学术英语写作（本科）智慧树知到期末考试答案章节答案2024年北京工业大学

学术英语写作（本科）智慧树知到期末考试答案+章节答案2024年北京工业大学InMLAstyle,inthelistofworkscited,itshouldbealphabetizedbythefirstword(excluding_____________).

答案:an###the###aDecidewhichelementsareessential:

答案:Anoutlineofyourpaper###Relevantbackgroundinformation###Yourresearchmethods###Reviewofworkbyotherwritersonthetopic###PurposeoraimofthepaperThebestapproachtochoosingsuitabletextswillbe__________.

答案:surveytextfeatures###readextensivelywhenusefulsectionsarefound###skimorscantext###readintensivelytomakenotesonkeypoints###readtitleandsub-titlecarefullyIndatabasesearching,itispossibletotargetthesearchbyselecting___________.

答案:thelanguageofpublication###thetypeofillustration###thetypeofdocument“GVU’s10thWWWusersurvey.(n.d.).Retrievedfrom/user_surveys/survey-1998-10/”isanonlinereportwith______________.

答案:noauthoridentified###nodate###notitleInAPAin-textcitation,ifnoauthorisgiven,ashortenedformof_________________isused.

答案:thetitlewiththedate23.ThewordplagiarismisderivedfromaLatinwordfor“kidnapper”.

答案:对Indiscussionsection,ifyourresultsdifferfromyourexpectations,explainwhythatmayhavehappened.Ifyourresultsagree,thendescribethetheorythattheevidencesupported.

答案:对Ahumanities-basedpaperisbestsuitedtothe“pyramid”technique.

答案:错InAPAstyle,allauthors(uptosix)arelistedinReferences,thelastthreebeingjoinedbyanampersand(&).

答案:错InpaperMLAstyle,thetitleofanyunpublishedwork,regardlessofitslength,isenclosedinquotationmarks.

答案:对Weshouldofferthedescriptionofthedatawithoutanopeningsentencewhichsummarizesthefindingsderivedfromthedata.

答案:错Youshouldcitethesourcesofallborrowedmaterial,whetheritisaquotation,aparaphrase,orasummary.

答案:对InMLAstyle,whenaninstitution,acommittee,orsomeothergroupisdesignatedastheauthor,itiscitedintheauthorposition.

答案:对Basicdefinitionsareformedbygivingacategoryandtheapplication.

答案:对InaBooleansearch,joiningtwotermswithORnarrowsthesearch.

答案:错Whenthecitedinformationcomesfromdifferentsources,thein-textreferenceshouldincludeallthesources.

答案:对InMLAin-textcitation,anyinformationincludedwithinyourtextshouldberepeatedintheparentheses.

答案:错Therearetwocomponentstoreferencing:thein-textreferenceandtheend-of-textreference.

答案:对Youmustrelateyourworktothefindingsofotherstudiesincludingpreviousstudiesyoumayhavedoneandthoseofotherinvestigators.

答案:对Hedginglanguagecanprotectyoufrompossiblecriticismwhen___________.

答案:youmisssomeinformationorevidencethatyouhavenotfound###perhapsthereareflawsinyourclaims###theremaybeexceptionstotheconclusionthatyouhavedrawnTablescanalsobeused____________________.

答案:tosynthesizeexistingliterature###toexplainvariables###topresenttheresultsofthestudyThemethodssectiontypicallyconsistsoffollowingsubsections:

答案:Materials###Procedures###ParticipantsTherearethreeprincipalreasonsforprovidingreferencesandcitations:

答案:Toavoidplagiarism.###Toallowreaderstofindthesource,iftheywishtoexaminethetopicinmoredetail.###Toshowthatyouhavereadsomeoftheauthoritiesonthesubject,whichwillgiveaddedweighttoyourwriting.Aprospectusisaparagraphortwothatidentifies____________andanyspecialaspectsofyourproject.

答案:theproblemsyouanticipate###yourthesis###yourtopic###thekindsofsourcesyouplantoconsultThestandardBooleanoperatorsare__________.

答案:OR###AND###NOTTheimportantideasofaliteraturereviewtriestoconveyisthat:

答案:Itsetsthestageforyoutodemonstratewhatyourresearchcontributionisgoingtobe.###Itprovidestheinformationasbackgroundinformationtoyourreaders.###Youreallyknowandunderstandwhatothersinyourfieldhaveaccomplished.EverycitationinthetextmusthaveamatchingentryinReferences,whichincludeinformationaboutthe__________.

答案:author###editor###title###publisherInpaperMLAstyle,whencitingmagazinearticles,monthsexceptfor_______________areabbreviatedinWorksCitedandinparentheticalcitationsbutnotinthetextofapaper.

答案:July###May###JuneInaresearchlog,youcanjotdown____________.

答案:possibletopics###sourcestoconsult###reminderstoyourself###questionstoconsider###possiblemainpointsInanacademicsynthesis,weshouldreadactivelytofindconnectionsbetweendifferentsources,suchas:

答案:causesandeffects###advantagesanddisadvantages###differentdefinitionsandexplanations###similardefinitionsandexplanationsInMLAstyle,tocreateanentryforasourcetakenfromanonlinedatabase,weshouldbeginwiththeappropriateform,andconcludetheentrywith_________________.

答案:themedium(Web)###theaccessdate###thenameofthedatabase(initalics)Citationmainlyoccursin_________________________.

答案:theintroductionsection,themethodssectionandthediscussionsectionWhichsentencepatternisusedto“statetheobjectiveorpurpose”inanabstract?

答案:Thisarticleistoevaluate...Afactis________________,whileanopinionis____________________.

答案:objective,indisputableandstatesreality;subjective,arguableandinterpretsrealityWhichsentencepatterncanbeusedtoshow“values”inDiscussionsection?

答案:Despitethepreliminarycharacter,theresearchreportedherewouldseemtoindicate...__________isusedtoshowstructure.

答案:Diagram__________isusedtoshowstatisticaldisplay.

答案:Table__________isusedtoshowchangesintime.

答案:LinegraphTheliteraturereviewofaresearchpaperisoftenincorporatedintothe__________.

答案:introductionsectionWeshouldtrytodescribealltherawdatainresultssection.

答案:错InMLAstyle,theeditorofacollectionofessays,stories,andsoonisidentifiedbeforethetitle;ed.heremeans“editor,”andeds.isusediftherearetwoormoreeditors.

答案:对Asitsobjectiveistoinformratherthanentertain,anacademicessayischaracterizedbyobjectivityandpreciseness.

答案:对Inaliteraturereview,theauthordoesn’tneedtoorganizeandpresentthesourcesofpreviousstudiesinalogicalway.

答案:错Aself-containedliteraturereviewnotonlypresentsnewinformation,butalsosummarizesmultiplepreviousstudies.

答案:错Allplagiarismisdeliberate.

答案:错Itisimportanttocomparearangeofviewstoshowthatyouarefamiliarwithdifferentandconflictingviewsonatopic.

答案:对Therearetwokindsofabstracts:paperabstractsandconferenceabstracts.

答案:对Inmethodsection,youshouldprovideenoughdetailthatanotherresearchercouldreplicateyourexperiment,includingthoseunnecessarydetailthatisnotrelevanttotheoutcomeoftheexperiment.

答案:错Proximitysearchingisbestusedasameansoffindingpassagesinabibliographicdatabaseinwhichtwotopicsarediscussedinrelationtooneanother.

答案:错InDiscussionsection,thereiterationofaresultisaninterpretation.

答案:错Theresultssectionshouldbewritteninaconciseandwell-organizedmanneranditisoftenlong.

答案:错Afactoranopinionderivedfromasinglesourcerequirescitation.

答案:对Oneofthekeycharacteristicsofacademicwritingisthatitbuildsontheworkofearlierauthors.

答案:对Apaperpurchasedfromaaready-madepaperfroma“researchservice”oranInternetsiteisablatantformofacademicdishonesty.

答案:对Whendesigningyourquestionnaire,youshouldlimitthenumberofquestionssotherespondentcananswerthemin10minutes.

答案:错Knowinghowthedataarecollectedcanhelpthereaderevaluatethevalidityandreliabilityofyourresultsandyourconclusion.

答案:对APAdocumentationhasatwofoldpurpose:tolistallofthesourcesusedinapaperandtoidentifythespecificlocationofeachitemofborrowedmaterial.

答案:对DatabasescannotcovercopyrightedmaterialsthatareusuallynotfoundonthefreeInternet,andtheycannotsupportamorecontrolledandfocusedsearchoftheircontents.

答案:错Scientificresearchisasystematicwayofgatheringdata,aimingatincreasingorrevisingcurrentknowledgeorexplainingthenatureandthepropertiesoftheworldby_____________________.

答案:reaffirmingtheresultsofpreviouswork###discoveringnewfacts###developingnewtheories###solvingneworexistingproblemsWhenformulatingathesis,youshould____________.

答案:avoidgeneralterms###avoidoverlyobviousstatements###lookforadifferenttopicoranewapproachtotheoneyouhaveifyoucannotwriteasatisfactorythesisstatementThevalueandoriginalityofyourpaperoftengrowsoutof_____________.

答案:yourfullinterpretationofyourdata###discussionofthesignificanceofyourfindings###comparisonwithpreviousstudiesBeing_______and_______isthebasicrequirementofanabstract.

答案:informative###clear###conciseThetypesofdatacollectionare:

答案:bysurvey###byinterview###byexperimentWhenendingwithaconclusionparagraphinliteraturereview,weshould:

答案:createaspaceforyourresearchargument###shedlightsonthegapsofpreviousresearch###summarizepreviousresearchDiscussionsectionshouldbe______________.

答案:moreintegratedwiththefield###bemoretheoretical,ormoreabstract,ormoregeneral###moreconnectedtotherealword###moreconnectedwithimplicationsorapplicationsWhichsentencepatternisusedto“outlinechiefresultsorfindings”inanabstract?

答案:Resultsrevealedsignificantgainsin...Overall,Resultsdealwith______，andDiscussiondealswith_____；factsare________,whilepointsare_________.

答案:facts;points;descriptive;interpretive___________isoftenusedinmultiplesourcereferences.

答案:Information-focusedversion__________isusedtoshowproportion.

答案:PiechartAmongthethreecitationmethods,themostconvenientwayistoquote_________________directlyfromtheoriginaltexts.

答案:words,sentencesandparagraphsInMLAin-textcitationforprintsources,thereisacommabetweentheauthor’snameandthepagenumber.

答案:错Wewilloftenfindmorein-depthcoverageinageneraldatabase.

答案:错Begineachmajorsectionofaliteraturereviewwithaclearanexplicittopicstatementandendthemwithatransition.

答案:对InAPAstyle,twoworksbythesameauthorpublishedinthesameyeararearrangedalphabeticallywithanuppercaseletteraddedaftertheyeartodistinguishbetweenthem.

答案:错Beforewritinganeffectiveseriesofquestions,youmustthinkcarefullyaboutwhatyouraimsare,andhowtoachievetheminthesimplestway.

答案:对Generallyspeaking,inanabstract,theopeningandconcludingstatementsarewritteninthepresenttenseorthepresentperfecttense,whilethemethodsandresultsareexpressedinthepasttense.

答案:对Theformatofthereferencessectionvariesslightlyfromonescientificjournaltoanother.

答案:对Acasestudyattemptstoshowexactlywhathappenedinaparticularsituation.

答案:对Synthesizingonlyrequiressimplysummarizingasinglesourcematerial.

答案:错Thepremierstepfortakingnotesshouldbecriticallyreadeachsource.

答案:对Criticalthinkingmeansnotjustpassivelyacceptingwhatyouhearorread,butinsteadactivelyquestioningandassessingit.

答案:对Generally,thepasttenseisusedtonarrateexperimentsandexplainprocedures.

答案:对Primarysourcesaredocuments,reports,recordings,orothersourcesofinformationthatarecreatedmostprobablythrough__________and_________.

答案:investigations###first-handsurveys###experiments###fieldstudiesThemostusefuloptionsoftheadvancedsearchare__________.

答案:subjectterms###author###abstract###titleInprocedurepartofmethodsection,weshouldexplain__________.

答案:theorderinwhichstepsoccurred###whatyouhadparticipantsdo###howyoucollecteddataDiscussionsectionshouldbearrangedasinthefollowing:

答案:Pointstoidentifyusefulareasoffurtherresearch.###Pointstoindicatethelimitationsofyourstudy.###Pointstoconsolidateyourresearchspace.Plagiarismincludes:

答案:failingtousequotationmarks###omittingacitation###thoughtlesslyechoingthelanguageofasourceAliteraturereviewreveals________incurrentwork.

答案:arguments###weaknesses###controversies###gapsThesisis__________thatwilldeterminewhatkindofmaterialyoulookfor.

答案:anapproachtoyourtopic###apropositiontobeexamined###anassumptionaboutyourtopic###apremisetobesupportedWecanuse_______toinsertawordorphraseintothequotationtoclarifyapoint.

答案:squarebracketsAspecializedcollectionofarticlesonlyappliestoasingleacademicdiscipline,suchasliterarystudies,psychology,orhistory.

答案:对Plagiarismisseenasakindoftheft,andisconsideredtobeanacademiccrime.

答案:对Usually,nocitationsappearintheabstractthoughalimiteduseofreferenceisallowed.

答案:对InAPAstyle,ifthereisnoDOI,weshouldgivethefullURLortheURLofthehomepageofthejournal.

答案:对Thestructureofthediscussionsectionistomovefromgeneraltospecificinformation.

答案:错Ifyoudonothavetimetoreadeverywordpublishedonthetopicyouarestudying,youmustfirstchoosecarefullywhatyoureadandthenassessitthoroughly.

答案:错YoushoulddiscusseachoftheexperimentsorstudiesinthesamesequenceaspresentedintheResults,providingyourinterpretationofwhattheymeaninthelargercontextoftheproblem.

答案:对Visualdevicessuchasgraphsandtablesareaconvenientwayofdisplayinglargequantitiesofinformationinaformthatiseasytounderstand.

答案:对“Givingacitationforsomeinformationbutmisspellingtheauthor’sname”isnotplagiarism,butcarelessness.

答案:错Writingadescriptivetitleforeachtableandfigureisforthereadertoknowexactlywhattheyarelookingatwithoutreferringtothetext.

答案:对Discussionshouldbemorethansummariesandgobeyondtheresults.

答案:对Themethodsectionshouldutilizesubheadingtodivideupdifferentsubsections.

答案:对Effectivediscussionsectionsarebasedonpoints,ratherthanonfacts.

答案:对InAPAstyle,foranonlinejournalarticlethathasbeenassignedaDOI,youshouldprovidetheDOIattheendofthereferencecitation.

答案:对Themainpurposeofanintroductionisto____________.

答案:givebackgroundinformationaboutthetopicofthepaper###setoutthespecificquestionstobeaddressedbytheauthorThemethodssectionprovidesthetechnicaldetailsof_________________.

答案:howastudyisconducted###howdataarecollectedtoansweraresearchquestion###howdataarecollectedtotestahypothesisInMLAstyle,theentryofperiodicalpublicationappearingonlyonthewebconcludeswith__________________________.

答案:dateofaccess###themediumofpublication(Web)Thepatternofopeningsentencesshouldinclude__________.

答案:development###timephrase###topicOpinionsinclude_______________.

答案:hypotheses###claims###arguments###ideasAdatabaseprovides____________ofscholarlypublicationsinanumberofareas.

答案:abstracts###fulltexts###bibliographiccitationsDescribetheparticipantsinyourexperiment,including:

答案:Howmanytherewere###Whotheywere###HowtheywereselectedThefunctionsofaliteraturerevieware:

答案:Itisalsocommontousetheliteraturesectiontoclarifythevaryingpositionsheldbyotherresearchers.###Itcanbeusedtoshowthatthereisagapintheresearchthatyourworkattemptstofill.###Itisalistofsourcesthatyouhavestudied.###Writersmayalsoshowhowchangesinthoughthaveappearedatdifferenttimes.Inascientificwritingcontext,anappropriateacademicwritingstyleshoulduse___________________.

答案:elaborationofideas###explanationofideas###synthesisofideasWeshoulddescribe__________________usedintheexperiment.

答案:stimuli###measures###materials###equipmentUnintentionalorcarelessplagiarismisespeciallylikelytooccurattwostagesofthewritingprocess—____________________.

答案:duringnotetaking###duringdraftingAsanInternetresearcher,youshouldreviewthesourceofeachsiteaccessedand______________ofeachdocumentaccessed.

答案:therelevance###thecompleteness###thetimelinessInDiscussionsection,youshoulddiscussreasonsforsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenyoursandothers’findingsbecause_________.

答案:youmayfindcrucialinformationinsomeoneelse’sstudythathelpsyouinterpretyourowndata.###youwillbeabletoreinterpretothers’findingsinlightofyours.Asforliteraturesearch,thestepsshouldinclude:

答案:Keepabibliographicaltrail.###Findmaterialsrelevanttothesubjectbeingexplored.###Gotothelibraryorgoontheinternet.###Markthesourcesasprimary,secondaryandtertiary.Citationisoftenusedto__________and____________.

答案:givedefinitions,introducetheoriesandmodels###describethepreviousstudies,giveexamples,synthesizesources###establishthelinksbetweensources,borrowtheresearchmethods###compareone’sownfindingsorinterpretationswithothersources.AsanInternetresearcher,youshould_______________________.

答案:remainfocusedontheresearchtopic###reviewpointofviewofalldocumentsrelatedtotheresearchtopic###resistthetemptationtobedistractedbyunrelatedsites###reviewthesourceofalldocumentsrelatedtotheresearchtopic###reviewcompletenessofalldocumentsrelatedtotheresearchtopicInmethodssection,youneedto:

答案:Provideanexplanationofhowtherawdatawasanalyzed.###Giveacompletelyaccuratedescriptionofthetechniquesusedforgatheringthedata.###Provideanexplanationofhowtherawdatawascompiled.###Giveacompletelyaccuratedescriptionoftheequipmentusedforgatheringthedata.FundamentalquestionstoanswerinDiscussioninclude:__________.

答案:Doyourresultsprovideanswerstoyourtestablehypotheses?###Ifwarranted,whatwouldbethenextstepinyourstudy?###Givenyourconclusions,whatisournewunderstandingoftheproblemyouinvestigatedandoutlinedintheIntroduction?###Doyourfindingsagreewithwhatothershaveshown?Afactisastatementthatcanbeshowntobetrueby_________or_______.

答案:observation###experimentAbibliographicdatabasecontains_____________________.

答案:abstracts###publicationfacts###subjectindexing###author###titleinformationInAPAin-textcitation,thenamesofmultipleauthorsarejoinedwith_________ratherthan_________inparentheticalcitations—butnotinthebodyofthepaper.

答案:anampersand;theword“and”Therearetwoversionsofquoting:____________________.

答案:author-focusedandinformation-focusedWhichsentencepatternisusedto“makerecommendations”inanabstract?

答案:Assuchithasimportantimplicationsnotonlyfor...butalsofor...Whilebrowsing,themindis________________;whilesearching,itis__________________.

答案:exploratoryandcurious;focusedandpurposefulWhichsentencepatterncanbeusedtoshow“limitation”inDiscussionsection?

答案:Itshouldbenotedthatthisstudyhasexaminedonly...__________isusedtoshowlocation.

答案:MapInMLAstyle,apublicationofperiodicalpublicationsappearingonlyontheweboftendoesnothavepagenumbers;ifthatisthecase,use___________inplaceofpagenumbers.

答案:n.pag.Whichsentencepatternisusedto“introducetheproblem”inanabstract?

答案:...areextremelyactiveareasofresearchbecause...InMLAstyle,iftherearemorethanthreeauthors,cite_____________________withacommaandetal.

答案:thefirstandfollowthenameInMLAin-textcitation,whenyouciteaworkbymorethanthreeauthorsoreditors,cite________________,followedbyetal.______________.

答案:thefirstname;withnointerveningcommaIn-textcitationsshouldbeindicatedclearlyinthereferencessection,whosepurposeistoprovidereaderswithmoredetailsofthesourcesyouhavecitedinthepaper.

答案:对Closedquestionsareeasiertoprocess,butopenquestionswillcollectawiderangeofresponses.

答案:对Plagiarismthatoccursduringthewritingphaseisusuallytheresultofcarelessness.

答案:对InMLAstyle,alistofthesourcesusedinapaperthatservesasageneralacknowledgmentofindebtednesstoeach.

答案:对InAPAin-textcitation,itusuallyconsistsofthenameoftheauthor(s)andtheyearofpublication,andthepagenumberisaddedwhenutilizingadirectquotation.

答案:对Conclusionstendtobeshorterandmorevariedinformatthanintroductions.

答案:对Inresultssection,tablesand/orfiguresshouldbesequencedtopresentyourkeyfindingsinalogicalorder.

答案:对Inacademicwork,ideasandwordsarenotseenasprivatepropertybelongingtothepersonwhofirstthoughtorwrotethem.

答案:错Inachronologicalreview,theauthorgroupsanddiscussespreviousstudiesintermsofthemesortopicstheycover.

答案:错Basically,anabstractisasingleparagraph(about200words)containingabout4to10fullsentences.

答案:对InAPAstyle,monthsarespelledout,andmilitarystylecanbeusedfordates.

答案:错WeshouldorganizetheDiscussiontoaddresseachoftheexperimentsorstudiesforwhichyoupresentedresults.

答案:对InAPAstyle,formorethansixauthors,listthefirstsixanduseetal.torepresenttheothersinReferences.

答案:对InMLAstyle,UniversityPressisabbreviatedUP,writtenwithoutperiodsandwithoutaspace.

答案:对InMLAstyle,thelistofworkscitedandindividualcitationsallowareadertoretrievefurtherinformationfromthesourcesandtoverifytheaccuracyofyourargument.

答案:对TheDiscussionsimplyrepeatsorrearrangestheIntroduction.

答案:错Agoodliteraturereviewshouldfocusonpreviousstudiesandfindingsdifferentfromyourstudies.

答案:错Theresultssectionalwaysbeginswithtext,reportingthekeyresultsandreferringtoyourfiguresandtablesasyouproceed.

答案:对Inintroductionsection,definitionsareneededineverycase.

答案:错Titlesoffiguresarewrittenabove,whiletitlesoftablesarewrittenbelowthedata.

答案:错62.Inresultssection,allresultsdeserveaseparatetableorfigure.

答案:错CSEstyleiswidelyusedforscientificjournalsandisbasedoninternationalprinciplesadoptedbytheNationalLibraryofMedicine.

答案:对Themethodsectionshouldprovideenoughinformationtoallowotherresearcherstoreplicateyourexperimentorstudy.

答案:对Acombinationofbrowsingandsearchinghelpsyourecognizeifyourresearchtopicistoobroadandneedsnarrowing.

答案:对InMLAstyle,whenyoulisttwoormoreworksbythesameauthororeditor,givethenameonlyinthefirstentry.Insubsequententries,typethreehyphensandaperiodandspaceoncebeforethetitleofthework.

答案:对InMLAstyle,aninitialTheinbooktitlescanbeomitted.

答案:错InpaperMLAstyle,weshouldbeginthecitationofananthologyoranysimilarcollectionofpiecesbyvariousauthorswiththenameoftheeditor.

答案:对Whenyouwanttoquote,youmustpreciselyindicatethecopiedwordsbyplacingquotationmarksaroundthetextifitisoverthreelineslong.

答案:错InpaperMLAstyle,usethewordAnonymousiftheauthor’snameisknownbutnotgivenonthetitlepage.

答案:错ThefunctionoftheDiscussionistointerpretyourresultsinlightofwhatwasalreadyknownaboutthesubjectoftheinvestigation,andtoexplainournewunderstandingoftheproblemaftertakingyourresultsintoconsideration.

答案:对After

completing

your

first

draft,

you

should

leave

it

for

a

day

and

then

reread

it,

asking

yourself

the

following

questions:

答案:Do

the

different

sections

of

the

paper

have

the

right

weight

(i.e.

is

it

well

balanced)?###Does

the

argument

or

discussion

develop

clearly

and

logically?###Have

I

forgotten

any

important

points

that

would

support

the

development?###Does

this

fully

answer

the

question(s)

in

the

title?As

you

revise

your

draft,

check

each

paragraph

to

make

certain

that

it

is

unified

around

a

single

idea

and

that

it

is

developed

in

logical

sequence.

答案:对The

test

of

a

statement

is

whether

you

understand

it,

not

whether

a

new

reader

will

be

able

to.

答案:错适当的学术写作风格指的是:

答案:Uses

subject-

or

field-specific

language

to

the

extent

that

it

may

be

difficult

for

a

person

outside

the

area

to

fully

understand

the

text;

Uses

complete

sentences

and

paragraphs.###Use

in-text

reference

and

end-of-text

reference

list;

Is

based

on

research-supported

points.###Supports

arguments

by

quotes,

paraphrases

and

summaries;

Uses

elaboration,

explanation

and

synthesis

of

ideas.###Shows

formality

and

accuracy

in

the

choice

of

language;

Avoids

colloquial

language,

spoken

expressions

and

cliches.在本章中，使用正式文体时需要注意的语言点包括：

答案:Avoiding

Jargon###Using

the

Active

Voice###Varying

Sentence

Patterns###Writing

Concisely当我们对论文进行校对时，在Citation部分应该注意以下哪些方面？

答案:Have

all

sources

been

adequately,

consistently

and

correctly

in-text

referenced?###Are

you

sure

that

your

paraphrasing

is

rewritten

substantially

instead

of

by

changing

a

few

words?###Do

you

synthesize

well

from

several

sources

by

using

appropriate

reporting

verbs?###Are

you

sure

the

direct

quotation

should

be

used

less

and

an

indented

paragraph

used

to

highlight

it

if

the

quotation

runs

more

than

two

lines?In

MLA

style,

if

you

have

two

or

more

books

by

the

same

multiple

authors,

the

three

hyphens

should

be

used

for

all

entries

after

the

first.

答案:对In

CSE

style,

we

don’t

need

to

use

numbers

within

the

text

to

refer

to

the

end

references.

答案:错下面哪些是参考书目的基本规则？

答案:Be

consistent

with

punctuation,

placement

of

the

year

of

publication

and

use

of

Italics.###Place

the

reference

list

immediately

after

the

conclusion

section,

but

before

the

appendix.###Do

not

include

sources

which

you

read

but

did

not

use.###Arrange

the

sources

alphabetically

by

the

last

name

of

the

author,

or,

if

there

is

no

author,

by

the

first

word

of

the

title.In

APA

style,

two

works

by

the

same

author

published

in

the

same

year

are

arranged

alphabetically

with

a

lowercase

letter

added

after

the

year

to

distinguish

between

them.

答案:对In

MLA

style,

if

you

are

likely

to

use

a

dissertation:

after

the

title

add

Diss.

(not

italicized

or

enclosed

in

quotation

marks),

the

university,

and

the

year.

答案:对In

APA

style,

only

proper

nouns

and

the

first

word

of

a

title

and

subtitle

are

capitalized.

答案:对Except

for

major

cities,

APA

style

uses

the

two-letter

postal

abbreviation

to

identify

the

state

in

which

the

publisher

is

located.

答案:对The

function

of

hedging

language

is

to

protect

you

from

possible

criticism

or

to

minimize

or

soften

what

you

say.

答案:对Basically,

an

abstract

is

a

single

paragraph

(about

200

words)

containing

about

4

to

10

full

sentences.

答案:对在Discussion

Section中，需要回答的基本问题包括：

答案:Do

your

findings

agree

with

what

others

have

shown?

If

not,

do

they

suggest

an

alternative

explanation

or

perhaps

an

unforeseen

design

flaw

in

your

experiment

(or

theirs?)###Given

your

conclusions,

what

is

our

new

understanding

of

the

problem

you

investigated

and

outlined

in

the

Introduction?###If

warrant