsand.（admixture）4.Asimplecontractconsistsofanagreemententeredintobytwoormoreparties.5.Thepresenceofcracksinconcretereducesitsresistancetotheactionofcorrosionofreinforcedbars.6.Concreteisawidelyusedmaterialinnumerouscivilengineeringstructures三、英译中（短句翻译，共5句，每句3分，满分15分）1.Duetotheabilityofconcretetobecastonsiteitallowstobeusedindifferentshapesinstructures.因为混凝土具有现场浇注的性能，所以它被允许用于各种形状的结构。2.Inadditiontothemaincomponentsofconcretes,admixturesareoftenusedforspecialpurposes.除了混凝土的主要成分之外，混合剂常用于特殊用途。3.Highorlowtemperaturesandhighorlowhumidityinthemselvesdonotcausesignificantdamagetobuildingmaterials,butchangesintemperatureandhumiditydo.高或低的温度或湿度的高低本身不会引起建筑材料重大的破坏，但会受温度、湿度影响而发生变化。4.Curingisthetermgiventotheprotectionoftheconcreteduringtheearlystagesofhardening,whenitrequiresadditionalmoistureforthecontinuinghydrationofthecement.养护是指当混凝土在硬化凝结的初期需要额外的水分不断进行水泥的水化反应时对其进行保护的过程。5.Contractorsareusuallyunwillingtoenterintoanyentirecontracts,otherthantheverysmallest,unlessprovisionismadeforinterimpaymentstothemastheworkproceeds.除了非常小的合同之外，承包商通常是不愿意签订任何一整套的合同的，除非有条款规定随着工程的进行，业主将付给他们相应的报酬。四、中译英（短句翻译，共5句，每句3分，满分15分）1.搞清楚作为一个成功的土木工程师所要具备的素质。U12.钢和混凝土是当前广泛使用的结构材料。Steelandconcretearewidelyusedstructurematerials.3.人们应用的多数能量来自于燃烧矿物燃料。U104.建筑物中承受重量和荷载的部分称之为建筑结构部分。U75.施工进度计划能组织各方面的力量并引导各个项目参与者成功完成项目。U9五、英译中（短文翻译，共1篇，满分20分）1.Concreteisacompositematerial.Itconsistsofcoarseaggregateandacontinuousmatrixofmortar,whichitselfcomprisesamixtureofcementpasteandsmalleraggregateparticles.Itsphysicalbehaviorisverycomplex,beinglargelydeterminedbythestructureofthecompositematerial,suchastheratioofwatertocement,theratioofcementtoaggregate,theshapeandsizeofaggregate,andthekindofcementused.Concreteisreinforcedtogiveitextrastrength-withoutsuchreinforcement,manybuildingprojectswouldbeimpossible.Reinforcedconcretecanbeusedformanytypesofstructuresandcomponentsandcanbemadeintoalmostanyshapeorsize.Thematerialisdevelopedbyincorporatingsteelreinforcementbarsorfibersintothetradit