2022-2023学年浙江省杭州市高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1浙江省杭州市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题第一部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABuildingwith3Dprintingtechnologyissparkingwidespreadinterestintheconstructionindustry.Besidesreducingwasteandourimpactontheenvironment,itcanspeedupconstructionfromweeks,ormonths,todays.Toseehowthetechnologycanchangetheworldaroundus,herearesomeprojectsthathighlightboldideasin3Dprintbuilding.InstantNeighborhoodCommunitybuildingtakesonnewmeaningwiththecreationofaneighborhoodof3DprintedhomesinTabasco,Mexico,aimedattacklingglobalhomelessness.Americannon-profitNewStoryandtechcompanyICONbuilteachconcretehousefromstarttocompletionin24hours.NewStorysaysitsaimistoprovideshelterforpeoplewithouthomesaroundtheworld.NestedHousingShamballaistheideaofItalian3DprintconstructioncompanyWASP.Thisprojectusessoilandstrawtobuildahomeindaysthatcostonly48Eurosinmaterialsandenergy.Itsrounddesignsarebasedonthewasp(黄蜂)nest.Eachhomefeaturesalaboratorywithadesktop3Dprinterformakingfurniture,artisticobjectsandmore.ThinkSchoolsAfricanislandstateMadagascarishostingoneoftheworld’smostforward-thinkingschoolbuildingprojects.Non-profitThinkingHutsisusing3Dprinttechnologytoprovideschoolswherechildrenhavelittleornoaccesstoeducation.Schoolsarebuiltusinglocalmaterialsandlowcarbonconcreteinunderaweek.ConcreteStepsResearchersattheSwissUniversityETHZurichusedconcrete3Dprintingtobuildthe16metrelongcurvedStriatusfootbridgeinacoupleofdays.Theprojectused500layersofconcreteand53hollowblocks,heldinplacebycompression(压缩).Thisreducesmaterialsbyupto70percent,andtheentirebridgecanbepulleddownandrecycled.1.WhatcouldbetheinspirationbehindthedesignofNestedHousing?A.Afeaturedlaboratory. B.Aforward-thinkingschool.C.Aroundwaspnest. D.Alongstonebridge.2.Which3Dconstructionprojectcanbetorndownandreused?A.InstantNeighborhood. B.ConcreteSteps.C.ThinkSchool. D.NestedHousing.3.Whatdothesefour3Dbuildingprojectshaveincommon?A.Theyuselocalmaterials. B.Theymakeconstructionfaster.C.Theyareaffordabletothehomeless. D.Theyarehighincost.〖答案〗1.C2.B3.B【导语】本文是一篇应用文。列举了四个使用了3D打印技术的建筑。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Itsrounddesignsarebasedonthewasp(黄蜂)nest.(它的圆形设计是基于黄蜂的巢)”可知，巢式住宅的设计灵感是圆形的黄蜂的巢。故选C。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据末段首句“ResearchersattheSwissUniversityETHZurichusedconcrete3Dprintingtobuildthe16metrelongcurvedStriatusfootbridgeinacoupleofdays.(瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院的研究人员使用混凝土3D打印技术在几天内建造了这座16米长的弯曲Striatus人行桥)”以及末句“Thisreducesmaterialsbyupto70percent,andtheentirebridgecanbepulleddownandrecycled.(这减少了高达70%的材料，整个桥梁可以被拆除和回收)”可知，ConcreteSteps的3D建筑项目可以拆除并重复使用。故选B。【3题详析】细节理解题。通读全文，尤其根据首段前两句“Buildingwith3Dprintingtechnologyissparkingwidespreadinterestintheconstructionindustry.Besidesreducingwasteandourimpactontheenvironment,itcanspeedupconstructionfromweeks,ormonths,todays.(使用3D打印技术的建筑引起了建筑行业的广泛兴趣。除了减少浪费和对环境的影响外，它还可以将施工时间从几周、几个月缩短到几天)”可知，本段是中心段。本文主要介绍使用3D打印技术的建筑，而他们的共同点是建筑工期变短，即修建得更快。故选B。BWhenawomanstruckupaconversationwithanOntariohomelessman,shedidn’timagineitwouldchangehislifeforever.AfteritbecameclearthatBrianBannisterwasakindsoulwhohadsimplyfallenonhardtimes,DanielleMacDuffofferedhimajobonherfarm.Bannisterwaslivinginashelterafteraterriblychallenginglifethatinvolvedchildabuse,overcomingaddiction,andthedeathofhisfirstwife,followedbythedeathofhissecond.Hesaidhehadgivenup,butMacDuff’soffercheeredupthemanandbroughtthefarmapairofhandsthatarediligentatworkandgentlewithMacDuff’schildrenandheranimals.“Itastonishedme.ItjustcamefromtheheartwithherandI’vegottothankhereveryday,”BannistertoldCTVNewsTorontowithtearsinhiseyes,whoaddedheusedtodofarmworkabout40yearsago.EverydayhegetsaridetothefarmwherehehelpsMacDuf’sfamilycarefor200animalsincludinggoats,cows,andhorses.ThefriendshipthatgrewovertimebetweenthetwoledMacDufftosetupaGoFundMetohelpBriangetbackonhisfeet,whichraisednearlyCAD$10,000andwasabletohelphimgethisfirstshaveandahaircutintwoyearsaswellasanewphone.MacDuffalsohelpedorganizesomeprovincialfinancialsupportforBannister.MacDuffsaid,“Ifwecouldgeteveryoneoffthestreetideallythatwouldbemyonewish,butittakesalotofpeopletocometogetherandthatiswhathashappenedforBrian.Ithinkthat’swhywe’vecomesofarinsuchashorttime.”4.WhatsufferingdidBannistergothroughbeforehemetMacDuff?A.Brokenmarriage. B.Painfulchildhood.C.life-threateningillness. D.Unpaidfarmwork.5.HowdidMacduffhelpBannisteratfirst?A.Sheofferedhimaccommodation. B.Shedonatedmoneytohim.C.Shegavehimajobonherfarm. D.Shehelpedhimstartafamily.6.WhywastheGoFundMelaunched?A.ToprovideBannisterfinancialsupport. B.Tocollectforhismedicaltreatments.C.Tomakethebestoftheprovincialpolicy. D.Toraisemoneyforacellphone.7.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A.Amancanbedefeatedbutcan’tbedestroyed. B.Wherethere’sawill,there’saway.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Manyhandsmakelightwork.〖答案〗4.B5.C6.A7.D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。尼斯特经历了悲惨的前半生，在麦克杜夫的帮助下得到了一份在农场的工作，并且受到了很多人的帮助和捐赠。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Bannisterwaslivinginashelterafteraterriblychallenginglifethatinvolvedchildabuse,overcomingaddiction,andthedeathofhisfirstwife,followedbythedeathofhissecond.(班尼斯特经历了一段充满挑战的生活，包括虐待儿童，克服毒瘾，第一任妻子和第二任妻子相继去世，之后他住在一个避难所)”可知，班尼斯特经历了痛苦的童年，毒瘾，妻子逝世。故选B。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“AfteritbecameclearthatBrianBannisterwasakindsoulwhohadsimplyfallenonhardtimes,DanielleMacDuffofferedhimajobonherfarm.(在得知布莱恩·班尼斯特是一个陷入困境的善良的人之后，丹妮尔·麦克杜夫在她的农场给了他一份工作)”可知，麦克杜夫给班尼斯特在农场工作的职业。故选C。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“ThefriendshipthatgrewovertimebetweenthetwoledMacDufftosetupaGoFundMetohelpBriangetbackonhisfeet,whichraisednearlyCAD$10,000andwasabletohelphimgethisfirstshaveandahaircutintwoyearsaswellasanewphone.(随着时间的推移，两人之间的友谊不断加深，麦克杜夫建立了一个GoFundMe网站，帮助布莱恩重新站起来，筹集了近1万加元，并帮助他在两年内第一次刮胡子和理发，以及买了一部新手机)”可知，麦克杜夫建立网站是为了提供经济上的支持给布莱恩，让他重新站起来。故选A。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据末段“MacDuffsaid,“Ifwecouldgeteveryoneoffthestreetideallythatwouldbemyonewish,butittakesalotofpeopletocometogetherandthatiswhathashappenedforBrian.Ithinkthat’swhywe’vecomesofarinsuchashorttime.”(麦克杜夫说：“如果我们能让所有人都离开街头，这是我的一个理想愿望，但这需要很多人齐心协力，这就是布莱恩的遭遇。我认为这就是为什么我们在这么短的时间内取得了这么大的进展。”)”可知，很多人齐心协力帮助，在短时间内取得了很大的进展，阐释了众人拾柴火焰高的道理。故选D。CAKenyancitizenhasbeenselectedasoneofthewinnersofaninternationalawardforpioneeringgrass-rootseffortstoprotecticonic(标志性的)wildlifespeciesattheAmboseliNationalPark,whichbordersTanzania.DanielLeturesh,agrass-rootswildlifeconservationist(环保主义者),wontheawardfromtheInternationalFundforAnimalWelfare(IFAW)thankstohisthreedecadesofprotectingthenaturalhabitatsoficonicspecieslikeelephantsandrhinoceros.Letureshhasactivelyengagedcommunitiestopreservewildlifehabitatsoverthepastthreedecades.“Conservationishardwork,therearemanychallengesIhavefacedtowinspaceforanimals.EvennowweareinaperiodofdroughtbutIamhappywehavemanagedtoget40percentofpubliclandforwildlifeintheAmboseliregion,”LetureshsaidinastatementreleasedbyIFAWinNairobi,theKenyancapital.AccordingtoIFAW,LetureshhasbeenengaginglocalcommunitiestopreservetheirlandsandallowthefreemovementofwildlifeintheAmboseliecosystem.Inaddition,Letureshhassecured26,000acresforwildlifehabitationbypersuading2,600landownerstorentouttheirlandthroughinternationalandlocalconservationgroups.Thankstohiscontinuingefforts,therehasnotbeenharmfuldevelopmentofwildlifespreadinghabitatswithintheAmboseliecosystem,saidIFAW.OtherachievementsincludetheestablishmentofKitendenConservancywhichconnectsAmboseliandWestKilimanjarowildlifeshelters,addedIFAW.Herepresentedalocalcommunitythatsignedanagreementthatwillseelandownersbenefitfromannualrentandecotourismincome,accordingtoIFAW.JamesSawyer,theUKdirectorforIFAW,saidthatLeturesh’sdevotiontopreservinghisnativelandsforwildlifepavedthewayforiconicspeciestoboomunderthreatslikehabitatlossandclimatechange.SawyeraddedthatLeturesh’swildlifeconservationmodelwillhelpstopthedecreaseoficonicspeciesthatarekeytosustaining(维持)rurallivelihoodsthroughtourism.8.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Adiaryentry. C.Abiography. D.Asciencearticle.9.WhathaveLeturesh’seffortsbroughttothelocalcommunities?A.TheNationalParkhasattractedmorevisitors.B.Thepopulationofthelocalwildlifeisbooming.C.Thelocalwildlifelivinghabitatshavebeenwellprotected.D.Thelandshavebeenkeptundisturbed.10.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeLeturesh?A.Devotedandambitious. B.Toughandcautious.C.Cooperativeandeasy-going. D.Honestanddetermined.11.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AmboseliSucceedsinPreservingIconicWildlifeSpeciesB.LocalCommunitiesMakeGreatContributionstoWildlifeProtectionC.Leturesh’sModelSetsaGoodExampleforVillagersD.KenyanConservationistWinsAwardforWildlifeProtection〖答案〗8.A9.C10.A11.D【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了肯尼亚公民DanielLeturesh被选为一项国际奖项的获奖者之一，介绍了他为保护野生动物所付出的努力以及人们对他的看法。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“AKenyancitizenhasbeenselectedasoneofthewinnersofaninternationalawardforpioneeringgrass-rootseffortstoprotecticonic(标志性的)wildlifespeciesattheAmboseliNationalPark,whichbordersTanzania.(一名肯尼亚公民被选为一项国际奖项的获奖者之一，以表彰他在与坦桑尼亚接壤的安博塞利国家公园为保护标志性野生动物物种所做的开拓性基层努力)”可推知，文章是一篇新闻报道。故选A。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“EvennowweareinaperiodofdroughtbutIamhappywehavemanagedtoget40percentofpubliclandforwildlifeintheAmboseliregion(即使现在我们正处于干旱时期，但我很高兴我们已经设法为安博塞利地区的野生动物争取到了40%的公共土地)”可知，Leturesh的努力让当地的野生动物栖息地得到了很好的保护。故选C。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“AccordingtoIFAW,LetureshhasbeenengaginglocalcommunitiestopreservetheirlandsandallowthefreemovementofwildlifeintheAmboseliecosystem.Inaddition,Letureshhassecured26,000acresforwildlifehabitationbypersuading2,600landownerstorentouttheirlandthroughinternationalandlocalconservationgroups.Thankstohiscontinuingefforts,therehasnotbeenharmfuldevelopmentofwildlifespreadinghabitatswithintheAmboseliecosystem,saidIFAW.OtherachievementsincludetheestablishmentofKitendenConservancywhichconnectsAmboseliandWestKilimanjarowildlifeshelters,addedIFAW.Herepresentedalocalcommunitythatsignedanagreementthatwillseelandownersbenefitfromannualrentandecotourismincome,accordingtoIFAW.(据IFAW称，Leturesh一直在与当地社区合作，保护他们的土地，并允许野生动物在安博塞利生态系统中自由活动。此外，Leturesh还说服2600名土地所有者通过国际和当地的保护组织出租他们的土地，从而获得了26000英亩的野生动物栖息地。IFAW表示，由于他的持续努力，安博塞利生态系统内没有出现野生动物栖息地扩张的有害发展。IFAW补充说，其他成就包括建立了连接安博塞利和西乞力马扎罗山野生动物收容所的Kitenden保护协会。据IFAW称，他代表当地社区签署了一项协议，该协议将使土地所有者从年租金和生态旅游收入中受益)”以及最后一段“JamesSawyer,theUKdirectorforIFAW,saidthatLeturesh’sdevotiontopreservinghisnativelandsforwildlifepavedthewayforiconicspeciestoboomunderthreatslikehabitatlossandclimatechange.(IFAW的英国主管JamesSawyer说，Leturesh致力于为野生动物保护自己的家园，为标志性物种在栖息地丧失和气候变化等威胁下的繁荣铺平了道路)”可推知，Leturesh有奉献精神且有抱负。故选A。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“AKenyancitizenhasbeenselectedasoneofthewinnersofaninternationalawardforpioneeringgrass-rootseffortstoprotecticonic(标志性的)wildlifespeciesattheAmboseliNationalPark,whichbordersTanzania.DanielLeturesh,agrass-rootswildlifeconservationist(环保主义者),wontheawardfromtheInternationalFundforAnimalWelfare(IFAW)thankstohisthreedecadesofprotectingthenaturalhabitatsoficonicspecieslikeelephantsandrhinoceros.(一名肯尼亚公民被选为一项国际奖项的获奖者之一，以表彰他在与坦桑尼亚接壤的安博塞利国家公园为保护标志性野生动物物种所做的开拓性基层努力。环保主义者DanielLeturesh因30年来保护大象和犀牛等标志性物种的自然栖息地而获得了国际爱护动物基金会（IFAW）颁发的奖项)”结合文章主要说明了肯尼亚公民DanielLeturesh被选为一项国际奖项的获奖者之一，介绍了他为保护野生动物所付出的努力以及人们对他的看法。故D选项“肯尼亚自然保护主义者获得野生动物保护奖”最符合文章标题。故选D。DScientistsoftheUniversityofAntwerpandUniversityofLiegehavefoundhowthehumanbrainchangesandadaptstoweightlessness,afterbeinginspacefor6months.AchildwholearnsnottodropaglassonthefloorisanexampleofhowthebrainfollowsthephysicallawsofgravitytobestfunctiononEarth.Astronautswhogotospacestationliveinaweightlessenvironment,wherethebrain’srulesaboutgravityarenolongerapplicable.Anewstudyonbrainfunctioninastronautshasfoundhowthebrain’sorganizationischangedafterasix-monthmissiontotheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).TheUniversityofAntwerphasbeenleadingthisBRAIN-DTIscientificprojectthroughtheEuropeanSpaceAgency.Magneticresonanceimaging(MRI)(磁共振成像)dataweretakenfrom14astronauts’brainsbeforeandseveraltimesaftertheirmissiontospace.UsingaspecialMRItechnique,theresearcherscollectedtheastronauts’braindatainarestingcondition.IncooperationwiththeUniversityofLiege,recentanalysesofthebrain’sactivityatrestfoundhowfunctionalconnectivity,amarkerofhowactivityinsomebrainareasisconnectedwiththeactivityinothers,changesinspecificregions.“Wefoundthatconnectivitywasalteredafterspaceflightinregionswhichsupportthecombinationofdifferenttypesofinformation,ratherthandealingwithonlyonetypeeachtime,”sayStevenJillingsandFlorisWuyts.“Moreover,wefoundthatsomeofthesechangedcommunicationpatternsremainedthroughout8monthsofbeingbackonEarth.Atthesametime,somebrainchangesreturnedtothelevelofhowtheareaswerefunctioningbeforethespacemission.”Theresearchersareexcitedwiththeresults,thoughtheyknowitisonlythefirststepinpursuingourunderstandingofbraincommunicationchangesafterspacetravel.Forexample,weneedtounderstandwhetherlongertimespentinouterspacemightinfluencetheseobservations,andwhetherbraincharacteristicsmaybehelpfulinselectingfutureastronautsormonitoringthemduringandafterspacetravel.12.Howdoestheauthorexplainthechangesinthehumanbrain?A.Bycollectingthedata. B.Bydoingasurvey.C.Byintroducinganewconcept. D.Bygivinganexample.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altered”inparagraph4mean?A.Strengthened. B.Shortened. C.Changed D.Established.14.Whatistheresearchers’attitudetowardstheirfuturestudy?A.Doubtful. B.Uncertain. C.Worried. D.Hopeful.15.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Theadaptationofthebrainisamustforspacetravel.B.Spacetravelinfluencesthewaythebrainworks.C.Thechangesofthebrainmayaffectspacetravel.D.Spacetravelimprovesthefunctionofthebrainpermanently.〖答案〗12.D13.C14.D15.B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于太空旅行对人类大脑影响的研究，介绍了研究开展的经过以及研究的发现。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“AchildwholearnsnottodropaglassonthefloorisanexampleofhowthebrainfollowsthephysicallawsofgravitytobestfunctiononEarth.(一个孩子学会了不把杯子掉在地板上，这就是大脑在地球上如何遵循重力物理定律来发挥最佳功能的一个例子)”可推知，作者通过举个例子解释人类大脑的变化。故选D。【13题详析】词句猜测题。根据第四段“IncooperationwiththeUniversityofLiege,recentanalysesofthebrain’sactivityatrestfoundhowfunctionalconnectivity,amarkerofhowactivityinsomebrainareasisconnectedwiththeactivityinothers,changesinspecificregions.(在与列日大学的合作下，最近对大脑休息时活动的分析发现，功能连通性是如何在特定区域发生变化的，功能连通性是大脑某些区域的活动如何与其他区域的活动联系起来的标志)”；最后一句“Atthesametime,somebrainchangesreturnedtothelevelofhowtheareaswerefunctioningbeforethespacemission.(与此同时，大脑的一些变化回到了太空任务前的水平)”以及划线词后文“afterspaceflightinregionswhichsupportthecombinationofdifferenttypesofinformation,ratherthandealingwithonlyonetypeeachtime”由此可知，后文提到“大脑的一些变化回到了太空任务前的水平”，可推测研究人员发现在太空飞行后，支持不同类型信息组合的区域的连通性发生了变化，而不是每次只处理一种信息，故划线词意思是“改变”。故选C。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theresearchersareexcitedwiththeresults,thoughtheyknowitisonlythefirststepinpursuingourunderstandingofbraincommunicationchangesafterspacetravel.Forexample,weneedtounderstandwhetherlongertimespentinouterspacemightinfluencetheseobservations,andwhetherbraincharacteristicsmaybehelpfulinselectingfutureastronautsormonitoringthemduringandafterspacetravel.(研究人员对结果感到兴奋，尽管他们知道这只是我们了解太空旅行后大脑通信变化的第一步。例如，我们需要了解在外太空停留的时间是否会影响这些观察结果，以及大脑特征是否有助于选择未来的宇航员或在太空旅行期间和之后监测他们)”可推知，研究人员对未来研究的态度是充满希望。故选D。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“ScientistsoftheUniversityofAntwerpandUniversityofLiegehavefoundhowthehumanbrainchangesandadaptstoweightlessness,afterbeinginspacefor6months.(安特卫普大学和列日大学的科学家发现，在太空中呆了6个月后，人类大脑是如何改变和适应失重的)”结合文章主要介绍了一项关于太空旅行对人类大脑影响的研究，介绍了研究开展的经过以及研究的发现。可知，这篇文章主要讲了太空旅行影响大脑的工作方式。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Livingajoyfullifedoesnotmeandenyingpainfulemotions.Instead,itmeanscultivatingamindset(心态)thatprefersanoptimisticviewoftheworld.Atthesametime,itmeansdevelopinghealthywaystodealwithdifficultemotions.Herearefivereasonswhyjoyisapowerfullifechoice.JoyImprovesPhysicalHealth.Inrecentyears,sciencecontinuestoprovethelinkbetweenemotionalwell-beingandphysicalhealth.AccordingtoastudyinBMCCancer,researchersfoundthathappinessandoptimismmayprotectagainstbreastcancer.___16___JoyfulPeopleareMoreProductive.___17___ResearchbyHarvardBusinessReviewfoundthatpeoplewhoworkwithapositivemindsetmayimproveworkperformanceonnearlyeverylevelincludingproductivity,creativity,andcommitment.___18___.Ifyouwanttoimprovetherelationshipsinyourlife,becomeahappierperson.Positivepsychologyexpertssaythatcultivatinghappinessthroughdailyhabitsbuildshealthierrelationships.Whenyouhaveapositiveoutlook,youtendtoapproachthepeopleinyourlifefromaplaceofgratitudeandlove.Thishelpstheotherfeelmorevalued.JoyBoostsCreativity.Perhapsthetypicalmiserableimageofartistshasledsometofeelthatmiserymayinspireart,yetthisisnottherecipeforcreativity.___19___.AccordingtoScientificAmerican,happypeopleareopentoallsortsofideas,andpeoplearemostcreativewhentheyareinagoodmood.JoyCreatesMoreJoy!___20___Well,itisalsotruewithjoy.Whenyousurroundyourselfwithpositivepeople,youexperiencemorehappinessinyourownlife.Byspendingmoretimewithhappypeople,youmayfeelhappier,whichinspiresevenmorejoyinthoseyoumeet!A.Joystrengthensrelationships.B.Joydeterminesthequalityoflife.C.Thesamegoesforheartdisease.D.Youhaveprobablyheardthephrase“miserylovescompany.”E.Makingjoyaprioritycanpayoffwhenitcomestoyourcareer.F.Clinicpracticesshowthatcancerpatientscanbecured.G.Ifyoureallywanttoinspireyourcreativeside,youshouldinspirejoy.〖答案〗16.C17.E18.A19.G20.D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了应该保持快乐的五个原因。【16题详析】根据上文“JoyImprovesPhysicalHealth.Inrecentyears,sciencecontinuestoprovethelinkbetweenemotionalwellbeingandphysicalhealth.AccordingtoastudyinBMCCancer,researchersfoundthathappinessandoptimismmayprotectagainstbreastcancer.(快乐促进身体健康。近年来，科学不断证明情绪健康和身体健康之间的联系。根据《BMC癌症》杂志的一项研究，研究人员发现，快乐和乐观可以预防乳腺癌)”可知，本句承接上文继续说明快乐和乐观对疾病的预防作用。故C选项“心脏病也是如此”符合语境，故选C。【17题详析】根据上文“JoyfulPeopleareMoreProductive.(快乐的人效率更高)”以及后文“ResearchbyHarvardBusinessReviewfoundthatpeoplewhoworkwithapositivemindsetmayimproveworkperformanceonnearlyeverylevelincludingproductivity,creativity,andcommitment.(《哈佛商业评论》的研究发现，以积极心态工作的人几乎可以在各个层面上提高工作表现，包括生产力、创造力和承诺)”可知，本段主要关于积极心态对职业的帮助，E选项中career对应后文work。故E选项“当涉及到你的职业生涯时，把快乐放在首位会给你带来回报”符合语境，故选E。【18题详析】根据后文“Ifyouwanttoimprovetherelationshipsinyourlife,becomeahappierperson.Positivepsychologyexpertssaythatcultivatinghappinessthroughdailyhabitsbuildshealthierrelationships.Whenyouhaveapositiveoutlook,youtendtoapproachthepeopleinyourlifefromaplaceofgratitudeandlove.Thishelpstheotherfeelmorevalued.(如果你想改善生活中的人际关系，那就做一个更快乐的人。积极心理学专家说，通过日常习惯培养幸福感可以建立更健康的人际关系。当你有一个积极的观点，你倾向于从一个感激和爱的地方接近你生活中的人。这会让对方感到更有价值)”可知，本段主要说明了快乐对于人际关系的帮助，A选项中relationships对应后文relationships。故A选项“快乐能加强人际关系”符合语境，故选A。【19题详析】根据上文“JoyBoostsCreativity.Perhapsthetypicalmiserableimageofartistshasledsometofeelthatmiserymayinspireart,yetthisisnottherecipeforcreativity.(快乐促进创造力。也许艺术家们典型的悲惨形象让一些人觉得悲惨可能会激发艺术，但这并不是创造力的秘诀)”可知，本段主要说明了快乐可以促进创造力，G选项中creative对应上文creativity。故G选项“如果你真的想激发你的创造力，你应该激发快乐”符合语境，故选G。【20题详析】根据后文“Well,itisalsotruewithjoy.Whenyousurroundyourselfwithpositivepeople,youexperiencemorehappinessinyourownlife.Byspendingmoretimewithhappypeople,youmayfeelhappier,whichinspiresevenmorejoyinthoseyoumeet!(好吧，快乐也是如此。当你和积极的人在一起时，你会在自己的生活中体验到更多的幸福。花更多的时间和快乐的人在一起，你可能会感到更快乐，这也会给你遇到的人带来更多的快乐！)”可知，本段主要说明了和快乐的人在一起也会变得快乐，D选项中miserylovescompany表示当一个人处于痛苦或困境时，他们会觉得与其他同样遭遇困境的人在一起会感到安慰。故D选项“你可能听过这句话：‘同病相怜’”符合语境，故选D。第二部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项TheNigeriangirlsranagreatraceinthewomen’s4x100mrelayfinalattheBarcelonaOlympicsof1992.Theycamefrom5thpositioninthelast50metersoftheracetoa(n)___21___positionatthefinishline.MaryOnyali___22___andcrossedthelinealongsideaFrenchcompetitor.Everyoneinthestadiumthatdayhad___23___thattheFrenchgirlhadwon,excepttheNigeriangirls.The___24___oftheracewasre-runonthescreen.ThefirsttwoplacesforGoldandSilverwerenot___25___,butthethirdplacewasnotclear.Bothgirlshadcrossedthelineataboutthesametime.Thelastmeterwasreplayedin___26___motion.Frame(帧)byframe,thepicturesmovedandwere___27___attheveryendtoreveallessthanahair’sbreadthofagapbetweenMaryOnyaliandtheFrenchathlete.TheNigeriangirlssawthisand___28___whathadjusthappened.TheyhadjustbecomethefirstfemalemedalistsinNigeria’sOlympichistory!Therewasa(n)___29___insidetheBarcelonaStadium.Thestandsburstintothunderousapplause,cheers___30___thegirlsastheyracedaroundthestadiumfortheirearned___31___lap(圈).Anyonewatchingthecelebrationswould___32___havethoughttheywerenotthewinnerinthatrace,andthattheywereinthird-place.ThosepicturesofthecelebrationbytheNigeriangirlshavebecomeoneofthemost___33___inOlympichistory,demonstratinginlivingcolorthespiritoftheOlympicsandofsport,thatwinningis___34___onlycoming“first”inanevent.Thisisafundamental___35___,notjustinsports,butinalloflife.21.A.improper B.hopeless C.unclear D.difficult22.A.caughtup B.fellover C.turnedaround D.setup23.A.learned B.assumed C.celebrated D.clarified24.A.lead B.team C.time D.end25.A.subjective B.controversial C.certain D.important26.A.steady B.rapid C.slight D.slow27.A.frozen B.skipped C.removed D.taken28.A.wondered B.decided C.realized D.implied29.A.discussion B.explosion C.whisper D.echo30.A.welcoming B.thanking C.inviting D.introducing31.A.favourite B.fast C.opening D.victory32.A.often B.ever C.never D.also33.A.typical B.common C.ordinary D.innovative34.A.against B.beyond C.through D.about35.A.study B.rule C.gift D.lesson〖答案〗21.C22.A23.B24.D25.B26.D27.A28.C29.B30.A31.D32.C33.A34.B35.D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了1992年巴塞罗那奥运会女子4×100米接力决中，参赛的尼日利亚女孩们赢得了第三名，成为尼日利亚奥运会历史上第一批女奖牌获得者，她们绕着体育场跑一圈，赢得胜利，告诉我们胜利不仅仅是在一项赛事中获得“第一”。【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们从比赛最后50米的第5名跑到终点线的一个不明确的位置。A.improper不正确的；B.hopeless绝望地；C.unclear不清楚的；D.difficult困难的。根据后文“butthethirdplacewasnotclear”可知，此处指不明确的位置。故选C。【22题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：玛丽·奥尼亚利赶上来，和一名法国选手一起冲过了终点线。A.caughtup卷入；B.fellover跌倒；C.turnedaround转身；D.setup建立。根据上文“Theycamefrom5thposition”以及后文“andcrossedthelinealongsideaFrenchcompetitor”可知，玛丽·奥尼亚利赶上来，和一名法国选手一起冲过了终点线。故选A。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天体育场里的每个人都以为法国女孩赢了，除了尼日利亚女孩。A.learned学习；B.assumed认定；C.celebrated庆祝；D.clarified澄清。根据后文“theFrenchgirlhadwon”可知，此处指人们以为法国女孩赢了。故选B。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：比赛的终点在屏幕上重新播放。A.lead领先地位；B.team队伍；C.time时间；D.end结束。根据上文“andcrossedthelinealongsideaFrenchcompetitor”可知，两个女孩是一起冲过终点站的，所以是回播比赛的终点。故选D。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：金牌和银牌的前两名没有争议，但第三名却不清楚。A.subjective主观的；B.controversial有争议的；C.certain当然的；D.important重要的。根据后文“butthethirdplacewasnotclear.”中but表示转折，说明金牌和银牌的前两名没有争议，但第三名却不清楚。故选B。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后一米用慢镜头重播了一遍。A.steady稳定的；B.rapid快速的；C.slight轻微的；D.slow缓慢的。根据上文“Bothgirlshadcrossedthelineataboutthesametime.(两个女孩几乎同时过线了)”可知，最后一米用慢镜头重播了一遍。故选D。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：照片一帧一帧地移动，最后定格，显示出玛丽·奥尼亚利和这位法国运动员之间不到一根头发的差距。A.frozen冻结；B.skipped跳跃；C.removed去除；D.taken带走。根据后文“attheveryend”指画面定格到了最后一刻，显示出玛丽·奥尼亚利和这位法国运动员之间不到一根头发的差距。故选A。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尼日利亚女孩们看到了这一幕，意识到刚刚发生了什么。A.wondered想知道；B.decided决定；C.realized意识到；D.implied暗示。根据后文“TheyhadjustbecomethefirstfemalemedalistsinNigeria’sOlympichistory!(她们刚刚成为尼日利亚奥运会历史上第一批女奖牌获得者！)”可知，尼日利亚女孩们看到了这一幕，意识到刚刚发生了什么。故选C。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：巴塞罗那体育场内发生了一次爆炸性事件。A.discussion讨论；B.explosion爆炸；C.whisper低语；D.echo回声。根据上文“TheyhadjustbecomethefirstfemalemedalistsinNigeria’sOlympichistory!(她们刚刚成为尼日利亚奥运会历史上第一批女奖牌获得者！)”可知，巴塞罗那体育场内发生了一次爆炸性事件。故选B。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：看台上爆发出雷鸣般的掌声，欢呼声欢迎女孩们在体育场周围奔跑，为她们赢得胜利。A.welcoming欢迎；B.thanking感谢；C.inviting邀请；D.introducing介绍。根据上文“Thestandsburstintothunderousapplause,cheers”指看台上爆发出雷鸣般的掌声，欢呼声欢迎女孩们在体育场周围奔跑，故选A。【31题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看台上爆发出雷鸣般的掌声，欢呼声欢迎女孩们在体育场周围奔跑，为她们赢得胜利。A.favourite最爱的；B.fast快速的；C.opening开始的；D.victory胜利。根据上文“TheyhadjustbecomethefirstfemalemedalistsinNigeria’sOlympichistory!(她们刚刚成为尼日利亚奥运会历史上第一批女奖牌获得者！)”可知，她们赢得了胜利，所以绕着体育场跑。故选D。【32题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：任何观看庆祝活动的人都不会想到她们不是那场比赛的赢家，而是排在第三位。A.often经常；B.ever曾经；C.never从不；D.also也。根据后文“havethoughttheywerenotthewinnerinthatrace,andthattheywereinthird-place”可知，女孩的兴奋程度让任何观看庆祝活动的人都不会想到她们不是那场比赛的赢家，而是排在第三位。故选C。【33题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些尼日利亚女孩庆祝的照片已经成为奥运会历史上最典型的照片之一，用生动的色彩展示了奥运会和体育的精神，那就是胜利不仅仅是在一项赛事中获得“第一”。A.typical典型的；B.common共同的；C.ordinary普通的；D.innovative创新的。根据后文“inOlympichistory”指尼日利亚女孩庆祝的照片已经成为奥运会历史上最典型的照片之一，故选A。【34题详析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：这些尼日利亚女孩庆祝的照片已经成为奥运会历史上最典型的照片之一，用生动的色彩展示了奥运会和体育的精神，那就是胜利不仅仅是在一项赛事中获得“第一”。A.a