电气外文文献及翻译

Powersupplysystemofhigh-risebuildingdesign

Abstract:Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofcitysize,moreandmorehigh-risebuildings,therefore,high-risebuildingelectricaldesigntothedesignershadtoface.Inthispaper,anengineeringexample,describestheelectricaldesignofhigh-risebuildingsandsomeofthemoretypicalissuesofuniversalsignificance,combinedwiththeactualpracticeofanengineeringsolutiontotheproblemdescribed.

Keywords:high-risebuilding;electricaldesign;distribution;loadcalculation

1ProjectOverview

Thecommercialcomplexproject,withatotalconstructionareaof​​405570m2,onthegroundfloorareaof​​272330m2,undergroundconstructionareaof​​133240m2,themainheightof99m.Projectcomponentsare:twoofficebuildings,constructionareais70800m2,28layers,thestandardstoryis3.2m.

2LoadCalculation

1)Loadcharacteristics:electricload,muchlargerthanthe"nationalcivilengineeringtechnicalmeasures"Large120W/m2indicators,especiallyintheelectricityloadmorefood,anddifferenttypesoffoodandbeveragecateringdifferentculturalbackgroundsalsohigh.

2)theuncertaintyofalargeload,becausethecommercialrealestaterentsareoftenbasedonmarketdemand,andconstantlyadjustthenatureoftheshops,makingtheloadinthedynamicchanges.

3)Thereisnospecificationandtechnicalmeasuresinthedifferenttypesofcommercialprojectsrefertothedetailedparametersoftheshops,engineeringdesignloadcalculationinthelackofdata,inmostcasestorelyonstaffwithpreviousexperienceinengineeringdesigncalculations.

Loadtheselectionofparameters:fortheaboveproblems,theloadcalculation,thefirstdeveloperofsalesandgoodcommunication,todeterminetheformoflayersoftheformsandnatureoffloorarea,whichiscalculatedonthebasisofelectricalloadbasis;followedtodetermineparameterindexwithintheunitareaof​​shopsisalsoveryimportantandcomplexbecausethereisnoclearindicatorofthespecificationcanreferto;anddifferentlevelsofeconomicdevelopmentbetweencitiesisnotbalanced,powerindicesarealsodifferent;willbeinthesamecity,differentregionshavedifferentconsumergroups.

3)theneedtofactorinthechoice:parametersdetermined,theneedforloadcalculation.Needtofactorcommonlyusedmethod,thecalculationwillnotrepeatthem.Needtoexploreistheneedforcoefficientselection,whichinthecurrentspecifications,manualsandthe"unifiedtechnicalmeasures"isalsonotclearrequirements,basedonyearsofdesignexperiencethatmostendshopsinthedistributionorlevelwithinthehouseholddistributionboxwithcaseKxgenerallytakeawhile,inthecalculationofthelooproutetotake0.7to0.8,thedistributiontransformersinthesubstationcalculationstake0.4to0.6.

3substationsset

Loadcalculationbasedontheresultsofthisprojectthetotalinstalledcapacityoftransformer43400Kv.A,afterrepeatedconsultationswiththepowercompany,respectively,intheprojectinnorthern,centralandsouthernthreesectionssetthethreebuildingsintothreepowersubstations,1#set6sets2500Kv.Atransformersubstation,takethenorthernsectionofpowersupply;2#41600Kv.Atransformersubstationslocated,plus6sets2000Kv.Atransformers,takethemiddleofthepowersupply,inadditionto5Taiwan10Kv.Ahigh-pressurewaterchillers(total4000Kv.A);3#substationlocated2unitsplus2units1000Kv.A2000Kv.Atransformers,takethesouthernsectionofA,Btwoofficesupply.10Kvpowerconfigurationofthisprojectintotwopoints,eachatthetwo10Kvlines,thepowercompanyundertheprovisionsof10Kvpowercapacity:maximumloadperchannelisaboutto11000Kv.A,twoisthe22000Kv.A,design#1,3#combinationofasubstation10Kv,powerline,withatotalcapacityof21000Kv.A;2#substationtransformersand10Kv,10Kvchillerssharingapowerline,withatotalcapacityof22400Kv.A.Thedesignofthesubstationlayout,inadditiontomeetingregulatoryrequirements,italsoneedtoconsiderthehigh-pressurecabinets,transformersandlowvoltagepowersupplycabinetbyorderofarrangement,especiallyinlowvoltagedistributioncabinettofeedthecablesmoothandeasyinspectiondutyproblemsarenotseriouslyconsidertheconstructionofthecablecrossingwillcausemorelongdetour,awasteoffloorspace,andconvenientinspectionsandotherissues.

4smallfireloadpowersupply

Inthedesignoflargecommercialprojectsoftenencountersmallfireloadofelectricalequipmentandmoredisperseddistribution,iffedbyasubstation,asubstationwillbefedalotoflow-voltagelow-currentcountercircuitbreakingcapacitycircuitbreakerandconductorofthedynamicandthermalstabilityinacertainextent.AccordingtoGB50045-1995"fireprotectiondesignoftallbuildings,"rule"shouldbeusedinFireEquipmentdedicatedpowersupplycircuit,thepowerdistributionequipmentshallbeprovidedwithclearsigns."Interpretationoftheprovisionsofthepowersupplycircuitmeans"fromthelow-voltagemaindistributionroom(includingthedistributionofelectricalroom)tolastadistributionbox,andthegeneraldistributionlinesshouldbestrictlyseparated."Inthisdesign,theuseofmethodstoincreasethelevelofdistribution,thatisdifferentfromthesubstationbussegments,respectively,afirefedaspecialcircuit,setinplacetwodistributioncabinets,distributioncabinetsandthentheresultingradialallocatedtotheendofthedualpowertovoteeachbox,sothatnotonlymeetsthespecificationrequirementsfordedicatedpowersupplycircuit,butalsotoavoidfeedingthesubstationlevelofmanysmallcurrentloop.

5,thechoiceofcircuitbreakerandconductor

Commercialrealestateprojectsusetheroomastheuncertaintyinthechoiceofcircuitbreakersandconductorsmustbeconsideredinacertainmargintomeettheneedscausedbyadjustmentoftheloadchanges.Accordingtothischaracteristic,increaseduseinthedesignoftheplugbus-powered,notonlymeettherequirementsoflargecarryingcapacity,andalsoallowstheflexibilitytoincreasesupplyanddistribution,arereservedineachshaftintheplug-boxbackupinordertochange,accordingtochangesinupperandlowerload,toadjust.Forexample:abusisresponsibleforashaft1to3layersofpower,whenalayerduetothechangeincapacityincreases,whilethe3-layercapacityisreduced,youcanuseaspareplugboxlayeroffthe3-layer1layercapacityrationing.Thisleveldistributioninthesubstation,selectthecircuitbreakertochoosethesettingvaluewhenthecircuitbreakertoadjusttochangesattheendtoadjusttheloadsettingvalue;inthebusandthetransformercircuitbreakeraccordingtothechoiceofthegeneralframeworkofvalues​​toselect.Forexample:Routecertainequipmentcapacity530Kv,Kxtake0.7tocalculatecurrentof704A,selecttheframecircuitbreakeris1000A,tuningis800A;currenttransformerforthe1000/50;buscarryingcapacityforthe1000A,thisroadcanmeetthemaximum1000Acurrentloadrequirements,evenifthereisadjustment,powerdistributionswitchesandcircuitcannotmakebigchanges.

6layerdistributionboxset

Accordingtothedivisionoflayersoffireprotectiondistrict,respectivelynumberedasA~Klayerswithinthesetlevelshaftfortheretaillightingpowerdistributionbox,withoneononepowersupplyshopsinradialpower.Shouldbenotedthattheformsofthecomplexlayersoflayersoffirepartition,doesnotcorrespondtothelower,makingsomeofshaftpowerinchargeofthefiredistrictatthesametime,alsoresponsibleforthepowersupplyadjacenttothefiredistrict.Atdesigntime,usingtheprincipleofproximity,whilealsotakingintoaccounttheburdenofthewholetrunkloadconditions,sothateachshaftasfaraspossibleamorebalancedload.

7publicareadistributionboxset

Takingintoaccountthefutureneedsofthebusinessre-decorationofpublicareasmustbereservedforpower.Herethedesignneedstoconsiderthefollowingpoints:①questionofhowmuchreservepower,lightingandelectricity,whichaccordingtoGB50034-2004

"ArchitecturalLightingDesignStandards"tableofArticle6.1.3and6.1.8,commercialbuildinglightingpowerdensityvalue,high-endsupermarkets,businessofficesas20W/m2,underthe"decorativelightingincluded50%ofthetotallightingpowerdensitycalculation"requirements,usingthereservedstandard40W/m2.②Inordertofacilitatethedecorationineachpartitionsetfirelightinginpublicareasandemergencylightingdistributionboxdistributionbox,inordertoidentifytheelectricalpowerdistributiondecorationcut-offpoint.

③thestaircase,storageroomsandotherpartsofthedecorationdoesnotneedtodo,setthepowerdistributioncircuitoraseparatedistributionbox,trynottobereservedfromthepublicareaof​​electricitydistributionboardfedhardcoverout.

④controloflightinginpublicareas,themajorityintwoways,namely,C-BUScontrolsystemortheBAsystem,theuseofC-BUShastheadvantageofmoreflexiblecontrol,eachroadcanbefedoutofcontrol,adjustablelightcontrol;shortcomingsisahighercost.BAsystemcontroladvantagesofusinglowcost,simplecontrol;disadvantageisthattheexchangesandcontactsforthethree-phase,three-waycontrolmayberelatedbothtoopen,orboth,inthedecorationofthecontactsrequiredtofeedthepowersupplycircuitdivergetoavoidfailureblackouts.

Designofdistributionbox8

Inthecommercialrealestatedesign,shopdesignisoftenonlyameterbox,andoutletroutebacktotheneedsoftheuseraccordingtotheirseconddesign,buttheshopsaredifficulttoresolvewithinthepowersupplyfancoilunits,air-conditioningsystemasawholecannotdebug.Theprojectapproachistoaddacircuitbreakerinthemeterboxforthecoilpowersupply,anotherwayforuserstousetheseconddesign,asshownbelow.

Userdistributionboxdesign

9distributioncabinet/boxnumberanddistributioncircuits

Large-scaleprojectsareoftenlowvoltagedistributioncabinet/boxnumber,low-voltagecircuitstofeedthemoreoftentherewillbecabinet/boxnumberandlinenumberduplication,resultinginthedesignandthefuturelooksdifficultmaintenanceandoverhaul.Theprojecthasthree10Kvsubstations,20transformer,hundredsoflow-voltagefedoutofthecloset,fedthecircuitmore.AccordancewiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)andtheChinesenationalstandardrequirements:①Allthedistributionnumbertobesimpleandclear,nottooboxandlinenumbersarenotrepeated.②numbertosimpleandclear,nottoolong.③distinctionbetweennatureandtypeofload.④lawwaseasytofind,makeviewerataglance.Basedontheaboverequirementsandontheground,firedistrictandtheundergroundconstructionindustryformthedifferentconditions,usingtwoslightlydifferentways.Essentialfortheundergroundgarage,usesasinglecomparison,alsorelativelyfiredistrictneat,accordingtofiredistrictnumber,suchasAL-BL-1/1,APandAPE,themeaningofthelettersandnumbers:ALonbehalfoflightingdistribution(APonbehalfofPowerdistributionbox,APEonbehalfoftheemergencypowerdistributionbox);BIonbehalfofthebasement;1/1forpartition1,Ifirebox.Abovegroundismorecomplex,morefiredistrict,andonthefiredistrictdoesnotcorrespondtothelower,accordingtoshaftnumberisbetter,suchasAL-1-A1,AP,andAPE,lettersandnumbersmean:1representsalayer;A1onbehalfofA,No.1shaftfedadistributionbox.Fedalow-voltagecircuits,suchasthenumberofuses:W3-6-AL-1-A1,W3-6)indicatesthattheroutebacktopowersupplytransformer3,6,feedthepowerdistributioncabinet,AL-1-A1,saidthethenthefirstloopofthedistributionboxfortheAL-1-A1andsoon,andsoon.

10Conclusion

Withmoreandmorecomplexcommercialdesignprojects,designersneedtocontinuallyimprovethedesignlevel,designedtomakefine.Theseareonlybitsofthedesigninthebusinesslessonslearned,andthemajorityofdesignerswanttocommunicate

高层建筑供配电系统设计摘要：随着城市规模的不断发展，高层建筑越来越多，因此，高层建筑电气设计就成为设计者不得不面对的问题。本文结合工程实例，介绍了高层建筑电气设计中一些比较典型且具有普遍意义的问题，结合某工程的实际做法阐述了问题的解决方法。关键词：高层建筑；电气设计；配电；负荷计算1工程概况本项目商业综合大楼，总建筑面积为405570m2，地上建筑面积272330m2，地下建筑面积133240m2,主体高度99m。项目组成为：办公楼两座，建筑面积为70800m2，28层，标准层高为3.2m。2负荷计算1）负荷特点:用电负荷大,远大于《全国民用建筑工程设计术措施》中大120W/m2的指标,尤其是餐饮的用电负荷更大，而且不同类型、不同饮食文化背景的餐饮差别也很大。2）负荷的不确定性大，因为商业地产往往根据市场租的需求，不断调整商铺的性质，使得负荷在动态变化之中。3）目前的规范和技术措施没有对商业项目中不同类别商铺的参数指进行细化，工程设计中的负荷计算缺少据，大多数情况只能靠设计人员凭借以往工程经验进行计算。负荷参数的选择：针对以上遇到的问题，进行负荷计算时，首先与开发商销售部门进行良好的沟通，确定各层的业态形式商铺面积和性质，这是电气负荷计算的基础依据；其次确定商铺内单位面积参数指标也很重要且复杂，因为规范中没有明确的指标可以参考；而且不同城市间的经济发展水平不均衡，用电指标也不同；便在同一城市不同区域的消费群体也有差异。3）需要系数的选择：参数确定后，需要进行负荷计算。一般采用需要系数法，计算过程不再赘述。需要探讨的是需要系数的选择，这在现行规范、手册及《统一技术措施》中也没有明确的要求，根据多年的设计体会认为，在配电最末端商铺内户箱或层配电箱计算时Kx一般取1，在各回路干线计算时取0.7～0.8，在变电所各配电变压器计算时取0.4～0.6。3变电所设置根据负荷计算结果，本工程的变压器总安装容量为43400Kv.A，经与供电公司反复协商，分别在本工程的北、中和南三段设置3个变电所为三段建筑供电，1#变电所设6台2500Kv.A变压器,承担北段供电；2#变电所设4台1600Kv.A变压器,加6台2000Kv.A变压器,承担中段的供电，另外还有5台10Kv.A高压冷水机组（合计4000Kv.A）；3#变电所设2台2000Kv.A加2台1000Kv.A变压器，承担南段A、B两座办公楼供电。本工程配置两处10Kv电源引入点，每处为两路10Kv线路,根据供电公司对10Kv电源容量的规定：每路最大负荷为11000Kv.A左右，两路即为22000Kv.A，设计1#、3#变电所合用一处10Kv,电源进线，总容量为21000Kv.A；2#变电所内变压器和10Kv,冷水机组共用一处10Kv电源进线，总容量为22400Kv.A。在变电所平面布置的设计中，除了满足规范要求以外，还需要考虑高压柜、变压器和低压柜按供电顺序布置，尤其是低压配电柜馈出电缆的走向顺畅，值班人员巡视方便等问题如不认真考虑，会造成施工时电缆交叉多、绕远路、浪费建筑面积以及巡视不方便等问题。4较小消防负荷的供配电在大型商业项目设计中经常会遇到消防用电设备负荷较小且分布较分散，若均由变电所馈出，会使得变电所低压柜馈出很多小电流回路，对断路器分断能力和导体的动、热稳定带来一定的影响。根据GB50045-1995《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》规定“消防用电设备应采用专用的供电回路，其配电设备应设有明显标志”。对供电回路的条文解释系指“从低压总配电室（包括分配电室）至最末一级配电箱，与一般配电线路均应严格分开”。在本设计中，采用了增加一级配电的方法，即从变电所不同母线段上分别馈出一条消防专用回路，在适当位置设置两台配电柜，再由此配电柜放射式配至末端双电源互投箱，这样既满足了规范对专用供电回路的要求，又避免在变电所级馈出许多小电流回路。5断路器及导体的选择由于商业地产项目房间用途的不确定性，在选择断路器和导体时必须考虑一定的裕量以满足调整造成的负荷变化。根据这一特点，在设计中较多地使用了插接母线供电，既可以满足大载流量的要求，又使供配电灵活性加大，在每层竖井中均预留备用插接箱，以便在变化时，可根据上下层负荷的变化，进行调整。例如：某竖井一段母线负责1～3层供电，当1层由于变化容量增大，而3层容量减小时，就可使用1层的备用插接箱把3层富裕的容量配给1层使用。在变电所这级配电中，选择断路器时要选整定值可调整的断路器，以便在末端负荷变