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INDUSTRIES
&
MARKETSBankofEnglandCHAPTER
01OverviewLargestcentralbanksworldwidein2022,bytotalassets(intrillionU.S.dollars)Largestcentralbanksworldwide2022,bytotalassetsAssetsintrillionU.S.dollars0FederalReserveSystemPeople'sBankofChinaBankofJapan1234567898.576.045.35DeutscheBundesbankCentralBankoftheRussianFederation*BankofFrance3.112.732.03BankofItaly1.581.291.140.95BankofEngland**BankofSpainSwissNationalBank3Description:TheFederalReserveSystemwasthelargestcentralbankintheworldin2022,withtotalassetsexceeding8.57trillionU.S.dollars.TheFederalReserveSystemconsistsof12FederalReserveBanks,withtheFederalReserveBankofNewYorkholdingbyfarthehighestvalueofassets.People'sBankofChinarankedsecond,withtotalassetsworthroughlysixtrillionU.S.dollars.BankofJapanfollowed,with5.35trillionU.S.dollarsworthofassetsonitsbalancesheet.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;December2022Source(s):Varioussources(centralbanks)LargestcentralbanksinEuropein2022,bytotalassets(inbillioneuros)LargestcentralbanksinEurope2022,bytotalassetsAssetsinbillionU.S.dollars05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,500DeutscheBundesbankBankofFrance2,903.591,889.4BankofItaly1,476.6BankofEngland*1,223.581,066.15BankofSpainSwissNationalBankEuropeanCentralBankDeNederlandscheBank(DNB)NationalBankofBelgiumCentralBankofLuxembourg888.78680.14499.75337.97327.74Description:ThecentralbankofGermany,DeutscheBundesbank,stoodasthelargestcentralbankinEuropein2022.Itstotalassetsexceeded2.9trillioneurosbytheyear-end.BankofFrancesecuredthesecondposition,withtotalassetsworthroughly1.9trillioneuros.FollowingweretheBankofItalyandtheBankofEngland,with1.47trillionand1.22trillioneurosontheirbalancesheets,respectively.Onaglobalscale,onlytheDeutscheBundesbankrankedamongthefivelargestcentralbanks,[...]
ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;December2022Source(s):Varioussources(centralbanks)AssetdevelopmentofthefivelargestcentralbanksinEuropefrom2002to2022(intrillioneuros)AssetsofthefivelargestcentralbanksinEurope2002-2022DeutscheBundesbank3.5BankofFranceBankofItalyBankofEnglandBankofSpain3.02.52.01.51.00.50.02002
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20225Description:DespiteaslightdecreaseinthefinancialassetsonthebalancesheetofDeutscheBundesbank,itremainedthelargestcentralbankinEurope,withassetsworthroughly2.9trillioneurosin2022.BankofFrancefollowed,withtotalassetsworth1.89trillioneuros.BankofItalyrankedthird,butBankofEnglandandBankofSpainalsoreportedmorethanonetrillioneurosworthofassetsattheendof2022.ReadmoreNote(s):France,Germany,Italy,Spain,UnitedKingdom(England);2002to2022Source(s):FinancialStabilityBoard;Varioussources(centralbanks)OverviewofmainBankofEnglandfigures2024KeyfiguresoftheBankofEnglandin2024ValueReference
dateFeb'24Jan'24Centralbankbalancesheet(inmillionGBP)927856Foreignexchangereserves(inmillionGBP)Interestrate(%)185469.265.25Feb'24Jan'24Depositinterestrate(%)5Lendingrate(%)5.5Jan'24MoneysupplyM0(inmillionGBP)MoneysupplyM1(inmillionGBP)MoneysupplyM2(inmillionGBP)MoneysupplyM3(inmillionGBP)Bankingsectorbalancesheet(inmillionGBP)946222225315301419135243714383919Jan'24Dec'23Dec'23Dec'23Dec'236Description:Atthebeginningof2024,theBankofEnglandhadroughly927.8billionBritishpoundsworthofassetsontheirbalancesheet,outofwhichforeignexchangereservesamountedtoapproximately185billionBritishpounds.Thebaseratestoodat5.25percent,thedepositrate(oroperationaldepositfacility)atfivepercent,andthelendingrate(oroperationallendingfacility)at5.5percent.Thebaseratewassetat5.25percentinAugust2023,thehighestrateinthelastdecade.
ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;December2023toFebruary2024Source(s):TradingEconomicsTotalassetsoftheBankofEnglandfrom2006to2023(inbillionGBP)AnnualvalueofassetsonBankofEngland'sbalancesheet2006-20231,2001,00080060040020002006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220237Description:ThetotalassetsoftheBankofEnglandincreasedsignificantlybetween2006and2023,withparticularlysharpincreasesin2021and2022.ThiswasduetothequantitativeeasingthatwasinitiatedasaresponsetotheCOVID-19pandemic.In2023,thetotalassetsofthecentralbankdecreasedslightlybutremainedaboveonetrillionBritishpounds.InEurope,thelargestcentralbankintermsoftotalassetsistheDeutscheBundesbank,whichheldalmostthreetrillioneurosattheendof2022.[...]
ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2006to2023;AsofFebruaryeachyearSource(s):BankofEnglandNetoperatingincomeoftheBankofEnglandfrom2014to2023(inmillionGBP)AnnualnetincomeoftheBankofEngland2014-2023900800700804785775764767740634626569600500400300200100050620142015201620172018201920202021202220238Description:ThenetoperatingincomeoftheBankofEnglandreachedarecordhighin2023.InthecalendaryearbetweenMarch2022andFebruary2023,theBritishcentralbankreportedatotalnetoperatingincomeofroughly804millionBritishpounds,thehighestintheobservedperiod.Incomparison,thenetincomeoftheFederalReserveintheU.S.droppedbyalmost50percentinthesamecalendaryear.
ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2014to2023Source(s):BankofEnglandNetinterestincomeoftheBankofEnglandfrom2014to2023(inmillionGBP)AnnualnetinterestincomeoftheBankofEngland2014-20231201008098604029251616200151514131220142015201620172018201920202021202220239Description:ThenetinterestincomeoftheBankofEnglandwasexceptionallyhighin2023.Thecentralbankreportedatotalnetinterestincomeof98millionBritishpounds,morethanseventimeshigherthaninthepreviousyear.Thebank'stotalnetoperatingincomeincreasedaswell,butmuchlessdrasticallythantheinterestincome.Thesharpincreaseininterestincomeisattributabletotherisinginterestratesthroughout2022and2023.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2014to2023Source(s):BankofEnglandOperatingexpensesoftheBankofEnglandfrom2014to2023(inmillionGBP)AnnualoperatingexpensesoftheBankofEngland2014-20238007006007587117036476466395004123934003002001000371326201420152016201720182019202020212022202310Description:TheoperatingexpensesoftheBankofEnglandincreasedovertimebetween2014and2023,with2023witnessingthehighestexpensesduringtheobservedperiod.Thatyear,thetotaloperatingexpensesofthecentralbankamountedtoroughly758millionBritishpounds,47millionmorethaninthepreviousyear.Atthesametime,thenetoperatingincomeofthebankincreasedaswell,reachingitshighestvaluein2023.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2014to2023Source(s):BankofEnglandCHAPTER
02AssetholdingTotalassetsoftheBankofEnglandfrom3rdquarter2013to3rdquarter2022(inbillionGBP)QuarterlyvalueofassetsonBankofEngland'sbalancesheet2013-20231,2001,000800600400200012Description:ThevalueoftotalassetsheldbytheBankofEnglandincreasedsignificantlybetween2013and2022.Aparticularlysharpincreasetookplacein2020and2021,triggeredbythequantitativeeasingintroducedasaresponsetotheCOVID-19pandemic.ThetotalassetsoftheBankofEnglanddroppedin2022butremainedaboveonetrillionBritishpounds.Inthethirdquarterof2022,theBritishcentralbankheldroughly1.1trillionBritishpoundsworthofassets.InEurope,thelargestcentralbank[...]
ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;Q32013toQ32022Source(s):BankofEnglandBreakdownoftheBankofEngland'sbalancesheetasofQ32022,bytypeofasset(inmillionGBP)BankofEnglandtypesofassetsheld,accordingtobalancesheetQ32022Valueofassets0100,000
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1,000,000LoantoAssetPurchaseFacilityTFSMELoans859,260191,911Sterlingdenominatedbondholdings17,374Indexedlong-termrepo
3,067WaysandmeansadvancetotheNationalLoansFund
370Othersterlingassets
2,21413Description:LoanstotheAssetPurchaseFacility(APF)werebyfarthelargestassettypeonthebalancesheetoftheBankofEnglandinthethirdquarterof2022.TheAPFreferstoaprogramimplementedbytheBankofEnglandtobuyfinancialassets,typicallygovernmentbonds,asapartofitsmonetarypolicy.TheprimarygoaloftheAPFistoinfluenceeconomicconditionsbyadjustingtheamountofmoneyincirculationandtheinterestratesinthefinancialsystem.AsofSeptember2022,theamount[...]
ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;September30,2022Source(s):BankofEnglandTotalvalueofinternationalreserveassetsheldbytheBankofEnglandfrom1stquarter2014to3rdquarter2023(inbillionU.S.dollars)QuarterlyvalueofinternationalreserveassetsattheBankofEngland2014-202325020015010050014Description:ThetotalvalueofinternationalreserveassetsheldbytheBankofEnglandincreasedoverallbetween2014and2023,albeitwithfluctuations.AsofSeptember2023,theBankofEnglandheldroughly181.6billionU.S.dollarsworthofreserveassets,slightlylowerthaninthepreviousquarters.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;Q12014toQ32023Source(s):BankofEnglandLargestcentralbanksinEuropeasofMarch2023,byinternationalreserveassets(inbillionU.S.dollars)LargestcentralbanksinEurope2023,byinternationalreserveassetsReserveassetsinbillionU.S.dollars01002003004005006007008009008941,000SwissNationalBankCentralBankoftheRussianFederationDeutscheBundesbank594313Bancad'Italia239232BanquedeFranceBankofEngland173170NarodowyBankPolskiCzechNationalBank141117101TürkiyeCumhuriyetMerkezBankasDanmarksNationalbank15Description:AsofMarch2023,theSwissNationalBankledthelistofthelargestcentralbanksinEuropebasedoninternationalreserveassets.TheSwisscentralbankreported894billiondollarsworthofreserveassets,underscoringitseconomicstrengthandfinancialpositionintheregion.TheCentralBankoftheRussianFederationfollowed,with594billionU.S.dollarsonitsbalancesheet.Amongtheobservedcentralbanks,DenmarksNationalbankhadtheleastamountofinternationalreserve[...]ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;March2023Source(s):OfficialMonetaryandFinancialInstitutionsForum;Varioussources(InternationalFinancialStatistics,nationalcentralbanks,internationalorganizations)TotalamountsoutstandingofinternationalgoldreservesintheUnitedKingdom(UK)fromJanuary2014toJuly2023(inmillionU.S.dollars)MonthlyvalueofoutstandinggoldreservesintheUK2014-202321,50019,50017,50015,50013,50011,5009,500Jan
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'2316Description:ThisstatisticillustratesthetotalamountsoutstandingofinternationalgoldreservesintheUnitedKingdom(UK)fromJanuary2014toJuly2023.Itcanbeseenthatthetotalamountsofgoldreservesfluctuatedoverallduringthisperiodoftime,reachingavalueofover19billionU.S.dollarsasofJuly2023.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;January2014toJuly2023Source(s):BankofEnglandTotalamountsoutstandingsofBankofEnglandsterling-denominatedbondholdingsfrom1stquarter2014to3rdquarter2022(inmillionGBP)QuarterlyvalueofoutstandingofBankofEnglandsterlingbondholdings2014-202220,00018,00016,00014,00012,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,000017Description:Afteraperiodofstagnationbetween2014and2018,thevalueofcentralbankbondholdingsintheUnitedKingdomincreasedsharplybetween2018and2022.Inthethirdquarterof2022,thetotaloutstandingamountsoftheBankofEngland'ssterling-denominatedbondholdingsamountedtoroughly17.4billionBritishpounds.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;Q32013toQ32022Source(s):BankofEnglandTotalamountsoutstandingofBankofEnglandsterlingindexedlong-termrepo(ILTR)from1stquarter2014to3rdquarter2022(inmillionGBP)QuarterlyvalueofBankofEnglandsterlingindexedlong-termrepo2014-202235,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,000018Description:ThetotaloutstandingamountsoftheBankofEngland'ssterling-indexedlong-termrepo(ILTR)operationfluctuatedsignificantlybetween2014and2022.Inthethirdquarterof2022,ILTRamountedtoroughlythreebillionBritishpounds.ILTRisaregularmarket-wideoperationandapartoftheBankofEngland'sliquidityframework.Itallowsmarketparticipantstoborrowcentralbankreserves(cash)forasix-monthperiodinexchangeforother,lessliquidassets(collateral).
ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;Q12014toQ32022Source(s):BankofEnglandCHAPTER
03OpenmarketoperationsCentralbankinterestrateintheUnitedKingdom(UK)fromJanuary2012toNovember2023MonthlybankrateintheUK2012-20236.0%5.0%4.0%3.0%2.0%1.0%0.0%20Description:TheofficialbankbaseinterestrateintheUnitedKingdomwasraisedfivetimesin2022inresponsetoinflation.InabidtominimizetheeconomiceffectsoftheCOVID-19pandemic,theBankofEnglandcuttheofficialbankbaserateinMarch2020toarecordlowof0.1percent.ThishistoriclowcamejustoneweekaftertheBankofEnglandcutratesfrom0.75percentto0.25percentinabidtopreventmassjobcutsintheUnitedKingdom.Itremainedat0.1percentuntilDecember2021and[...]
ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;January2012
toAugust2023Source(s):BankofEnglandAverageinflationrateandcentralbankinterestrateintheUnitedKingdomfromJanuary2018toDecember2023MonthlyinflationrateandcentralbankinterestrateintheUK2018-2023InflationrateCentralbankinterestrate12.0%10.0%8.0%6.0%4.0%2.0%0.0%21Description:TheinflationrateforconsumerpricesintheUnitedKingdomexhibitedsignificantfluctuationsbetweenJanuary2018andDecember2023,showinganoveralldecreasingtrendin2023.ThelowestinflationratewasrecordedinAugust2020at0.5percent,whilethehighestoccurredinOctober2022at9.6percent.InDecember2023,theinflationratestoodat4.2percent,thelowestsinceMarch2022.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;January2018toDecember2023Source(s):BankofEngland;OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)OperationallendingfacilityrateoftheBankofEnglandfrom1stquarter2014to3rdquarter2023MonthlyoperationallendingfacilityrateoftheBankofEngland2014-20236.0%5.0%4.0%3.0%2.0%1.0%0.0%22Description:TheoperationallendingfacilityoftheBankofEnglandincreasednotablyin2022and2023,afteryearsofmarginalchangesintherate.AsofNovember2023,theoperationallendingfacilitystoodat5.5percent,thehighestintheobservedperiod.Theoperationallendingfacilityconsistsofanovernightlendingtransactioncollateralizedagainsthigh-quality,highlyliquidassets.TheBankofEnglandappliesa25basispointpremiumabovethebankrateforthisfacility.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;January2014toDecember2023Source(s):BankofEnglandOperationaldepositfacilityrateoftheBankofEnglandfromJanuary2014toDecember2023MonthlyoperationaldepositfacilityrateoftheBankofEngland2014-20235.5%4.5%3.5%2.5%1.5%0.5%-0.5%23Description:TheoperationaldepositfacilityoftheBankofEnglandincreasednotablyin2022and2023,afteryearsofmarginalchangesintherate.AsofNovember2023,theoperationallendingfacilitystoodatfivepercent,thehighestintheobservedperiod.Theoperationalstandingdepositfacilityconsistsofanovernightdeposittransaction.Thiscurrentlyreturns25basispointsbelowthebankrate.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;January2014toDecember2023;NotseasonallyadjustedSource(s):BankofEnglandCHAPTER
04MoneysupplyValueofM1moneystockintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2000to2022(inbillionGBP)ValueofM1moneysupplyintheUK2000-20223,0002,5002,0001,5001,00050002000
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202225Description:TheM1moneysupplyintheUnitedKingdomincreasedrapidlybetween2000and2022,withaparticularlysharpincreasein2020asaresultofthequantitativeeasinginresponsetotheCOVID-19pandemic.Thoughtherisingtendencycontinuedbetween2021and2022,itnoticeablydecelerated,with2022seeingtheslowestincreasesince2011.ByDecember2022,thetotalUKmoneysupplyreached2.38trillionBritishpounds.
ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2000to2022;asofDecembereachyearSource(s):BankofEnglandValueofM2moneystockintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2000to2022(inbillionGBP)ValueofM2moneysupplyintheUK2000-20223,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,00050002000
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202226Description:TheM2moneysupplyintheUnitedKingdomincreasedrapidlybetween2000and2022,withaparticularlysharpincreasein2020asaresultofthequantitativeeasinginresponsetotheCOVID-19pandemic.Therisingtendencycontinuedbetween2021to2022,andbyDecember2022,theM2moneysupplyintheUKexceededthreetrillionBritishpounds.The"intermediatemoney"isthesumofM1(currencyincirculationandovernightdeposits),depositswithmaturityofmaximumtwo[...]ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2000to2022;asofDecembereachyearSource(s):BankofEnglandValueofM3moneystockintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2000to2022(inbillionGBP)ValueofM3moneysupplyintheUK2000-20224,0003,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,00050002000
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202227Description:TheM3moneysupplyintheUnitedKingdomincreasedrapidlybetween2000and2022,withaparticularlysharpincreasein2020asaresultofthequantitativeeasinginresponsetotheCOVID-19pandemic.Therisingtendencycontinuedbetween2021and2022,andbyDecember2022,theM3moneysupplyintheUKexceeded3.5trillionBritishpounds.M3,calledthe"broadmoney",isthesumofM1(currencyincirculationandovernightdeposits),M2(M1plusdepositswithmaturityof[...]
ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2000to2022;asofDecembereachyearSource(s):BankofEnglandShareofcurrencyincirculation(CIC)tothenominalGDPoftheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2012to2022Annualcurrencyincirculation(CIC)toGDPratiooftheUK2012-20224.5%4.0%4.05%3.84%3.71%3.61%3.53%3.48%3.5%3.43%3.38%3.4%3.4%3.5%3.0%2.5%2.0%1.5%1.0%0.5%0.0%2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202228Description:CoinsandbanknotesnotheldbybanksintheUnitedKingdommadeupslightlymorethanthreepercentofGDPin2021,apercentagethatonlyincreasedin2020.Thisso-calledCIC/GDPratioroughlymeasurestheuseofcashinthecountry.Duetotheanonymityofcashtransactions,sourcesstruggletofindexactvolumesonthis.Theratiomentionedhereisquitepopularinthatregard,asthedataitneedsisrelativelyeasytofind.Someindustryexpertsmention,however,thatthisratiois[...]
ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2012to2022;Nofigureswereavailablefrombefore2012Source(s):BankforInternationalSettlements;WorldBankValueofoutstandingnotesandcoinsincirculationinUnitedKingdom(UK)fromJanuary2014toJune2023(inmillionGBP)OutstandingvalueofnotesandcoinincirculationintheUK2014-2023100,00095,00090,00085,00080,00075,00070,00065,00060,000Jan
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'2329Description:AsofJune2023,thevalueofoutstandingnotesandcoinsincirculationintheUnitedKingdomreachedalmost95billionBritishpounds.Thiswasanincreaseofalmost10billionBritishpoundsascomparedtoJune2020.Whenbrokendownbydenomination,thetwenty-poundnoteaccountedforthehighestshareofnotesincirculation.Twenty-poundnotesalsohadthehighestvolumeofbanknotesincirculationin2023.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;January2014toJune2023Source(s):BankofEnglandTotalvalueofalldenominationbanknotesincirculationintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2014to2023(inmillionGBP)BanknotesincirculationintheUKfrom2014to2023,bydenominations£5£10£20£5090,00080,00070,00060,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,0000201420152016201720182019202020212022202330Description:Beforethebanknotesentercirculation,theymustpasstheproductiontests,relatedtothequalityofnotesandsecurityofthemoney.Manyfactorsinfluencethelengthoftimeabanknotestaysincirculation,includingtheoveralldurability,butalsonon-alteredsignalsinautomatedauthentication,forsecurity.Thelifespanofnotescanalsovaryfordifferentdenominations,assomearemorefrequentlyusedinmakingpayments.Ifabanknotenolongermeetsqualitystandards,itneedstobe[...]
ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2014to2023Source(s):BankofEnglandTotalnumberofcounterfeitBankofEnglandbanknotesremovedfromcirculationintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2005to2022(in1,000s)CounterfeitbanknotesremovedfromcirculationintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2005-20228007467057057006005004003002001000572504479481453440389
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