高考英语完形填空命题特点及解题策略省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖课件

完形填空1/63高考英语完形填空趋势从近几年全国高考完形填空来看，已经不再考评学生语法方面知识了，而是从语义搭配、结构搭配、惯用搭配及逻辑知识等方面来测试学生词汇掌握及利用。而且有些词选择，必须在了解整篇文章基础上，才能作出正确判断。2/63高考英语完形填空命题特点1.短文长度280词左右，生词少，难度适中。2.首句无空格，提供语境。5-10词设一空。人名、地名、日期、数字不在之列。隔词数越少，题目越难；反之亦然。3.选项多为一词，偶然为词组。四选项为同一类词或属同一范围，或近义或形异义，或与前后配成词组。故干扰性、迷性大。3/63高考英语完形填空命题特点4.考查单词以实词(v.,n.,adj.,adv,pron.)为主，虚词(conj.,prep.)为辅。实词普通占80%-90%，其中又以动、名、形为主。5.以考查学生对文章整体了解和词汇意义把握为主。有些要结合常识才能正确选项；有些甚至要求在通篇了解基础上，正确把握上下文逻辑关系，才能正确判断和选择。4/63

选项设置词汇类别百分比（江苏）：年份动词副词名词／代词形容词连词介词２００４７３４５１２００５５３５５２２００６８２６２１１２００７４２７４３5/63年考点分布以下：动词37，40，42，43，47，48，50，51，54，55名词36，38，39，41，44，45形容词46副词49连词53代词526/63语篇分析

完形填空是原版材料改编，尤其重视上下文逻辑推理能力。在20题当中，着重考查动词(10题)和名词(6题)。文章选项非常巧妙，除了要求对语境要有充分把握之外，对词汇比较也有很细致要求。如第41题，考查名词purpose

、decision、promise、goal在语境中辨析。46题较难，一定要了解Glennie这时实际上还没有成名，所以不可能有dissatisfied（不满意）、astonished（诧异）、discouraged（气馁）这些感觉。7/63学生主要问题1.不善于抓文章主旨，造成在了解上出现偏差，甚至于文章中心意思相悖。2.轻易受定势思维干扰。有些学生一看到自己比较熟悉语法结构、句子、短语，便不假思索地去选，忽略了对特定语境了解，最终造成思维定势错误。3.对完形填空怀有厌倦、恐惧心理，做题时往往处于疲于应付心态，解题能力得不到充分发挥。8/63完形填空解题策略1.充分利用首句作为解题突破口完形填空首句往往是完整，不设空。而首句又经常是全文中心句，所以，应充分重视完形填空首句，经过它大致把握全文大意和作者意图，利用它作为解题突破口。依据首句提醒，捕捉文中关键信息，通览全文，了解文章题材、体裁、结构、背景、内容大意、前因后果、情节发展、论点论据等基本信息。同时，能够对有些空格要填词做试探性猜测，为下一步选择最正确选项作好准备。9/63完形填空解题策略比如:Themanwasinragswhenhecameintothetailor’sshop.Theassistant__1___himandselectedhim__2___suitthattheyhad.Hesaidthathedidn’thaveanysmallchangeonhim.1.A.lookedforB.lookeddownuponC.lookeduptoD.lookedhereandthere2.A.themostexpensiveB.thenewestC.thecheapestD.thelargest10/63完形填空解题策略解析:文章一开头就出现了对人物描述“inrags”，这个描述就是文段关键词。开篇说到衣衫褴褛，后文又没有出现转折，由此，我们能够判断1空能够确定为B项；依然由他衣着，可推断售货员会挑最廉价衣服给他，故2空选C。11/63完形填空解题策略2.依据上下文逻辑意义确定答案文章是一个含有内在联络整体，而上下文则是营造语境基础，也是逻辑推理依据。通读全文，理顺大意，依据上下文找出信息词，是做好完形填空技巧之一。完形填空命题设计上正朝着深层化和语境化方向发展，逐步淡化单纯语言分析考查，而越来越侧重逻辑推理判断考查。词语在特定语境中所表示隐含信息大都无法从字面或一个或几个句子表面了解传达出来。这就大大增加了干扰项迷惑性，从而提升了试题难度。所以，要想处理这类题目，只有借助上下文乃至全文语境提醒。12/63完形填空解题策略比如:Manyoldpeopledon’thavegood_____.Theycan’twatchTVbuttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.A.hearingB.healthC.eyesightD.time解析:从“canlisten”可排除A,从“can’twatch”可知选C.13/63完形填空解题策略3.从词汇意义和使用方法方面考虑做好完形填空题须具备较大词汇量，并结合上下文确定词义。完形填空在命题过程中，淡化基础句型结构、语法规则和短语搭配，侧重词汇活用。应该加强对词合乎情景需求判断训练，加深对基本词汇感受能力和应用能力，提升解完形填空题技能。14/63完形填空解题策略比如:Ifhecontinuestosteal,heismost_____toendupinprison.A.possibleB.probablyC.likelyD.perhaps解析:此题主要是考查同义词使用方法，依据它们使用方法上差异，只能选C.15/63完形填空解题策略4.积累习惯使用方法和固定搭配完形填空题中考查习惯搭配和固定使用方法题目也占有一定比重，这就要求平时记忆和积累，做到脱口而出。这类题属于较轻易题，普通在初选时就能确定。16/63完形填空解题策略5.依据作者态度和观点作者写一篇文章必有他意图和目标，作者在表示情感时总是选择特定词汇，所以文章字里行间不可防止地渗透了作者情感。做完形填空时，应该留心捕捉作者情感信息。17/63完形填空解题策略比如:EllaFantwasamiddle-agedladywholivedwithheronlysonJohninasmallhouse.She__1___Johnverymuch.Inher_2____hecouldn’tdoanything_3____.Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfast__4___bedandbringhimthepapersto_5____.1.A.dependedonB.waitedonC.trustedD.loved2.A.hopeB.eyesC.headD.belief3.A.wrongB.greatC.goodD.strange4.A.toB.atC.inD.by5.A.checkB.readC.keepD.sign18/63完形填空解题策略解析:通读这段文字，了解到在作者看来，这位母亲对儿子十分溺爱，认为他不会做坏事。并用详细事例来说明这种溺爱:早晨把饭端到儿子床上，并拿报纸给他读。理清了这些，这几个空就很轻易选了。1.D2.B3.A4.C5.B19/63完形填空解题策略6.注意分析句子结构比如:___1__thewallet,foundinthestreet,beputintoapocket,_2____turnedovertothepoliceman?Shouldtheextrachargereceivedatthestorebeforgottenorreturned?1.A.ShouldB.MostC.WouldD.Need2A.andB.orC.thenD.but解析:两个句子一对比，很轻易发觉他们结构一致，于是选项也就明了了。1.A2.B20/63完形填空解题策略7.依据生活经验和常识有些空包括到我们应该具备常识，是否合乎情理是我们选择依据。比如:Immediately,theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedto_____hospital.A.animalB.biggestC.nearestD.plant解析:C.由“immediately”可知情况紧急，到最近医院当属情理之中了。21/63完形填空解题分类实例分析一.按词类分：

1.实词2.虚词3.词组

22/63完形填空解题分类实例分析二.按形式分：

1.单纯性选择

2.常识性选择

3.近义词选择

4.近形词选择

5.惯使用方法选择23/63完形填空解题分类实例分析

三.按句义选择四.按语义选择24/63按词类分：1.实词例1：Everyonewantstobehealthyandhappy.__1__,illnessoraccidentsmayoccurwithout__2__.1.a.Obviouslyb.Unfortunatelyc.Naturallyd.Occasionally2.a.reasonrmationc.warningd.notice25/63按词类分：1.实词例2:Overthelastfewyearsmanufacturershavebeen__1__reducingthesizeandweightofvideo-cassetterecorderstomaketheequipmentmore___2___.1.a.steadilyb.constantlyc.frequentlyd.essentially2.a.valuableb.portable(轻便)c.selectived.economical26/63按词类分：1.实词例3:About120,000people_1__tothecityeveryyear.Theycomeforthefew_2__jobs,whichareusuallynobetterthan__3__theyleft.1.a.changeb.arrivec.drived.move2.a.possibleb.popularc.available(可用)d.convenient3.a.oneb.theonec.onesd.theones27/63按词类分：2.虚词例4：__1_youhavechosenanarticletoread,youwillfindtheimportantgeneralinformation_2__thekeyfactsinthefirstfewparagraphs.1.a.Whileb.Oncec.Assoonasd.Whenever2.a.withb.byc.ford.at28/63按词类分：2.虚词例5:WhenIhavefreetime,Igo_1__alongwalk.SomepeoplereadbooksorwatchTV_2__othershavesports.1.a.tob.forc.ond.with2a.andb.butc.yetd.while29/63按词类分：2.虚词例6:Theaudiencewaited__1_silencewhiletheiragedspeakersearchedamonghisnotes_2__thefigureshecouldnotremember.1.a.forb.inc.atd.during2.a.forb.ofc.aboutd.on30/63按词类分：3.词组例7：Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming__1_.Sohe_2__intothatplace.1.a.afterallb.inallc.atalld.forall2.a.needn’tgob.needn’thavegonec.shouldn't’tgod.shouldn’thavegone31/63例8：(词组)We__1_aboutwhenmanfirstbegantousesalt,butwedoknowthatithasbeenusedinmanydifferentwaysthroughoutthehistory._2__,itisrecordedinmanybooksthatpeoplewholivedover3000yearsagoatesaltedfish.ThousandsofyearsagoinEgypt,salt__3__thedead.1.a.haveallknownb.havenoideac.haven’tanyideasd.haveanidea2.a.Forexampleb.Suchasc.Firstofalld.Aboveall3.a.usedtopreserveb.gotusedtopreservingc.usedtopreservingd.wasusedtopreserve32/63例9：(词组)TheEnglishlanguageservesabout250millionpeople,oraboutonetenthoftheworld’spopulation,asamothertongue,_1__,itismoreorlesscorrectlyusedby_2__100million,moreasasecondarylanguage,ranging__3__fromthePidginEnglish(混合语言)oftheIslandsofMelanesiatothealmostperfectspeechofculturedforeigners.1.a.Howeverb.Asaresultc.inadditiontod.Inaddition2.a.atleastb.atmostc.mostandleastd.morethanenough3.a.allthewayb.bythewayc.onthewayd.intheway33/63按形式分：1.单纯性选择例10：_1__methodshavebeenusedto_2_theintelligenceofeverychild----dull,bright,ornormal.1.a.Valuableb.Variousc.Uniqued.Unusual2.a.measureb.describec.illustrated.recognize34/63按形式分：1.单纯性选择例11：Thetouristpaid700poundsforthepainting,buthe_1__thathedidn’tknowits__2__worth.1.misedb.claimedc.admittedd.permitted2.a.practicalb.additionalc.adequated.actual35/63按形式分：1.单纯性选择例12：__1_,noonewashurtintheaccident,butsomepassengerssufferedfrom__2__.1.a.Obviouslyb.Surprisinglyc.Fortunatelyd.Unfortunately2.a.distressb.shockc.failured.trouble36/63按形式分：1.单纯性选择例13:Beingmuchtoofat,Stellawasadvisedto_1__herfoodforeachmeal,yet,shewouldhave__2_ofthat.1.a.relaxb.reducec.relieved.remove2.a.nob.notc.noned.nothing37/63按形式分：1.单纯性选择例14:Atanearlyagetheyouthwilldevelophis_1__,andthekindofhomelifehehaswillgreatly__2__thedevelopment.1.a.hobbyb.personalityelligenced.knowledge2.a.increaseb.enhance(增强)c.encouraged.influence(影响)38/63按形式分：2.常识性选择例15：EveryonehasseentheOlympicGamesatsometime---eitherinMontreal,Barcelona.andeveryoneknowsthat_1__startedtheGames.Butmostpeopledon’tknowtherealstory.1.a.Greeksb.Frenchc.Americansd.English39/63按形式分：2.常识性选择例16:Therearetwenty-sevenbridgesovertheThames.TowerBridge,thefirstbridgeovertheThamesasyoutraveltoward_1__fromthesea,isthemostfamousofthemall.1.a.Europeb.Americac.Londond.China40/63按形式分：2.常识性选择例17:OneofthemostfamousstatuesintheworldstandsonanislandinNewYorkHarbor.Thisstatueis,ofcourse,theStatueoflibertyTheStatueoflibertyisa(an)_1__whoholdsa__2_uphigh.1.a.manb.womanc.childd.old2.a.caneb.candlec.torchd.lamp41/63按形式分：2.近义词选择例18：Heusedtohavea_1__ofcoin-collection,buthehasgivenitup.1.a.customb.habitc.hobbyd.like42/63按形式分：2.近义词选择例19:Americanschoolchildrencanbeseeneveryday__whitesneakers,bluesneakers,blacksneakersandevenredones.1.a.puttingonb.havingonc.wearingd.dressing43/63按形式分：2.近义词选择例20:Thewoundedsoldierwasunconsciousbutstill__1__whentakentothehospital.1.a.livingb.alivec.lived.lively44/63按形式分：2.近义词选择例21:Whilesomepeoplethinkthatsugaristhebest__1__of__2__,othersbelievethatsugarisbadforhumanhealth.1.a.originb.sourcec.resourced.cause2.a.powerb.energyc.forced.strength45/63按形式分：2.近形词选择例23:$500,000,000isasmallamountofmoney__1__thesizeofthemarket.1.a.consideredb.considerationc.considerabled.considering46/63按形式分：2.近形词选择例24:It’swonderfulforthefactthattheChineseteamwonanunexpectedgold_1__inSydney,12morethanitspreviousbest.1.a.metalsb.medalsc.modelsd.modals47/63按形式分：2.惯使用方法选择例25:Itsuddenly__1__methatifwewanttogoonapicnictomorrowwehadbetterdosomepreparationsthisevening.1.a.hitonb.struckc.occurredd.drew48/63按形式分：2.惯使用方法选择例26:Safeoperationmeansthatboththeoperatorsandtheequipmentare__1___fromharm.1.a.keptb.freedc.preventedd.hidden49/63按形式分：2.惯使用方法选择例27:Wewerealmostexhaustedbeforewefinally__1__sightofthedilapidatedtemplewhichwassaidtobeoneoftheremains__2__backtothefifteencenturyB.C.1.a.heldb.caughtc.gotd.took2.a.datingb.tracedc.goingd.returned50/63按句义分：例29:Itwasaftermidnight,andIwasonmywayhome.Thefootstepsthat__1__methroughthedarkstreetintheEastEndofLondonwere_2__oftwoyoungmenwhowereobviously_3__nogood.1.a.stoopedb.pursued(追求)c.followedd.traced2.a.thoseb.thatc.onesd.one3.a.ofb.forc.uptod.onto51/63按句义分：例30:Nearlythree-quartersoftheearthiscovered__1__water.Waterheatsupmoreslowlythanland,_2__onceithasbecomewarmittakeslongertofall__3_.1.a.onb.withc.ind.by2.a.sob.andc.thend.but3.a.downb.upc.apartd.behind52/63按句义分：例31:Mrs.Whiteaddedlaughinglythat_1__shewassoyoungsheshouldhideherpacketinherpocketin_2__apolicemansawit._3__,thelittlegirldidnotseemtofindthisveryfunny.1.a.asb.forc.whiled.though2.a.consequenceb.timec.cased.fact3.a.Otherwiseb.Nevertheless(然而)c.Moreoverd.Therefore53/63按句义分：例32:Strangelyenough,Ioncetriedtogetsick.Ididn't’twearasweater__1_Ishould,andIwalkedintherain__2__mybootsandmyfeetgotsoaked._3__sofarnothingwronghashappened.1.a.whilevidedc.whend.though2.a.withb.inc.byd.without3.a.Butb.Thenc.Therefored.Yet

54/63按句义分：例33:Someparentsaregreatlyworried_1__theirchildrenfailtodowellintheirstudies.They_2__eithergeneticfactorsorlaziness,_3__theynevertakethesenon-intelligencefactorsinto__4__.1.a.aboutb.withc.whend.since2.a.blameplainc.confused.condemn3.a.neverthelessb.similarlyc.therefored.but4.a.figuresb.considerationc.grantedd.reflection55/63按句义分：例34:Acreditcardisa__1__ofidentification__2_whichtheownermayobtainconsumercreditforthe_3__ofgoodsorservices_4__thanpaycash.1.a.meanb.meansc.methodsd.ways2.a.byb.inc.throughd.with3.a.productionb.possessionc.purchaseperty4.a.betterb.morec.ratherd.right56/6