牛津译林版必修第三册Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld1题型组合练课件

Unit4

Scientistswhochangedtheworld(1)ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅠ.阅读理解ATimothywasexhaustedforheworkedextendedhours.Althoughearningalowwageandhandlingill-manneredcustomers,healwaysputservingthosewhosatathistableswellonthefrontburnerofhismind.Hewentabouthisdailydutiescarefully,puttingonasmilingfaceascustomerscomplainedaboutthefoodorquestionedthebill.ⅠⅡⅢⅣUsuallyasnightdeepened,preparingtoclosethebusiness,hewouldnoticeacoupleofcustomerswalkin,sitdownandorderdrinks.Mostofthecrewhadleftbyclosingtime,butTimothystayedtoserve.Eventually,thelastroundwasorderedandhegavethemthebill.Theminimumtipwassuggestedonthereceipt.“Tomorrowwillbebetter,”hemurmured.Butluckwouldn’talwayssmileonhim.Eveningapproaching,agroupofteenagerssteppedin.Thankfully,theywerepoliteandrespectful.Theircheerfulbehaviorbegantoaffecthim.Asalways,hedidhisbesttomaketheirdiningexperienceapleasantone.ⅠⅡⅢⅣTimedraggedonandtheyfinishedtheirdrinks.Heplacedthebillonthetable,accompaniedwithsomecandies.Thegroupplacedtheirnotesonthereceiptandleftsmiling.Whenhereturnedtoclearthetable,hewasastonished.Atipof$3wassittingthere,staringathim,buttheirtotalbillamountedto$100.He’dgoneaboveandbeyondtoservethem.Howcouldtheybesorude?Laterthatweek,hebattledtobrushofftheawkwardmemories.Hearrivedatworkandexpectedittobelikeanyotherday,buttherewassomethingleftonthedeskforhim,atwohandwrittenletterfromtheteenagerswith$18attached,inwhichtheyexplainedtheywereunawareofhowtotipappropriatelyduetoitbeingtheirfirsttimeinthisbar.Everythingsuddenlymadesense.ⅠⅡⅢⅣTimothythumbedupwhattheydidwithabiggrinandhewassomovedbytheirgesturethatheuploadedapictureofthelettersharingtheiradmirableefforts.Thereactionwasmorethanpositive.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一群年轻人由于不了解小费文化,给了太多小费,让在餐厅工作的Timothy十分尴尬,还好最后年轻人认识到了自己的问题,写信解释了原因。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ1.WhatdidTimothyfocusoninhisjob?A.Gettingmoretips.B.Workinglongerhours.C.Providingbetterservice.D.Beinganicercolleague.√细节理解题。根据第一段中“Although

earning

a

low

wage

and

handling

ill-mannered

customers,he

always

put

serving

those

who

sat

at

his

tables

well...”可知,Timothy的工作重点是提供更好的服务。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2.Whatmadetheteenagersleaveatipof$3?A.Dissatisfactionwiththedrinks.B.Ignoranceofthetippingculture.C.GratefulnesstoTimothy.D.Misunderstandingofthebill.√细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“He

arrived

at

work

and

expected

it

to

be

like

any

other

day,but

there

was

something

left

on

the

desk

for

him,a

two

handwritten

letter

from

the

teenagers

with

$18

attached,in

which

they

explained

they

were

unaware

of

how

to

tip

appropriately

due

to

it

being

their

first

time

in

this

bar.”可知,这些青少年留下了3美元的小费是因为不了解小费文化。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTimothy?A.Patientandhumorous.B.Positiveanddevoted.C.Generousandtolerant.D.Ambitiousandcreative.√推理判断题。根据第一段以及最后一段内容可推知,Timothy是个积极、投入的人。故选B项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.Whatcanwelearnfromtheteenagers?A.Onegoodturndeservesanother.B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Apologiesmakeforharmony.D.It’sgoodtomakethingsright.√推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He

arrived

at

work

and

expected

it

to

be

like

any

other

day...they

were

unaware

of

how

to

tip

appropriately

due

to

it

being

their

first

time

in

this

bar.Everything

suddenly

made

sense.”可推知,年轻人告诉我们:把事情做对是件好事。ⅠⅡⅢⅣBIsawtheSwedishfilmadaptation(starredbyTobiasAlmborgeandAnna-LenaBrudin)ofFredrikBackman’sincrediblyfunny,heartbreakingnovel“AManCalledOve”.Towardtheendofthatfilm,whichwasbeautifullywrittenanddirectedbyHannesHolm,thereisasceneinwhichOve,awidower(鳏夫)inhis60s,takeshisneighboursoutforadrive.Astheyridetogether,thenormallyunfriendlyandsevereOvesighs,allowshimselfararesmileandsays:“Thisisliving.”Mostviewersprobablydidn’tgivethislittlecommentofOve’sasecondthought.Forme,though,itmarkedtheturningpointofOve’ssearchforrenewedpurposeinhislife.ⅠⅡⅢⅣInOve,Backmanhascreatedacharacterwhoattimescanbeunreasonable,stubbornandevendownrightrude—thesortofmanwhoseshockingandmorallyunacceptablereactionstoeverydaysituationsbecomethesubjectofcomicanecdotesthatareretoldcountlesstimesbyenemiesandfriendsalike.ⅠⅡⅢⅣManyofthepeopletellingthosestoriesdon’trealize,though,thatmuchofOve’sstrangebehaviourisactuallyasymptomofhisprivateheartache.

Widowed,livingaloneandrecentlypushedintoretirement,OveisstrugglingattheoutsetofBackman’sstorytofindsomethingworthlivingfor,andhisunwillingnesstosharewithotherswhatheisgoingthroughservesonlytofurtherseparatehimfromtheworld.Ove’ssituationremindsmeoftheisolationweallfeltduringthepandemic.Isawalongwitheveryoneelsehowquicklylonelinessandisolationcaninfluenceharmony,drivingpeopleapartatatimewhenweneedtoconnecttoothersthemost.ⅠⅡⅢⅣOveisjustgoingonadrivewithneighbourswhenhesays,“Thisisliving,”butIthinkheisfeelingthewaymanyofusdidwhenthepandemicbecamelessseriousandwebegantoreconnectwiththeworld.Inthatmoment,Ovehasstartedtofindhisnewpurposejustbyallowingothersbackintohislifeandcaringforthem.【语篇解读】本文是一篇影评。文章主要介绍作者对改编自弗雷德里克·巴克曼(Fredrik

Backman)非常的搞笑、令人心碎的小说《一个叫欧维的男人决定去死》的瑞典电影的评价。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ5.Whoisthescreenwriterof“AManCalledOve”?A.TobiasAlmborge.B.Anna-LenaBrudin.C.FredrikBackman.D.HannesHolm.√细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Toward

the

end

of

that

film,which

was

beautifully

written

and

directed

by

Hannes

Holm”可知,这部电影是汉内斯·霍姆(Hannes

Holm)写的。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ6.WhatcanweknowaboutOve?A.Hewasbornwithabadtemper.B.Heispopularwithpeoplearound.C.Hehasintegratedhimselfintosociety.D.Hesuffersfromsocialanxietydisorder.√细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In

that

moment,Ove

has

started

to

find

his

new

purpose

just

by

allowing

others

back

into

his

life

and

caring

for

them.”可知,欧维已经让他自己融入社会中。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ7.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Ove’spresentlivingsituation.B.Theinfluenceofthepandemic.C.ThereasonsbehindOve’sstrangebehaviour.D.Theimportanceofrelationshipwithothers.√主旨大意题。根据第四段可知,这一段主要讲述欧维的许多奇怪行为的原因。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ8.Whatisthistext?A.Adiaryentry.B.Amoviereview.C.Abookintroduction.D.Ashortstory.√推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段可知,这篇文章是电影评论。

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅡ.七选五Left-handedpeoplemakeuparound12%oftheglobalpopulation.OnereallyinterestingfactthatIpickedupwasfromascientistwhobelievedthatleft-handedpeopletendedtobemoreindependentasaresultofhavingtoadapttoaworldthatislargelybuiltforright-handedindividuals.

1

More

likely

to

have

allergies

and

sleep

disordersAstudyfoundthatleft-handedpeoplewere11timesmorelikelytosufferfromallergiesthanright-handedfolk.

2

ⅠⅡⅢⅣLeft-handed

people

use

the

right

side

of

the

brain

the

most

3

meaningthattherightsidecontrolstheleftsideofthebodyandtheotherwayaround.Hencethereisawell-knownsaying“onlyleft-handedpeopleareintheirrightminds”.Theright-handsideofthebrainisthoughttocontroltheleftsideofthebodyandtaskstodowiththeartsandcreativity.

Are

left-handed

people

smarter?

4

One2007study“Effectofhandednessonintelligencelevelofstudents”showsthatleftiesaremorelikelytohavehigherIQ.However,another2010study“Therelationshipbetweenhandpreference,handperformance,andgeneralcognitiveability”suggeststheexactopposite!

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ

5

Experimentsshowedthatwhengiventwotaskstocompletesimultaneously(同时),leftiesperformedbest.Thisisbecauseright-handedpeopletendtosolveproblemsbybreakingthemdownintopartsandanalyzingeachpieceoneatatime.Whileleft-handedpeopletendtolookattheproblemasawholeandusepattern-matchingtotryandsolveit.ⅠⅡⅢⅣA.BetteratmultitaskingB.Smarterthantheright-handedC.Asweknow,thebrainiscross-wired,D.Thisonevariesdependingonhowdatedyoursourceis!E.Hereareafewmorefascinatingleft-handedpeoplefacts!F.Mixed-handedchildrenaremorelikelytoexperiencelanguageissues.G.Andleftiesweretwoandahalftimesmorelikelytosufferfromsleepdisorders.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于左撇子的一些有趣的事情。1.E

根据上文可知,研究发现左撇子更独立,浏览下文可知接下来文章主要讲的是左撇子的一些有趣的事情,全文是总—分的结构,由此推知,空处承上启下。E项“Here

are

a

few

more

fascinating

left-handed

people

facts!”承接上文,引出下文,符合上下文语境。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2.G

根据本段标题“More

likely

to

have

allergies

and

sleep

disorders”可知,本段主要讲的是左撇子更容易过敏和有睡眠障碍。根据空前“A

study

found

that

left-handed

people

were

11

times

more

likely

to

suffer

from

allergies

than

right-handed

folk.”可知,此处讲的是左撇子更容易患过敏症,所以可以推断接下来应该讲的是睡眠障碍问题。G项“And

lefties

were

two

and

a

half

times

more

likely

to

suffer

from

sleep

disorders.”指出了左撇子更容易患有睡眠障碍,符合上下文语境。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ3.C

根据本段小标题“Left-handed

people

use

the

right

side

of

the

brain

the

most”可知,本段主要讲的是左撇子更多地使用右脑。根据空后“meaning

that

the

right

side

controls

the

left

side

of

the

body

and

the

other

way

around”可知此处是在对左右脑的交叉控制这一事实进行解释,所以空处应该指出大脑是交叉控制的这一事实。C项“As

we

know,the

brain

is

cross-wired,”符合上下文语境。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.D

根据本段小标题“Are

left-handed

people

smarter?”可知,本段主要围绕着左撇子是不是更聪明来展开。根据空后内容可知,关于左撇子的智商问题,不同日期的研究结果是不一样的。空处位于段首,应是对全段的概括,所以空处应该讲关于左撇子是不是更聪明这个问题的答案与消息来源的日期有关。D项“This

one

varies

depending

on

how

dated

your

source

is!”既回答了小标题的提问,同时也概括了全段,而且D项中的This

one指代小标题的问题,符合上下文语境。5.A

根据本部分内容可知,左撇子在解决问题时更倾向于整体解决问题。空处为本段小标题,所以空处应该讲的是左撇子的另外一个有趣的事实——更善于把问题看作一个整体来解决。A项“Better

at

multitasking”指出左撇子善于处理多项任务,符合上下文语境。故选A项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅢ.语法填空Thestonelioniscarvedoutofstone,1.

isthecommonornament(装饰物)intraditionalChinesearchitecture,suchastemples,bridges,gardensandsoon.Alionindicates2.

(safe)andluckinChina.

whichsafetyItissaidthatthelion3.

(introduce)intoChinaintheHanDynastyfromtheWesternRegion.InChineseculture,alionis4.

mythical(神话的)figureratherthanrealanimal.Afteritsintroduction,aliongraduallybecamethemascotoutsidethegate,forChinesepeoplethinkthatalioncandriveawaytheevilspirits.Anothersayingofwhypeopletakethestonelion5.

thegatekeeperisrelatedtothepronunciationofthestonelion(Shishi)inChinese.Stonesoundslike“Shi”inChinesewiththemeaningofsolid,andthesecond“Shi”6.

(refer)tolionsoundssimilarto“Si”whichmeans“tothinkabout”.

was

introducedaasreferringⅠⅡⅢⅣStonelionshavetheobviouslocal7.

(feature).ThelionsfromtheSouthare8.

(vivid)withmanysculpturesthanthelionsfromthenorthernChina.Thestonelioniscarved9.

(base)onakindofarchitecturalornamentfrequentlyusedasthebasefordecentbuildings.10.

(general),thelocationofthestonelionissettledwiththefemaleintherightsideandthemaletheleftaccordingtotraditionalChineseYinandYangphilosophy.

featuresmore

vividbasedGenerallyⅠⅡⅢⅣⅠⅡⅢⅣ【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国文化中的石狮。1.which

考查关系代词。句中先行词为stone

lion,在非限制性定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which引导。2.safety

考查词性转换。根据并列连词and后名词luck可知,用名词形式作宾语。故填safety。3.was

introduced

考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语in

the

Han

Dynasty可知,用一般过去时。主语the

lion为单数,与introduce之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was

introduced。4.a

考查冠词。名词figure为可数名词,泛指,且mythical发音为辅音音素开头,故填a。5.as

考查介词。take...as...把……当作……。故填as。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ6.refe