2022-2023学年浙江省湖州市高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1浙江省湖州市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳〖答案〗。AAnxioustokeephealthy?Tryingtofindtipsonit?JustseewhattheseexpertssaidtoyouEatinSeason“Thevegetablesinseasonsprovidethelowestcost,besttasteandmostnutrition,”saidregistereddietitianJillNussinow,“Ifpossible,growyourownorshopatafarmersmarketorstorewithhighproduceturnover.Becomefamiliarwithwhat’sinseason”.StayHydrated(含水的)“Drinkatleast3litersofwaterdaily,butnomorethan1gallon,”saidTrinityPerkins,acertifiedpersonaltrainer,ISSAperformancenutritionspecialist.“Stayinghydratedsessentialtoyourprogress-weightloss,energy,immunesystemfunctioningandmore!”Stayinghydratedensuresyourbodyfunctionproperlyandefficiently.EatSlowerandStopBeforeYou’reFull“Thisisprobablyoneofthemostimportantrulesofhealthyeating;itmeanseatinguntilyouaresatisfied,notstuffedbeyondbelief,”saidDarinHuslander,averifiednutritionist.“Thisallowsyourbrainsignalstokickinandtellyourbodywhenitsfullandreadytostopeating.”CutDownonSugarWeightgain,heartdisease,diabetes,andthelistofhealthissuesassociatedwithconsumingtoomuchaddedsugarcontinuetopileup.Theamountofsugarpeopleingest(摄入)hasbeenclimbing.Checktheingredientsbeforeyoudecideonfoodwhichishighinsugartokeepyoufeelingsatisfied.Whenyoursweettoothkicksin,reachforsomefruit.1.WhatdoesJillNussinowadviseustodo?A.Tofindthecheapestvegetables. B.Tostartashopatafarmersmarket.C.Tolearntheknowledgeofseasons. D.Togrowvegetablesforourselves.2.WhatdoesDarinHuslanderwanttostress?A.Thequalityoffood. B.Thequantityoffood.C.Thetypeoffood. D.Thetasteoffood.3.Howcanwecutdownonsugar?A.Todropfoodhighinsugarforfruit.B.Topileuphealthproblemswithsugar.C.Totakemoreexercisesuchasclimbing.D.Tochecktheingredientsofanyfood.〖答案〗1.D2.B3.A【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些方法以帮助我们更好地保持健康。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段““Thevegetablesinseasonsprovidethelowestcost,besttasteandmostnutrition,”saidregistereddietitianJillNussinow,“Ifpossible,growyourownorshopatafarmersmarketorstorewithhighproduceturnover.Becomefamiliarwithwhat’sinseason”.(注册营养师JillNussinow说：“应季蔬菜成本最低，味道最好，营养最多。如果可能的话，自己种植，或者在农产品周转率高的农贸市场或商店购买。了解当季的食物。”)”可知，JillNussinow认为我们可以自己种植蔬菜或者在农产品周转率高的农贸市场或商店购买。故选D。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段““Thisisprobablyoneofthemostimportantrulesofhealthyeating;itmeanseatinguntilyouaresatisfied,notstuffedbeyondbelief,”saidDarinHuslander,averifiednutritionist.“Thisallowsyourbrainsignalstokickinandtellyourbodywhenitsfullandreadytostopeating.”(“这可能是健康饮食最重要的规则之一；它意味着吃到你饱，而不是吃到撑，”资深营养学家DarinHu说。“这会让你的大脑发出信号，告诉你的身体什么时候吃饱了，什么时候可以停止进食。”)”可知，DarinHu想要强调的是吃的量。故选B。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Whenyoursweettoothkicksin,reachforsomefruit.(当你开始想吃甜食的时候，吃点水果吧)”可知，作者建议当我们想吃甜食时，为了减少糖分摄入，我们可以放弃高糖食物，多吃水果。故选A。BSeanElliotMartinandPanchoTimmonsarefriendsonamissiontochangetheworld,onesmallactofkindnessatatime.That’sthesubjectoftheirnewbook,QuickandEasyWorldChange,whichtheyreleasedasane-book.Theprojectisinspiredbyanotherkindness-relatedbookMartinworkedonyearsago.Thelatestonetakespartsofthefirstbookandupdatesitwithmoreinspiringstoriesandlistsoflittlethingspeoplecandodailytospreadgoodnesswherevertheygo.“Makeagameofgiving—youcanassignyourselfpointsfordifferentlittlethings,”Martinsaid.“HowmanydoorscanIopeneachdayforsomeonewiththeirhandsfull?OrhowmanydifferentwayscanIhelpsomeonetoday?OrhowmanygooddeedscanIthinkof?”Italsoaddressestheconceptofcompoundkindness—adominoeffectofgooddeeds.“Ifyouarekindtooneperson,he’slikelytobekindtotwotofivepeople,”Martinsaid.Bothauthors’liveshavebeenimpactedbythekindnessofothers,theyeachexplained.QuickandEasyWorldChangeistheirwaytopaythoseexperiencesforward.ForTimmons,ateacher’smercyincollegewasaturningpointforhim.“IdidallthethingsIwassupposedtodo-workedhard,studiedhard-andendedupfailingprettymiserably,”herecalled.“Buttheprofessorpulledmeasideandsaid,‘You’reanAstudentturninginCandD.workbecauseyou’reclearlydyslexic(阅读障碍)andnotgettingthehelpyouneed.”“That5-minuteconversationwasthedifferencebetweendroppingoutofcollegeandgettingtwomaster’sdegreesandnowrunningtwocompanies,Timmonssaid.“I’vespentmycareertryingtopaythatforward.”Withtheelectronicversionavailable,theirplanistoreleasehardcopies.Theauthorshopepeoplewilluseitlikeaworkbook,adocumenttheycanmarkup,reflectonandusetomaketheirlives-andthelivesofothersbetter.4.WhatisthebookQuickandEasyWorldChangeabout?A.Positiveeffectsofkindness. B.Dreamsrealizedbytheauthors.C.Waystofeelgoodeveryday. D.Smallactsofkindness.5.Whatdoes“theconceptofcompoundkindness”inparagraph2mean?A.Beingkindisalife-longmission.B.Helpingotherswillmakeyourday.C.Itiseasytostepoutofthecomfortzone.D.Anactofkindnesscansetoffachainofevents.6.HowwasTimmons’lifeinfluencedbyothers’kindness?A.Hisdyslexicwassuccessfullycured.B.Hisscoreswerechangedbyothers.C.Ateachercomfortedhimwithwarmwords.D.Aprofessorassistedhimingettingmaster’sdegrees.7.Inwhatformisthebookaccessibletoreaders?A.Electronicversion. B.Hardcopy.C.Schoolworkbook. D.Document.〖答案〗4.D5.D6.C7.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是SeanElliotMartin和PanchoTimmons两位一起出版的新书QuickandEasyWorldChange。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“SeanElliotMartinandPanchoTimmonsarefriendsonamissiontochangetheworld,onesmallactofkindnessatatime.That’sthesubjectoftheirnewbook,QuickandEasyWorldChange,whichtheyreleasedasane-book.(SeanElliotMartin和PanchoTimmons是朋友，他们的使命是改变世界，一次做一件小小的善举。这就是他们的新书QuickandEasyWorldChange的主题，这本书以电子书的形式发行。)”可知，QuickandEasyWorldChange这本书是关于小小的善举产生的积极影响。故选D。【5题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Ifyoucomplimentoneperson,they’relikelytocomplimenttwotofivepeople(如果你赞美一个人，他们可能会赞美两到五个人)”可知，一个善举会引起其他更多的善举，由此猜测“theconceptofcompoundkindness”的意思是“一个善举可以引发一连串的事件”。故选D。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“ForTimmons,ateacher’scompassionincollegewasaturningpointforhim.“IdidallthethingsIwassupposedtodo—workedhard,studiedhard—andendedupfailingprettymiserably,”herecalled.“Buttheprofessorpulledmeasideandsaid,‘You’reanAstudentturninginCandDworkbecauseyou’reclearlydyslexic(读写困难)andnotgettingthehelpyouneed.”“That5-minuteconversationwasthedifferencebetweendroppingoutofcollegeandgettingtwomaster’sdegreesandnowrunningtwocompanies,”Timmonssaid.“I’vespentmycareertryingtopaythatforward.”(对Timmons来说，大学里老师的同情是他人生的转折点。“我做了所有我应该做的事情——努力工作，努力学习——结果却惨败，”他回忆道。“但是教授把我拉到一边，说，‘你是一个A的学生，却交出了C和D的作业，因为你明显有阅读障碍，没有得到你需要的帮助’。蒂蒙斯说：“那5分钟的谈话就决定了我从大学退学，拿到两个硕士学位，到现在经营两家公司。”“我的整个职业生涯都在努力传递这种精神。”)”可知，一位老师用热情洋溢的话语安慰他，这种善意影响了他。故选C。【7题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段的“That’sthesubjectoftheirnewbook,QuickandEasyWorldChange,whichtheyreleasedasane-book.(这就是他们的新书QuickandEasyWorldChange的主题，这本书以电子书的形式发行)”可知，这本书是电子版本的。故选A。CFormotorcycleenthusiasts,nothingbeatstheexcitementofridingyourmotorcycleontheopenhighwaywiththewindonyourback.Withgaspricesrising,ridingmotorcyclesiseconomicalandamuchgreenerwaytotravel.Alongwiththebenefitscomestheriskofpersonalinjuryifanaccidentoccurs.Afterall,you’renotprotectedbysteellikeyouarewhiledrivingyourcar.Besidesahelmet(头盔),thelatestsafetyinnovations,newairbagjeans,arepersonalairbagsthatyoucanweartobetterprotectyourlife.Airbagshavebeenprotectingpeopleincaraccidentsfordecades.Now,aSwedishcompany,Mo’cycle,teamedupwithanairbagtechnologycompanywhichpreviouslyproducedupperbodyprotectionformotorcycleriders,todesignandproducetheairbagsjeans.Thiskindofairbagcanofferprotectionforthemotorcyclerider’slowerbody,especiallythetailbone,incaseofanaccident.Accordingtothecompany,“Itreformedtheairbagtechnologytoprotectthefirstboneofthespinalcolumn(脊柱),becausespinalcolumninjuryistheleadingcauseofdisabilityamongmotorcycleriders.”Theairbagjeanslooklikeconventionaltrousers.Itscomponentisremovableandthejeanscanbewashed,dried,andwornagain.ThejeansaremadeofafabriccalledArmalithwhichisstrongerandweighslessthansteel.Armalithhelpstopreventridersfrominjuriescausedbyforceoffrictionafterafall.Theairbagsfixedintothefabrichelpprotecttheriderifheorshefallsoffthemotorcycle.Iftheriderisseparatedfromthevehicle,theairbagsaretouchedoffinseconds.That’sbecausethemechanismisactuallyachainthatconnectsthejeanstothemotorcycle.Mo’cycle’sairbagjeansareavailableonthecompany’scrowdfundingcampaignalongwithanairbagshirtandacompleteprotectionpackage.Obviously,theycanprovideprotectionformoremotorcycleriders.Makingtheroadssaferforthemiscertainlyaworthyeffort.8.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph1?A.Toshowthepopularityofmotorcycles. B.Tostressthenecessityofairbagsjeans.C.Tostatetheimportanceofwearinghelmets. D.Todisplaytheexcitementofhighwayriding.9.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.Thetailboneinjuriesarehardtoidentify.B.Airbagsofferoverallprotectionforriders.C.Mocycleisfamousforairbagdesignandproduction.D.Theairbagjeansarebasedontheexistingtechnology.10.Whatisafeatureofairbagjeans?A.Theyleadanewfashiontrend. B.Theyarecomfortabletowear.C.Theyarequickinresponse. D.Theyneedfixingregularly.,11.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefutureoftheairbagjeans?A.Indifferent. B.Uncertain. C.Promising. D.Curious.〖答案〗8.B9.D10.C11.C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了安全气囊牛仔裤可以更好地保护人们的生命，文章介绍了安全气囊牛仔裤的原理以及涉及的技术。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Formotorcycleenthusiasts,nothingbeatstheexcitementofridingyourmotorcycleontheopenhighwaywiththewindonyourback.Withgaspricesrising,ridingmotorcyclesiseconomicalandamuchgreenerwaytotravel.Alongwiththebenefitscomestheriskofpersonalinjuryifanaccidentoccurs.Afterall,you’renotprotectedbysteellikeyouarewhiledrivingyourcar.Besidesahelmet(头盔),thelatestsafetyinnovations,newairbagjeans,arepersonalairbagsthatyoucanweartobetterprotectyourlife.(对于摩托车爱好者来说，没有什么比骑着摩托车在开阔的高速公路上迎风而行更令人兴奋的了。随着汽油价格的上涨，骑摩托车是一种既经济又环保的出行方式。随着这些好处而来的是，如果发生事故，人身伤害的风险。毕竟，你不像开车时那样受到钢铁的保护。除了头盔之外，最新的安全创新产品——新型安全气囊牛仔裤——是一种个人安全气囊，你可以穿上它来更好地保护你的生命)”可推知，第一段的目的是强调安全气囊牛仔裤的必要性。故选B。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Now,aSwedishcompany,Mo’cycle,teamedupwithanairbagtechnologycompanywhichpreviouslyproducedupperbodyprotectionformotorcycleriders,todesignandproducetheairbagsjeans.Thiskindofairbagcanofferprotectionforthemotorcyclerider’slowerbody,especiallythetailbone,incaseofanaccident.Accordingtothecompany,“Itreformedtheairbagtechnologytoprotectthefirstboneofthespinalcolumn(脊柱),becausespinalcolumninjuryistheleadingcauseofdisabilityamongmotorcycleriders.”(现在，一家瑞典公司Mo’cycle与一家安全气囊技术公司合作，设计和生产安全气囊牛仔裤。该公司之前为摩托车手生产上半身保护装置。这种安全气囊可以在发生事故时保护摩托车骑手的下半身，特别是尾骨。据该公司介绍，“它改革了安全气囊技术，以保护脊柱的第一块骨头，因为脊柱损伤是摩托车骑手致残的主要原因。”)”可推知，安全气囊牛仔裤是基于现有技术。故选D。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Iftheriderisseparatedfromthevehicle,theairbagsaretouchedoffinseconds.(如果骑手与车辆分离，安全气囊会在几秒钟内被触发)”可知，安全气囊牛仔裤的特点反应迅速。故选C。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Obviously,theycanprovideprotectionformoremotorcycleriders.Makingtheroadssaferforthemiscertainlyaworthyeffort.(显然，他们可以为更多的摩托车骑手提供保护。让道路对他们来说更安全当然是值得的)”可推知，作者认为安全气囊牛仔裤的未来很有前途。故选C。DNASA’sJamesWebbSpaceTelescopehastakenitsfirstimageofaplanetoutsideofoursolarsystem.ThetelescoperecordedfourdifferentviewsofHIP65426b,alargeplanetabout6latestonetakesto12timesthemassoftheplanetJupiter.“Thisisahistoricmoment,notonlyforWebbbutalsoforastronomygenerally,”saidSashaHinkley,associateprofessorofphysicsandastronomyattheUniversityofExeter.AstronomersdiscoveredHIP65426bin2017usingtheEuropeanSouthernObservatory’sVeryLargeTelescopeinChile.Itisayoungexoplanet(系外行星)around15to20millionyearsole-Earthis4.5billionyearsold.AccordingtoNASA,takingdirectimagesofexoplanetspresentsachallengebecausestarsaremuchbrighterthantheirsurroundingplanets-HIP65426bismorethan10,000timesdullerthanitshoststarinthenear-infrared(近红外光),andafewthousandtimesdullerinthemid-infrared.Webbhasanear-infraredcameraandmid-infraredinstrument,whicharebothequippedwithcoronagraphs(日冕仪).“ItwasreallyimpressivehowwelltheWebbcoronagraphsworkedtosuppressthelightofthehoststar,”Prof.Hinkleysaid.Sincetheplanetisaround100timesfurtherawayfromitshoststarthanEarthisfromtheSun,thetelescopecaneasilyseparateitfromthestarintheimage.Althoughthisisnotthefirstdirectimageofanexoplanettakenfromspace,astheHubbleSpaceTelescopehastakendirectexoplanetimagespreviously,theimagepointsthewaytofutureobservationsthatwilldisclosemoreinformationaboutexoplanets.“Ithinkwhat’smostexcitingisthatwe’veonlyjustbegun,”saidAarynnCarter,apostdoctoralresearcherattheUniversityofCalifornia.“Therearemanymoreimagesofexoplanetstocomethatwillshapeouroverallunderstandingoftheirphysics,chemistryandformation.Wemayevendiscoverpreviouslyunknownplanets,too.”12.WhatdoweknowaboutHIP65426b?A.ItwasfirstobservedinChile. B.Itisaplanetofthesolarsystem.C.ItisaboutthesizeofJupiter. D.IthasalongerhistorythanEarth.13.WhyisithardtotakedirectimagesofHIP65426b?A.It’sveryclosetoitshoststar. B.Infraredcamerascan’tspotit.C.It’ssurroundedbyotherplanets. D.Thelightofitshoststaristoostrong.14.Theunderlinedword“suppress”inparagraph4canbereplacedby.A.strengthen B.block C.check D.adjust15.WhatdoesAarynnCartersayabouttheimageofHIP65426b?A.Itistheonlyimageofexoplanets.B.Itisusefulinexploringotherexoplanets.C.Ithasalreadyprovideddetailsoftheexoplanets.D.Ithelpsunderstandthesolarsystembetter.〖答案〗12.A13.D14.B15.B【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了美国宇航局的詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜首次拍摄到太阳系外行星的图像。该望远镜记录了HIP65426b的四种不同视角，这是一颗大约6倍于木星质量的大行星。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“AstronomersdiscoveredHIP65426bin2017usingtheEuropeanSouthernObservatory’sVeryLargeTelescopeinChile.(2017年，天文学家在智利使用欧洲南方天文台的甚大望远镜发现了HIP65426b)”可知，HIP65426b是2017年在智利被观察到的。故选A。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“AccordingtoNASA,takingdirectimagesofexoplanetspresentsachallengebecausestarsaremuchbrighterthantheirsurroundingplanets-HIP65426bismorethan10,000timesdullerthanitshoststarinthenear-infrared(近红外光),andafewthousandtimesdullerinthemid-infrared.(根据美国宇航局的说法，直接拍摄系外行星的图像是一个挑战，因为恒星比周围的行星要亮得多——HIP65426b在近红外波段比它的主恒星暗1万多倍，在中红外波段暗几千倍)”可知，直接拍摄HIP65426b的图像很难是因为它在近红外波段比它的主恒星暗1万多倍，在中红外波段暗几千倍。也就是它的主恒星要亮的多。故选D。【14题详析】词义猜测题。根据划线单词上一段“AccordingtoNASA,takingdirectimagesofexoplanetspresentsachallengebecausestarsaremuchbrighterthantheirsurroundingplanets-HIP65426bismorethan10,000timesdullerthanitshoststarinthenear-infrared(近红外光),andafewthousandtimesdullerinthemid-infrared.(根据美国宇航局的说法，直接拍摄系外行星的图像是一个挑战，因为恒星比周围的行星要亮得多——HIP65426b在近红外波段比它的主恒星暗1万多倍，在中红外波段暗几千倍)”可知，HIP65426b的主恒星要亮的多，所以直接拍摄HIP65426b的图像很难。而根据划线单词下一句“Sincetheplanetisaround100timesfurtherawayfromitshoststarthanEarthisfromtheSun,thetelescopecaneasilyseparateitfromthestarintheimage.(由于这颗行星与它的主星之间的距离是地球与太阳之间距离的100倍左右，因此望远镜可以很容易地将它与图像中的恒星分开)”可知，韦伯日冕仪可以很好地“挡住、抑制住”主星光芒，所以照片才会拍得很清晰。选项A“strengthen(加强)”；选项B“block(阻挡)”；选项C“check(检查)”；选项D“adjust(调节)”。故选B。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Althoughthisisnotthefirstdirectimageofanexoplanettakenfromspace,astheHubbleSpaceTelescopehastakendirectexoplanetimagespreviously,theimagepointsthewaytofutureobservationsthatwilldisclosemoreinformationaboutexoplanets.(虽然这不是第一张从太空拍摄的系外行星的直接图像，因为哈勃太空望远镜之前曾拍摄过系外行星的直接图像，但这张照片为未来的观测指明了道路，将揭示更多关于系外行星的信息)”以及““Therearemanymoreimagesofexoplanetstocomethatwillshapeouroverallunderstandingoftheirphysics,chemistryandformation.Wemayevendiscoverpreviouslyunknownplanets,too.”(“未来还会有更多系外行星的图像，这些图像将塑造我们对它们的物理、化学和形成的整体理解。我们甚至还可能发现以前未知的行星。”)”可知，HIP65426b的图像对探索其他系外行星很有用。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyonehasoneormoretalents.Bringingoutthebestinotherscangraduallychangetheworld.____16____Withpatience,youcangraduallyfindtheadmirablecharacteristicsofpeoplearoundyou.Herearesomewaystohelpyoutoidentifyandadmirethetalentsofpeoplearoundyou.Givingisagoodwaytofindoutthegoodqualitiesinothers.Beingkinddoesn’tjustmeanhelpingsomeonefinancially.Youcanassistthemwithyouradvice,talentsandsoon.____17____Besides,youwillknowhowtheydealwiththeirproblemsinlifewithamind:nevergiveup.Talentsadoptseveralformsandtheyputpeopleindifferentcircumstances.Thus,youneedtobeflexibletodiscovergoodqualitiesinothers.Somepeopleyoucomeacrossmayhavedifferentattitudestowardslifefromyou.____18____Nobodyisperfectandeveryonehassomeshortcomings.However,theseareusefultoyou.____19____Startbyanalyzingtheshortcomingsinothers,andthenyoucaneasilyfindoutthegoodqualitiestheyalreadyhave.____20____Oneofthefinestwaystodiscovergoodcharacteristicsofothersistoaskthemsomethingabouttheirsuccessandfailure.Themoreyouarecurious,themoreyouwillknowaboutaperson.A.Developaninterestinothers.B.Liveinthepresenttospotothers’talents.C.Knowingone’sweaknessesisagreatwaytounderstandthem.D.Forthat,youneedtolearntoexploregoodqualitiesinothers.E.Discoveringthegoodinotherscanbringoutthebestinyourself.F.Duringthisprocess,youwillknowwhatdifficultytheyarefacingnow.G.Yourbiggestchallengeistoputasideyourownmindandseethebrightspotofthem.〖答案〗16.D17.F18.G19.C20.A【导语】本文是说明文。本文简要介绍了几个发现他人优点和特长的方法。【16题详析】上文“Bringingoutthebestinotherscangraduallychangetheworld.”（激发别人最好的一面可以逐渐改变世界。）下文“Withpatience,youcangraduallyfindtheadmirablecharacteristicsofpeoplearoundyou.”（有了耐心，你会逐渐发现周围人的令人钦佩的特点。）可知，空前提到激发别人最好的一面可以逐渐改变世界。空后又提到有了耐心，你就会逐渐发现身边人令人钦佩的特质。结合选项D项Forthat,youneedtolearntoexploregoodqualitiesinothers.（为此，你需要学会发掘别人身上的优点。）其中“Forthat”与前文相呼应，“learntoexploregoodqualitiesinothers”与下文衔接，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。【17题详析】上文“Youcanassistthemwithyouradvice,talentsandsoon.”（你可以用你的建议、才能等等来帮助他们。）下文“Besides,youwillknowhowtheydealwiththeirproblemsinlifewithamind:nevergiveup.”（此外，你会知道他们如何处理他们的问题在生活中有一个头脑：永不放弃。）空前提到你可以通过你的建议、天赋等来帮助他们，空后提到此外，你会知道他们如何不放弃地处理生活中的问题。由此可推断空处应介绍了通过建议等帮助他人的结果。结合选项F项Duringthisprocess,youwillknowwhatdifficultytheyarefacingnow.（在这个过程中，你会知道他们现在面临着什么样的困难。）其中“Duringthisprocess”指代空前提到的帮助他人，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。【18题详析】空处所在段主要强调了天赋有多种形式，并且会让人有不同的经历，因此你需要灵活地发现他人的优点。空前“Somepeopleyoucomeacrossmayhavedifferentattitudestowardslifefromyou.”（你遇到的一些人对生活的态度可能与你不同。）又提到你遇到的一些人对于生活可能和你有不同的看法。由此可推断空处应介绍在这种情况下如何发现别人的优点。结合选项G项Yourbiggestchallengeistoputasideyourownmindandseethebrightspotofthem.（你最大的挑战是把自己的想法放在一边，看到他人身上的闪光点）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。【19题详析】上文“Nobodyisperfectandeveryonehassomeshortcomings.However,theseareusefultoyou.”（没有人是完美的，每个人都有缺点。然而，这些对您是有用的。）下文“Startbyanalyzingtheshortcomingsinothers,andthenyoucaneasilyfindoutthegoodqualitiestheyalreadyhave.”（从分析别人的缺点开始，然后你可以很容易地发现他们已经拥有的优点。）空前提到了每个人都有一些缺点，但是这些缺点对你是有用的。空后又提到通过分析他人的缺点，你可以轻松地发现他人已有的优点。由此可推断空处应提到了他人的缺点对你有用的原因。结合选项C项Knowingone’sweaknessesisagreatwaytounderstandthem.（了解一个人的弱点是了解他们的好方法。）符合此推断，说明了他人的缺点对你有用的原因，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。【20题详析】空处位于最后一段段首，应是对整段内容的概括总结。分析整段内容尤其是最后一句“Themoreyouarecurious,themoreyouwillknowaboutaperson.”（你越好奇，你就越了解一个人。）可知，本段主要介绍的是发现别人优点的方法是对他人充满好奇。结合选项A项Developaninterestinothers.（培养对他人的兴趣）是对整段内容的概括性描述，选项中的“interest”与下文中的“curious”相照应。故选A项。第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Nickwastroubledandaimless.Thenonenight,everythingchanged.Atfirst,itwasjustfaintlightasNickdrovepastatwo-storyhouse.Thenherealizedthehousewasonfire.Heimmediatelypulleduptoinvestigate.____21____wasclimbingupthefrontporch.Hurryingoutofthe____22____,heyelled,“Help,fire!”AcardrovepastandNicktriedto____23____ittostop,butinvain.Herantothebackdoor,sureitwouldbe____24____.Tohisamazement,itswungopen.Without____25____,Nickraninside,peeringintoroomstoseeifanyonewashome.Hehadjuststartedclimbingwhenhe____26____andsawfourfacesemergeatthetopofthestairs.AfterNick’swarning,theycamepouringdownandrushedout“Anybodyelseinthere?”Nickasked.Whentolda6-year-oldwasstillin,heranback.Bynow,thewholehousewasinflames.Thesmellwas____27____.Thesmokewasthick.HeliftedhisT-shirttocoverhismouthandnose.Ashehesitated,heheardthekidcrying____28____.Nickstumbledintotheblackness,____29____onsmoke.His_____30_____stayedalertashemovedtowardthesound.ThensuddenlythekidwasinfrontofhimandNickquicklygrabbedherintohisarms.Theflameswere_____31_____evencloser.Nicktookafewsteps_____32_____andthrewhimselfoutofthewindow.Outside,thefirefightershadarrived.Hehandedoverthegirl—crying,butmiraculouslyuninjured_____33_____acutonherarm—beforecollapsingonthesidewalk.Nick’sburnshavemostlyhealed,butotherchangeshavebeenfargreater.Asnewsabouthis_____34_____spread,aGoFundMeaccountforhishospitalbillsexploded,reaching$600,000.“Itsomehowfeelslikebothanear-deathexperienceanda_____35_____.”Nicksaid.21.A.Air B.Water C.Smoke D.Mist22.A.vehicle B.house C.bay D.fire23.A.put B.signal C.break D.take24.A.locked B.frozen C.wrapped D.melted25.A.interruption B.delay C.motion D.sympathy26.A.lookedup B.gotup C.lookeddown D.gotdown27.A.dizzy B.pleasant C.bitter D.intense28.A.desperately B.patiently C.tightly D.precisely29.A.hesitating B.spraining C.choking D.collapsing30.A.ankles B.throats C.ears D.fists31.A.skipping B.inching C.sinking D.fading32.A.forward B.downward C.upward D.backward33.A.dueto B.insteadof C.apartfrom D.asfor34.A.realism B.heroism C.criticism D.pessimism35.A.recovery B.reputation C.reform D.rebirth〖答案〗21.C22.A23.B24.A25.B26.A27.D28.A29.C30.C31.B32.D33.C34.B35.D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述的是主人公尼克英勇无畏，救助火海中一名受困儿童的英雄事迹。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：烟顺着前廊往上窜。A.Air空气；B.Water水；C.Smoke烟；D.Mist雾。根据前文“Thenherealizedthehousewasonfire.”可知，房子着火了烟顺着前廊往上窜。故选C。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他急忙下了车，喊道：“救命，着火了!”A.vehicle车辆；B.house房子；C.bay海湾；D.fire火。根据前文“Atfirst,itwasjustfaintlightasNickdrovepastatwo-storyhouse.”可知，尼克开车经过房子，故看到房子着火，他从车上下来。故选A。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一辆汽车开过，尼克试图打信号让它停下来，但没有成功。A.put放；B.signal发信号；C.break打破；D.take带走。根据后文“tostop”可知，发出信号，示意他人停车。故选B。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他跑向后门，他认为后门应该是锁着的。A.locked被锁住；B.frozen冻住；C.wrapped包裹；D.melted融化。根据后文“Tohisamazement,itswungopen”可知，后门并没有如他所想，是锁着的，门是开着的。故选A。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尼克毫不迟延地跑进屋里，朝房间里张望，看是否有人在家。A.interruption打扰；B.delay推迟；C.motion移动；D.sympathy同情。根据“peeringintoroomstoseeifanyonewashome”可知，尼克毫不迟延地跑进屋里，朝房间里张望，看是否有人在家。故选B。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他刚开始往上爬，就抬起头来，看见楼梯顶上出现了四个人的面孔。A.lookedup查阅；B.gotup起床；C.lookeddown看不起；D.gotdown静下心。根据后文“sawfourfacesemergeatthetopofthestairs.”可知，他抬头向上看，看见了四个人的面孔。故选A。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：气味很强烈。A.dizzy头晕目眩的；B.pleasant愉快的；C.bitter苦的，心酸的；D.intense强烈的。根据前文“Bynow,thewholehousewasinflames.”以及后文“Thesmokewasthick.”可知，火势凶猛，烟很浓，烧灼的气味很浓烈。故选D。【28题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：就在他犹豫的时候，他听到了孩子绝望的哭声。A.desperately渴望地，绝望地；B.patiently耐心地；C.tightly紧紧地；D.precisely精确地。根据前文“heheardthekidcrying”可知，他听到了孩子绝望的哭声。故选A。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尼克在黑暗中跌跌撞撞，被烟呛得喘不过气来。A.hesitating犹豫；B.spraining扭；C.choking窒息；D.collapsing倒塌。根据后文“onsmoke”可知，尼克被烟呛得喘不过气来。故选C。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他朝声音的方向移动时，耳朵保持警觉。A.ankles脚踝；B.throats喉咙；C.ears耳朵；D.fists拳头。根据后文“ThensuddenlythekidwasinfrontofhimandNickquicklygrabbedherintohisarms.”可知，他朝声音的方向移动时，耳朵保持警觉，然后突然，孩子出现在他面前，尼克迅速地把她抱在怀里。故选C。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：火焰越来越近了。A.skipping跳过，略过；B.inching缓慢移动；C.sinking下沉；D.fading褪色。根据后文“evencloser”可知，尼克距离火焰越来越近，火焰慢慢的靠近（吞噬着）尼克。故选B。【32题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尼克后退了几步，跳出了窗户。A.forward向前；B.downward向下；C.upward向上；D.backward向后。根据后文“threwhimselfoutofthewindow.”可知，尼克后退了几步，用来缓冲，然后跳出窗户。故选D。【33题详析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：他把那个哭着的女孩交给了她，但除了手臂上的伤口外，她奇迹般地没有受伤，然后倒在人行道上。A.dueto因为；B.insteadof反之；C.apartfrom除了；D.asfor至于。根据后文“acutonherarm”可知，女孩除了手臂上的伤口外，其他地方没有受伤。故选C。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他的英雄事迹传开后，一个为他的医院账单筹款的GoFundMe账户爆炸了似的，达到了60万美元。A.realism现实主义；B.heroism英雄行为；C.criticism批判主义；D.pessimism悲观主义。根据前文“Hehandedoverthegirl—crying,butmiraculouslyuninjured________acutonherarm—beforecollapsingonthesidewalk.”可知，尼克在熊熊火海之中拯救了一位儿童，这是他的英雄事迹。故选B。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不知何故，这感觉既像是濒死体验，又像是重生。A.recovery恢复；B.reputation声望；C.reform改革；D.rebirth重生。根据前文“anear-deathexperience”可知，从火海中逃生这段经历感觉既像是濒死体验，又像是重生。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In2008,DuMenggraduatedfromtheCentralAcademyofFineArtswithamajorinVisualCommunicationArt.Before____36____(specialize)inglassartattheRochesterInstituteofTechnology’sMasterofFineArtsprogramintheUnitedStates,amemorabletripsparkedherinterestinthecraft.“Attheendof2008,oursupervisor____37____(take)meandmyclassmatesonatriptotheU.S.In____38____artmuseumonthetrip,Ifirstsawartistsusingglassasamaterial____39____(create)theirwork.Iwascuriousabouthowglasscouldbeusedinsuchaway,”saidDuMeng.“I____40____(particular)liketoseethechangingstateof____41____(shadow)castbylightpassingthroughglassatdifferenttimesandseasons,”Duexplained.“Theinterestingthingaboutglass____42____(be)thatyounotonlyneedtoconsidertheglassitself,____43_