常用的临床医学术语

常用临床医学术语

diseases疾病

acutediseases急性病

advanceddiseases病沉重期，晚期疾病

chronicdiseases慢性病

communicablediseases传染病

complicatingdiseases并发病

congenitaldiseases先天性疾病

acquireddiseases后人性疾病

contagiousdiseases接触性传染病

endemicdiseases地方病

epidemicdiseases流行病

functionaldiseases机能病、官能病

infectiousdiseases传染病

inheriteddiseases遗传病

malignantdiseases恶性病

nutritionaldiseases营养病

occupationdiseases职业病

organicdiseases器质性病

paroxysmaldiseases阵发性病

periodicaldiseases周期病

primary(principal)diseases原发(主导)病

secondarydiseases继发病

sexual(venereal,social)diseases件病

terminaldiseases绝症

wastingdiseases消耗性疾病

chiefcomplaintt诉

clinicalmanifestation临床表现

deliveryhistory分娩史

etiology病因学

familyhistory家族史

history,medicalhistory病史

precipitating(induced)诱因

maritalstatus婚姻状况

menstrualhistory月经史

menarche初潮

menopause闭经

pasthistory既往史

pathogenesis发病机制

personalhistory个人史

symptoms症状

cardinalsymptom主要症状

classicalsymptom典型症状

concomitantsymptom伴发症状

constitutional(systemic)symptom全身症状

indirectsymptom间接症状

inducedsymptom诱发症状

localsymptom局部症状

mentalsymptom精神症状

symptom-complex(syndrome)symptom综合症，症候群

signs体征

antecedent前驱征

assident(accessory)副征

commemorative后遗症

signofdeath死征

diagnostic诊断征

signofdisease病征

subjective自觉征，主观征

veinsign静脉征

vitalsign生命体征

bodylength(heightofthebody)身高

bodyweight体重

barrelchest桶状胸

cachexia恶病质

compulsiveposition被动体位

criticalfacies病危面容

emaciation消瘦

enophthalmos眼球下陷

entropion睑内翻

exophthalmos眼球突出

flushedface面色潮红

gain(loss)inweight增加(减轻)体重

lock-jaw牙关紧闭

lordosis脊柱前凸

nasalalaflap鼻翼扇动

nystagmus眼震

obesity肥胖

pallor苍白

scolisis脊柱侧凸

agitation焦急不安

debility,weakness虚弱

diaphoresis出汗，大量出汗

dizziness,vertigo眩晕

lassitude,fatigue无力，倦怠

malaise不适

nightsweat盗汗

numbness麻木

rigor,chill寒冷，发冷

perspiration,sweating出汗

pruritus,itching痒,

somasthenia躯体无力

tingling麻刺感

abscess脓肿

acidosis酸中毒

adhesion粘连

alkalosis碱中毒

allergy过敏

coagulationdefect凝血不良

congestion充血

dehydration脱水

distention膨胀

edema水肿

embolism栓塞，栓塞形成

fluidandelectrolyteimbalance水电解质紊乱

gangrene坏疽

hematoma血肿

hemorrhage,bleeding出血

infarction梗塞,梗死

infection传染

inflammation炎症

ketoacidosis酮酸中毒

metastasis转移

perforation穿孔

necrosis坏死

shock休克

response反应，应答

reaction反应,感应

thrombosis血栓形成

ulceration溃疡

fever,pyrexia发烧，发热

continuousfever稽留热

intermittentfever间歇热

low-gradefever低热

remittentfever驰张热

relapsingfever回归热

pain痛

burningpain灼痛

chest(flank,...)pain胸(胁腹…)痛

cramp-likepain痉挛性痛

dull,diffusedpain弥漫性钝痛

pleuriticpain胸膜炎性痛

radiatingpain(painradiatingto...)放射性痛(放射到..疼痛)angina绞痛

cardiacangina心绞痛

backache背痛

colic绞痛，急腹痛

earache耳痛

headache头痛

neuralgia神经疝

migraine偏头痛

reboundtenderness反跳痛

somatalgia躯体痛

sorethroat咽喉痛

stomachache胃痛

toothache牙痛

bloodysputum带血的痰

cough咳嗽

drycough干咳

expectoration咳痰

expectorationofblood咳血

hemoptysis咳血

anoxia缺氧

apnea呼吸暂停，窒息

asthma气喘，哮喘

CheyneStokesrespiration切一斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸

dyspnea呼吸困难

hyperpneahyperventilation过度呼吸，换气过度

hypopnea呼吸不全，呼吸浅表

hypoxia低氧，缺氧

orthopnea端坐呼吸

respiratoryarrest呼吸停止

suffocation窒息

tachypnea呼吸急促

fetidbreath口臭

fruitybreath呼吸有水果味

arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齐

atelectasis肺不张，肺膨胀不全

cardiacarrest心搏骤停

cardiachypertrophy心脏肥大

cyanosis发绢,青紫

distensionofjugularvein颈静脉怒张

extrasystole期外收缩

galloprhythm奔马律

hemopleura血胸

hepatojugularreflux肝颈静脉回流

hypovolemia（循环）血容量减少

palpitation心悸

tachycardia心动过速

pneumothorax左U问

thrill震颤

absentbreathsounds呼吸音消失

dullsound浊音

hyperresonant鼓音

rale啰音

rhonchus,rhonchi鼾音,干啰音

wheeze哮鸣音

anorexia,lossofappetite食欲不振，厌食

dysphagia吞咽困难

eructation暧气

belching暧气

flatulence气胀

flatus肠胃气，屁

gaseousdistention胃胀气

hematemesis呕血

hiccough,hiccup打呃,呃逆

nausea恶心

pyrosis胃灼热

regurgitation反胃，回流

thirsty口渴

vomiting呕吐

analfissure,crackintheanalcanal肛裂

ascites腹水

board-likerigidityoftheabdomen板状腹

decreasedtactilefremitus触觉性震颤减弱

exophagealvarices食管静脉曲张

fistula痿，痿管

hemorrhoid痔

hernia疝

hepatomegaly肝肿大

intussusception肠套叠

jaundice黄疸

muscleguarding,defenceoftheabdominalwall腹壁肌I!

peristalsis蠕动

lossofperistalsis蠕动消失

massperistalsis总蠕动

retrograde(reversed)peristalsis逆蠕动

prolapse脱垂

prolapseofanus脱肛

rectalprolapse直肠脱垂，脱肛

volvulus肠扭转

calculus结石，石

biliarycalculus胆结石

vesicalcalculus膀胱结石

constipation便秘

defecation排便

diarrhea腹泻

incontinenceoffeces大便失禁

hematochezia便血

fecalimpaction大便嵌塞

occultblood潜血

painfulstrainingwithdefecation排便痛性牵动

claycoloredstools陶土色便

dark,granular/coffeegroundemesis咖啡样呕吐物

fecalvomiting,stercoraceousvomiting呕粪，吐粪

foulfattystools,steatorrhea恶臭脂肪便,脂肪痢

scantyandhardstools便少而硬

tarry(black)stools柏油样便

anuria无尿

burningsensationnourination排尿时的灼烧感

dysurea排尿困难，尿痛

enuresis,bedwetting遗尿

frequencyofurination尿频

micturation排尿

uresis,urination,voiding排尿

nocturia夜尿

oliguria少尿

polyuria多尿

tenesmus里急后重

vesicaltenesmus排尿时里急后重

uremiacoma尿毒症昏迷

urgencyofurination尿急

urinaryincontinence尿失禁

aciduria酸尿

chyluria乳糜尿

cylindruia管型尿

glycosuria糖尿

hematuria血尿

ketonuria酮尿

pneumatinuria气尿

proteinuria蛋白尿

pyuria脓尿

amenorrhea经闭，无月经

dysmenorrhea痛经

menorrhagia月经过多

lochia恶露

menorrhea行经，月经过多

menstruation月经

uterinecontraction子宫收缩

blotch斑点

bruise挫伤，青肿

acne座疮,粉刺

desquamation脱皮，脱屑

ecchymosis瘀斑

lossofskinturgor失去皮肤充盈

nevus痣

papule丘疹

petechia瘀点,瘀斑

pigmentation色素沉着

pustule脓疱

purpura紫癫

rednodule红结节

roseola玫瑰疹

scar伤疤

senileplaque老人斑

spideranaioma姝形痣

subcutaneousnodule皮下结节

urticaria等麻疹

vesicle小水疱

vitiligo白斑

blindness失明

blurredvision,visualdisturbance视力模糊

impairedvision视力下降

lacrimation流泪

papilledema视神经乳头水肿

photophobia畏光，羞明

retinaldetachment视网膜脱离

deafness笥

hearingloss听力丧失

tinnitus耳鸣

epistaxis,nasalbleeding鼻出血

impairedsmelling嗅觉障碍

nasaldischarge鼻涕

nasalobstruction鼻塞

sneeze喷嚏

snore打鼾

aphonia,lossofvoice失音症

hoarseness嘶哑

gumbleeding齿龈出血

herpeslabialis唇疱疹,感冒疮

Koplik'sspots科普利克斑

leadlineofthegum龈铅线

salivation,drooling流口水

straw-berrytongue草莓舌

tremuloustongue舌震颤

atrophy菱缩

contracture挛缩

deformity畸形，变形

dislocation脱位

fracture骨折

closed（simple）fracture无创骨折，单纯性骨折

comminutedfracture粉碎性骨折

compoundfracture哆开（开放性）骨折

knock-knee膝外翻

opisthotonos角弓反张

prosthesis假体

spasm痉挛

tetany（肌）强直，手足抽搦

wristdrop腕下垂

aphasia失语

ataxia共济失调

coma昏迷

consciousness知觉，意识

convulsion抽搐，惊厥

delirium澹妄

delusion妄想

faint昏厥

hallucination幻觉

hemiplegia偏瘫

increasedintracranialpressure颅内压增高

insanity精神错乱

lossoforientation定向丧失

mania躁狂

memorydefects,amnesia记忆缺损，遗忘症

paraplegia截瘫，下身麻痹

projectilevomiting喷射性呕吐

somnolence,(lethargy)昏睡，嗜睡

stupor木僵，昏呆

tetraplegia四肢瘫痪

unconsciousness失去知觉

yawning打哈欠

crisis危象

cerebral(febrile,hematic,hemolytic,hypertensive,thyrotoxic,...)crisis

脑(热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…)危象

failure衰竭，故障

central(circulatory,cardiac,myocardiac,peripheral,congestive,renal,respiratory)failure

中枢(循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…)衰竭

diagnosis诊断

auscultation听诊

inspection视诊

palpation触诊

percussion叩诊

laboratoryexamination实验室检查

physicalexamination体格检查

rectal(vaginal)touch直肠(阴道)指诊

impression印象

tentativediagnosis暂定诊断

differentialdiagnosis鉴别诊断

finaldiagnosis最后诊断

prognosis预后

prescription处方

incubation(latent)period潜伏期

prodromalstage前驱期

incipientstage初期

quiescentstage静il二期

alleviation减轻，缓和

remission缓解

attack发作

convalescence(recovery)stage恢复期

re