历年阅读真题精讲点评-吴耀武

IwiCCnotgiveyouafish6utteCCyouhowtofish…

全国富微考研英语导等锦程

讲

武

主

吴^

•7

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共同探讨英语人生

量身定做学习计划

紧紧把握考试脉搏

传授英语应试策略

奠定前好心理基础

培养进取人生忠度

吴耀武:著名英语教学与测试专家；西安外国语大学国际学院副院长（主持工作）；在

读博士；多次参加国家、省、市命题和阅卷工作。先后在西安外国语大学（XISU）、香港

岭南大学（HKLU）、上海外国语大学（SHISU）、陕西师范大学、美国洪堡州立大学（HSU）、

美国北亚历桑那大学（NAU）学习、工作和访问过，现已出版英语考研《考试专家》系列

丛书（西工大出版社）、《21世纪考研英语》系列丛书（人民日报出版社）、大学英语四六

级《考试专家》、《全攻略》系列丛书（西工大出版社）、英语专业四八级《TEM-4/8考试

指南》系列丛书（世界图书出版社）和高考英语《考试专家》系列丛书（西安外语音像

出版社）等30余部，逾1000万字。于2000年起在全国高校和各地中学作关于考研英语、

雅思（IELTS）、高考英语等巡回讲座，在各地均引起巨大轰动，讲座场场爆满。并受到新

浪、搜狐、中国考试网、都市快报、西安零距离、华商报、西安晚报、三秦都市报等多家

媒体的关注和专访。他在英语培训领域提出了自己独特的教学理念

——努力改进学习方法、量身定做学习计划；

——紧紧把握考试脉搏，传授英语应试策略；

——奠定良好心理基础，培养进取人生态度。

这一理念在课堂上得以贯彻并为广大学员所认可。现在吴老师每年在北京、上海、西

安、武汉、南京、石家庄、沈阳、天津、乌鲁木齐等20多所中心城市主讲考研英语、大

学英语四六级和高考英语，经他直接培训的学员已逾12万人，听众更是不计其数。学员

对他的评价是：

感情真挚，敬业专注；

才思敏捷，经典幽默；

传授知识如春风化雨，润物无声；

谈应试技巧如数家珍，挥洒自如；

他的语言总是富有人生哲理，他的课堂永远充满着欢笑从容；他传播的不仅仅是

英语知识，更是一种人生感悟！

注：西安外国语大学国际学院1+1留学硕士项目：英语教学硕士（TESL）、

英汉口译硕士（CEI）和工商管理硕士（MBA）项目班也已面向全国全国2012

届本科毕业生（本科专业不限，9月份开学），详请登录西安外国语大学国际

学院网站咨询电话：85319122

2

TodayI6eCieveThiswonderfullecturewiCCcompletelychangemyiife!

TodayIbelieveThataCCmyeffortswiffprodiicegenerousreturns!

TodayI6eReve--Cg磔EnglishwiCC6econqueredtfdstime!

专题1考研英语考什么？

2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试卷结构表

指

导

为考生提供题目计

部分节语测试要点题型答题卡种类

的信息数量分

语

言

I完形填空

1篇文章

英语知英词汇、语多项选择

（240-2802010

识运用语法和结构题（四选

词）

（10分）-）

理解具体

信息，掌

答题卡1

4篇文章握文章大多项选择

英（机器阅

A（共约1600意，猜测题（四选2040

语卷）

词）生词词义-）

并进行推

n阅读

断等

理解

1篇文章（共

（60分）英理解文章选择搭配

B约51()

语结构题

500-600词）

1篇文章（约

400词）英理解的准

C英译汉510

5处划线部分语确性

答题卡2

约150词）

（人工阅

英应用文（约

A规定情景书面表达110卷、机器登

语100词）

HI写作分）

主题句、写作短文写作

（30分）英

B提纲、规定情书面表达（160120

语

景、图、表等-200词）

总计50+2100

专题2我们对考研英语是怎样研究的?

历届考研英语写作命题与启示

考试年代考试题目遮遮

1991年WHERETOLIVE—INTHECITYORTHE环境

COUNTRY?

1992年FORABETTERUNDERSTANDINGBETWEEN人际关系

PARENTANDCHILD

1993年ADVERTISEMENTONTV传媒

1994年ONMAKINGFRIENDS人际关系

1995年THE"PROJECTHOPE"教育

1996年GOODHEALTH健康

1997年SOMKING健康

1998年BUSINESSPROMISE&GUARANTEE诚信

1999年HUMANPOPULATION&WILDLIFE环境

PROTECTION

2000年WORLDCOMMERCIALFISHING环境

2001年LOVE人际关系

2002年CULTURE—NATIONALANDINTERNATIONAL文化

2003年YOUTHDEVELOPIvIENT教育

2004年THEENDINGPOINTISALSOTHESTARTINGPOINT励志

2005年ALETTEROFRESIGNATION交际

WHOSHOULDTAKECAREOFOURPARENTS?教育

2006年ALETTEROFINQUIRY交际

ADMIRECRAZILY&INMITATEBLINDLY教育

2007年ALETTEROFCOMPLAINT交际

CONFIDENCE励志

2008年ALETTEROFAPOLOGY+SUGGESTION交际

MUTUALSUPPORT教育

2009年ALETTEROFSUGGESTION交际

INTERNETANDHUMANRELATION网络与人际关系

2010ANOTICEOFRECRUITMENT招聘通知

INTEGRATIONOFDIFFERENTCULTURES文化融合

4

历年阅读真题精讲点评

2003年

ReadingComprehension

Directions:Readthefollowingforetexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosing[A],[BJ,[CJor[D].MarkyouranswersonANAWERSHEET1.(40

points)

Passage1

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymaster

whobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtheroots

fortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatever

toolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage-spyingasa“profession.”

ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madepastimesasbuyingbooksand

sendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.

Thelastrevolutionisn'tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingother

gentlemen'se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.In

thepastthreeorfouryears,theworldwidewebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustry

ofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit“opensourceintelligence,andasthe

Netgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontestto

seewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,

wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpen-SourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantage

wasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthenewworldisStraitford,Inc.,

aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoney

bysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia.to

corporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofits

predictionsareavailableonlineatwww.straitfordcom.

StraiffordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindof

mutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,a

spymaster'sdream.Lastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefar

cornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine."Assoonasthatreportruns,

we'Hsuddenlyget500newinternetsign-upsfromUkraine,MsaysFriedman,a

formerpoliticalscienceprofessor."Andwe'Hhearbackfromsomeofthem.^^

Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotell

goodinformationfrombad.That'swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.

FriedmanreliesonaleanstaffinAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershave

military-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm'soutsiderstatusasthekeytoits

success.Straitford'sbriefsdon'tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,

wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.

Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.

1.TheemergenceoftheNethas___.

[A]receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan

[BJremoldedtheintelligenceservices

[C]restoredmanycommonpastimes

[D]revivedspyingasaprofession

2.Donovan'sstoryismentionedinthetextto____.

[A]introducethetopicofonlinespying

[BJshowhowhefoughtfortheU.S

[C]giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar

[DJhonorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA

3.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”(Line1,Para.3)mostprobably

means.

[A]causingthebiggesttrouble

[BJexertingthegreatesteffort

[C]achievingthegreatestsuccess

[D]enjoyingthewidestpopularity

4.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that・

[A]StraitforcfspredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue

[B]Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation

[C]Straitford?sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability

[D]Straitfbrdisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation

5.Straitfordismostproudofits___・

[A]officialstatus

[B]nonconformistimage

[C]efficientstaff

[DJmilitarybackground

Passage2

Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,uallthatisneededforthe

triumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.^^Onesuchcausenow

seekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverights

rulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrights

advocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreatening

advancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovement

targetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeople

understandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltyto

6

animalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberately

harmananimal.

Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothata

recentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouse

anythingthatopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefrom

animalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,ThenIwouldhavetosay

yes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don'tworry,

scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.^^Suchwell-meaningpeoplejust

don'sunderstand

Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,

understandableway-inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.We

needtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother'ship

replacement,afather'sbypassoperationababy'svaccinations,andevenapet's

shots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethese

treatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswasteful

atbestandcruelatworst.

Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt“middleschoolclassesandpresent

theirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lest

animalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceof

truth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimals

receivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,the

healthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-known

personalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsabout

thevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeople

donothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthe

preciousembersofmedicalprogress.

6.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke'swordsto.

[AJcallonscientiststotakesomeactions

[BJcriticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights

[C]warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch

[D]showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement

7.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis____・

[A]cruelbutnatural

[BJinhumanandunacceptable

[C]inevitablebutvicious

[D]pointlessandwasteful

8.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic's

[A]discontentwithanimalresearch

[BJignoranceaboutmedicalscience

[C]indifferencetoepidemics

[D]anxietyaboutanimalrights

9.Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrights,

advocates,scientists

should.

[AJcommunicatemorewiththepublic

[B]employhi-techmeansinresearch

[C]feelnoshamefortheircause

[D]strivetodevelopnewcures

10.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis.

[AJawell-knownhumanist

[BJamedicalpractitioner

[C]anenthusiastinanimalright

[D]asupporterofanimalresearch

Passage3

Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,merginginto

super-systems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,

thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedby

rails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrol

wellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.

Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowfor

substantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,

theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshippers

complainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,

chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethemby

thethroat.

Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersare

servedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers

20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingfbrthe

business.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealto

thefederalgovernment'sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,butthe

processisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.

Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegrounds

thatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone'scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthe

sameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucks

orotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomersto

shoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.It'stheorytowhichmanyeconomists

8

subscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdetermining

whichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail."Dowereallywantrailroadsto

bethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?^^asksMartin

Bercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.

Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehiswitharoundofhuge

rateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuning

fortunes,stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvestto

keepupwithitssurgingtrafficYetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquire

oneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionbidby

NorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conraifsnetrailway

operatingincomein1996wasjust$427million,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcosts

ofthetransaction.Who'sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippers

fearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.

11.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergersrailwaymonopolyisunlikely

because_____,

[A]costreductionisbasedoncompetition

[B]servicescallforcross-tradecoordination

[CJoutsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist

[D]shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat

12.Whatismanycaptiveshippers'attitudetowardstheconsolidationinthe

railindustry?,

[A]Indifferent

[B]Supportive

[C]Indignant

[D]Apprehensive

13.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that____・

[A]shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad

[B]therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide

[C]overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief

[DJagovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness

14.Theword”arbiters”(Line7,Para.4)mostprobablyreferstothose.

[A]whoworkascoordinators

[B]whofunctionasjudges

[CJwhosupervisetransactions

[D]whodeterminetheprice

15.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycaused

by•

[A]thecontinuingacquisition

[B]thegrowingtraffic

[C]thecheeringWallStreet

[D]theshrinkingmarket

Passage4

ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandin

CaliforniaoptionalSmallwonder.Americans,lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubled

overthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,

cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.Suchadvancesoffertheaging

populationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50years

ago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath-andourfailureto

confrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.

Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,

evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedical

consumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayers

fromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,

evenififsuseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.

Physicians-frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopein

thepatient-toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientifically

justified.

In1950,theU.S.spent.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbebillion.

Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.

Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystop

payingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage-say83orso.Former

ColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm

“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”,sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecan

realizetheirpotential.

Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60s

andbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSumner

Redstonejokinglyclaimstobe13.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO?Connoris

inher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upin

his80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecan

managethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,1

wishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.

Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Askaphysician,

Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.Ialso

knowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,

haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybe

over-fundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunder-fundingresearchonhumbler

therapiesthatcouldimprovepeople'slives.

10

16.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?.

[A]Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople

[B]Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore

[CJAmericansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology

[D]Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy

17.Theauthorusestheexampleofcanerpatientstoshowthat___.

[A]medicalresourcesareoftenwasted

[B]doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases

[C]sometreatmentsaretooaggressive

[DJmedicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable

18.Theauthor'sattitudetowardRichardLamm'sremarkisoneof___・

[AJstrongdisapproval

[B]reservedconsent

[C]slightcontempt

[D]enthusiasticsupport

19.IncontrastotheU.S.,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare

[AJmoreflexibly

[B]moreextravagantly

[C].morecautiously

[D]morereasonably

20.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat___.

[AJmedicinewillfurtherprolongpeople'slives

[B]lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving

fC]deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife

[D]excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcare

2004年

ReadingComprehension

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D]MarkyourmowersonANSWERSNEET1.(40

points)

Passage1

Huntingforajoblatelastyear,lawyerGantRedmonstumbledacross

CareerBuilder,ajobdatabaseontheInternet.Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwas

attractedbythesite's''personalsearchagent”.It'saninteractivefeaturethatlets

visitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocation,title,andsalary,thenE-mailsthemwhen

amatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.Redmonchosethekeywordslegal,

intellectualproperty,andWashington,D.C.Threeweekslaterhegothisfirst

notificationofanopening.<4Istruckgold/saysRedmon,whoE-mailedhisresume

totheemployerandwonapositionasin-housecounselforacompany.

Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternet,findingpromising

openingscanbetime-consumingandinefficient.Searchagentsreducetheneedfor

repeatedvisitstothedatabases.ButalthoughasearchagentworkedforRedmon,

careerexpertsseedrawbacks.Narrowingyourcriteria,forexample,maywork

againstyou:"Everytimeyouansweraquestionyoueliminateapossibility.^^Says

oneexpert.

Foranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconcept-whatyouthinkyou

wanttodo-thenbroadenit."Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,“saysanotherexpert.

“There'snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis.^^Instead,thebeststrategyisto

usetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;

whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain."Iwould

notrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmight

interestme；'saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide.

Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.WhenCareerSite9s

agentsendsoutmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsservice,forexample,it

includesonlythreepotentialjobs-thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.Theremay

bemorematchesinthedatabase;jobhunterswillhavetovisitthesiteagaintofind

the一andtheydo."Onthedayafterwesendourmessages,weseeasharpincrease

inourtraffic/saysSethPeets,vicepresidentofmarketingforCareerSite.

Eventhosewhoaren'thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.

Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgather

informationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.

Althoughhappilyemployed,RedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBuilder."You

alwayskeepyoureyesopen,^^hesays.Workingwithapersonalsearchagentmeans

havinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou.

1.HowdidRedmonfindhisjob?____.

[AJBysearchingopeningsinajobdatabase

[BJBypostingamatchingpositioninadatabase

[C]Byusingaspecialserviceofadatabase

[D]ByE-mailinghisresumetoadatabase

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofsearchagents?・

[A]Lackofcounseling

[BJLimitednumberofvisits

[C]Lowerefficiency

[D]Fewersuccessfulmatches

3.Theexpression“tipservice59(Line4,Para.3)mostprobablymeans・

[A]advisory

[BJcompensation

12

[C]interaction

[D]reminder

4.WhydoesCareerSite^agentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejob-options?

[AJTofocusonbetterjobmatches

[BJToattractmorereturningvisits

fC]Toreservespaceformoremessages

[D]Toincreasetherateofsuccess

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?____.

[A]Personalsearchagentsareindispensabletojob-hunters

[BJSomesiteskeepE-mailingjobseekerstotracetheirdemands

[C]Personalsearchagentsarealsohelpfultothosealreadyemployed

[D]Someagentsstopsendinginformationtopeopleoncetheyareemployed

Passage2

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeen

condemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.

This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscrimination

againstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantage

overZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.Lesswell

knownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman.English

namesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.Yetasuspiciously

largenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithB

andCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush'spredecessors(includinghisfather)had

surnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Even

morestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesare

alphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi).

Theworld'sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areall

closetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.

Asaret