英美国家概况课后题及答案

第页共页英美国家概况课后题及答案Chapter21.TheBritishhistorybefore55BCisbasicallyundocumented.(T)2.TheCeltsbecamethedominantgroupinBritainbetweenthe8thand5thcenturiesBC.(T)3.ThenameofBritaincamefromaCeltictribetheBritons.(T)4.TheAnglo--SaxonscametoBritaininthemid--5thcentury.(T)5.ThechieforkingoftheAnglo--Saxontribesexercisedpowerattheirownwill.(F)6.TheVikingsbegantoattacktheEnglishcoastinthe8thcentury.(T)7.HenryIIbuiltupalargeempirewhichincludedEnglandandmostofFrance.(T)8.TheMagnaCartawasdesignedtoprotecttherightsofboththeprivilegedclassandthetownspeople.(F)9.TheHundredYears'WarwasaseriesofwarsfoughtbetweenEnglandandNormansfoetradeandterritory.(F)10.Inanefforttomakeapromisebetweendifferentreligiousfactions,QueenElizabethIactuallydefendedthefruitoftheReligiousReformation.(T)1.TheDattackonRomeendedtheRomanoccupationinBritainin410.A.NormanB.DanishC.CelticD.Germanic2.Bythelate7thcentury,DbecamethedominantreligioninEngland.A.CelticChristianityB.Anglo-SaxonChristianityC.GermanicChristianityD.RomanChristianity3.WestminsterAbbeywasbuiltatthetimeofB.A.St.AugustineB.EdwardtheConfessorC.WilliamtheConquerorD.AlfredtheGreat4.TheCmarkedtheestablishmentoffeudalisminEngland.A.VikinginvasionB.signingoftheMagnaCartaC.NormanConquestD.Adoptionofmonlaw5.TheendoftheWarsoftheRosesledtotheruleofC.A.theHouseofValoisB.theHouseofYorkC.theHouseofTudorD.theHouseofLancaster6.ThedirectcausefortheReligiousReformationwasKingHenryVIII’sefforttoA.A.divorcehiswifeB.breakwithRomeC.supporttheProtestantsD.declarehissupremepoweroverthechurch7.TheEnglishCivilWarbrokeoutin1642betweenB.A.ProtestantsandPuritansB.RoyalistsandParliamentariansC.noblesandpeasantsD.aristocratsandChristians8.AwaspassedaftertheGloriousRevolution.A.BillofRightsB.ActofSupremacyC.ProvisionsofOxfordD.MagnaCarta9.TheIndustrialRevolutionwasacplishedinBritainbythemiddleoftheCcentury.A.17thB.18thC.19thD.20th10.BritainfacedstrongchallengesinitsglobalimperialdominancebythebeginningoftheDcentury.A.17thB.18thC.19thD.20thChapter31.ConventionsareregardedlessimportantthanmonlawintheworkingoftheBritishgovernment.(F)2.TheBritishmonarchyhasneverbeeninterruptedthroughoutthehistory.(F)3.Inreality,theBritishKingorQueenisthesourceofallgovernmentpowers.(F)4.BritishParliamentisthelaw--makingbodyofthemonwealthofNations.(F)5.LordsSpiritualandLordsTemporalareallmembersintheBritishUpperHouse.(T)6.ThemembersintheHouseofmonsareappointedratherthanelected.(F)7.TheBritishPrimeMinisteristheleaderofthemajoritypartyinParliament.(T)8.CabimembersarechosenbythePrimeMinisterfromvariouspoliticalpartiesinParliament.(F)9.Britishlawconsistsoftwoparts,thecivillawandthecriminallaw.(T)10.ThelegalsystemsinEngland,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIrelandaremuchsimilarintermsoflaw,organizationandpractice.(F)1.TheBritishgovernmentischaracterizedbyadivisionofpowersbetweenthreeofthefollowingbrancheswiththeexceptionoftheC.A.judiciaryB.legislatureC.monarchyD.executive2.TheimportanceoftheBritishmonarchycanbeseeninitseffectonD.A.passingthebillsB.advisingthegovernmentC.politicalpartiesD.publicattitude3.Asarevisingchamber,theHouseofLordsisexpectedtoBtheHouseofmons.A.rivalB.plementC.criticizeD.inspect4.BritishCabiworksontheprincipleofA.A.collectiveresponsibilityB.individualresponsibilityC.defendingthecollectivismD.defendingtheindividuals5.ThemaindutyoftheBritishPrivyCouncilistoB.A.makedecisionsB.giveadviceC.passbillsD.supervisetheCabi6.InBritain,theparliamentarygeneralelectionisheldeveryCyears.A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.six7.ChasadistinctlegalsystembasedonRomanlaw.A.WalesB.EnglandC.ScotlandD.NorthernIreland8.Generallyspeaking,theBritishParliamentoperatesonaBsystem.A.single-partyB.two-partyC.three-partyD.multi-party9.ThepoliciesoftheConservativePartyarecharacterizedbypragmatismandD.A.governmentinterventionB.nationalizationofenterprisesC.socialreformD.abeliefinindividualism10.TheLaborPartyaffectedtheBritishsocietygreatlyinthatitA.A.setuptheNationalHealthServiceB.improvedpublictransportationC.abolishedtheoldtaxsystemD.enhancedtheeconomicdevelopmentChapter41.Britainwasthefirstindustrializednationintheworld.(T)2.TheBritisheconomyexperiencedarelativedeclineduringthepostwarperiod.(T)3.LimitedresourcesandhighunemploymentratewerepersistentproblemsthatpreventedrapideconomicdevelopmentinBritain.(F)4.Thatcher'srevolutionturnedouttobeagreatsuccessindealingwithalltheBritisheconimicandsocialproblems.(F)5.TheeconomicapproachadoptedbyTonyBlairisdifferentfromthatoftheLaborpartyandtheConservativeParty.(T)6.BlairmadetheBankofEnglandindependentinordertoseparatepoliticsandeconomicpolicy.(T)7.Britainistheworld'sleadingexporterofpoultryanddairyproducts.(F)8.Thefishingindustryprovidesmorethan50%ofBritain'sdemandforfish.(T)9.Britainisanimportantoilexportersinceitsoilindustryhasalonghistory.(F)10.NuclearpowerisoneofthemajorenergysourcesinBritain.(T)1.TheBritisheconomyachievedglobaldominancebytheC.A.1860sB.1870sC.1880sD.1890s2.InB,theBritishParliamentpassedtwoimportantactstoestablishawelfarestate.A.1945B.1946C.1947D.19483.TheAintheearly1970sworsenedanalreadystagnanteconomyinBritain.A.oilcrisisB.highinflationratesC.largeimportsD.unemploymentproblem4.Ofthefollowingpractices,CdoesnotbelongtoThatcher’ssocialwelfarereform.A.reducingchildbenefitsB.shorteningtheunemploymentbenefitsperiodC.reducingtheunemploymentD.loweringoldagepensions5.TheBlairgovernmenthasbeensuccessfulinallthefollowingaspectsexceptD.A.limitinggovernmentspendingB.keepinginflationundercontrolC.reducingunemploymentD.reducinginequality6.BritainhasdevotedCofitslandareatoagriculture.A.54%B.64%C.74%D.84%7.Britain’simportantfishingareasincludeallthefollowingexceptD.A.theNorthSeaB.theEnglishChannelC.TheseaareaaroundIrelandD.TheseaareabetweenBritainandIreland8.CoalminingindustryinBritainprovidesBoftheenergyconsumedinthecountry.A.1/3B.1/4C.1/5D.2/39.ThecarindustryinBritaininmostlyA.A.foreign-ownedB.state-ownedC.joint-ventureD.privately-owned10.OfthefollowingsectorsinBritain,ChasexperiencedspectaculargrowthsincetheendofWordWarII.A.AgricultureB.energyindustryC.serviceindustryD.manufacturingindustryChapter51.TheBritishgovernmenthasbeenresponsibleforeducationsincetheearly1800s.(F)2.EducationinBritainispulsoryforallchildrenbetweentheagesof6and15.(F)3.TheNationalCurriculumispulsoryinboththestatesystemandtheindependentsystem.(F)4.Whenchildrenfinishtheirschoolingat16,theyarerequiredtotakeanationalGCSEexamination.(T)5.GraduatesfromstateschoolsinBritainhavealessfavorablechancetoenterfamousuniversitiesthanthosefromindependentschools.(T)6.Inthe1960s,alargenumberofnewuniversitieswerefoundedinBritain.(T)7.MostBritishpeoplebegintheirdaywithreadingthemorningnewspaperandenditwatchingtelevisionintheevening.(T)8.TheTimesistheworld'soldestnationalnewspaper(F)9.TheBBCWorldServicebroadcastsonlyinEnglishthroughouttheworld.(F)10.SomeBritishholidaysarecelebratedtomarktheimportanteventsoftheChristiancalendar,andothersarerelatedtolocalcustomsandtraditions.(T)1.InBritain,thedivisionbetweengrammarschoolsandvocationalschoolswereendedbytheintroductionofprehensiveschoolsintheD.A.1930sB.1940sC.1950sD.1960s2.AboutBofBritishchildrenreceiveprimaryandsecondaryeducationthroughtheindependentsystem.A.5%B.6%C.7%D.8%3.Partiallyfundedbycentralgovernmentgrants,theBritishuniversitiesreceivetheirremainingfundsfromallthefollowingsourcesexceptB.A.tuitionfeesB.loansC.donationsD.corporatecontributions4.Ofthefollowing,AisNOTabasisofadmissiontoBritain’suniversities.A.resultinnationalentrancetestB.A-levelresultC.aninterviewD.schoolreferences5.TobeadmittedtotheOpenUniversity,oneneedB.A.someeducationalqualificationsB.noeducationalqualificationsC.GeneralCertificateofEducation-AdvancedD.GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications6.AmongBritain’squalitypress,thefollowingnewspapersareregardedasthe“BigThree”withtheexceptionofC.A.TheTimesB.TheGuardianC.TheObserverD.TheDailyTelegraph7.LifeonEarthisakindofCprogramproducedbytheBBCandispopularamong500millionviewersworldwide.A.featureB.dramaC.documentaryD.soapopera8.DisBritain’stoppaytelevisionprovider.A.BSBB.SkyTVC.BBCD.BSkyB9.Ofthefollowing,DisNOTamonfeatureofalltheBritishholidays.A.familiesgettingtogetherB.friendsexchanginggoodwishesC.friendsenjoyingeachother’spanyD.familiestravelingoverseas10.ThefollowingChristmastraditionsareparticularlyBritishexceptA.A.TroopingtheColorB.Queen’sChristmasmessageC.BoxingDayD.ChristmaspantomimeChapter91.AmericawasnamedafterAmerigoVespucci,whoarrivedonthenewcontinentafterColumbus.(T)2.ThesecondContinentalCongresswasheldinPhiladelphia,andtheContinentalArmyandNavywerefoundedunderthemandofThomasJefferson.(F)3.TheCivilWarnotonlyputanendtoslavery,butalsodecidedthatAmericawasasingle,indivisiblenation.(T)4.ManyAmericanpeopleapprovedoftheVietnamWar.(F)5.DuringClinton'sterm,theeconomydevelopedsteadily,resultinginalowerrateofunemployment.(T)6.In1990,AmericantroopsandthetroopsfromalliednationslaunchedOperationDesertStor