2024年北京市东城区高三二模英语试卷及答案

第1页/共1页2024北京东城高三二模英语本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Steventookhis7-year-oldsonAlexand4-year-olddaughterMiaoutonhisboatforfishingandfun.Butintheblinkofaneye,thingstookaterrifying1whenastrongcurrentsuddenlysweptthrough,causingMiato2herholdontheboat.WhileMiaworealifejacket,Alexdidnot.Butasthecurrentpulledhissisteraway,Alexwasn’tgoingtoleaveheralone.He,too,letgoofthe3andswamtowardhissister.Realizingthedanger,Steven4jumpedintothewaterandtriedtohelphiskids.Butthestrongcurrentmadeitdifficultevenforhim.SohetoldAlextoswimtoshorewhilehetriedtorescueMia.“ItoldthembothIlovedthembecauseIwasn’tsurewhatwasgoingtohappen,”Stevenrecalled.“Itriedto5MiaaslongasIcould.ButfinallyIworemyselfout,andshedriftedaway（漂走）fromme.”Alexfollowedhisdad’s6andheadedfortheshore.Butitwasnoeasytask.“Thecurrentwasgoingtheoppositeway,”heexplained.Thislittleboyspentanhour7hiswaybacktoland.Heswammorethanamile.Oncehefinallymadeittotheshore,theboyrantothefirsthousehecouldfindandbeggedfor8.Fromthere,Jacksonvilleauthorities9andrescuedStevenandhisdaughter.Alex,thebraveand10littleboysavedhissisteranddad.Ifnotforhim,itwouldhavebeenadifferentstory.1.A.hit B.turn C.pause D.risk2.A.release B.find C.escape D.regain3.A.fish B.jacket C.boat D.current4.A.unusually B.suddenly C.instantly D.unexpectedly5.A.relateto B.waitfor C.counton D.stickwith6.A.explanation B.footsteps C.example D.instructions7.A.clearing B.fighting C.picking D.changing8.A.security B.understanding C.permission D.help9.A.cutin B.lookedout C.tookover D.camearound10.A.tough B.humble C.hard-working D.confident第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AHaveyoueverheardoftheRingofFire?Itmightsoundlikesomethingstraightoutofsciencefiction,11itisarealplace.TheRingofFireisthenameusedbyscientiststodescribeanarea12frequentvolcaniceruptionsandearthquakestakeplace.Infact,mostoftheworld’svolcanoesarelocatedthere.TheRingofFireisanarc-shapedregionthat13（run）alongthecoastofNorthandSouthAmerica,alongtheeasternedgeofAsia,acrossAlaska’sAleutianIslands,andalongthecoastofNewZealand.BAtthemoment,AItoolsprovideresultsthatarenotalwayscorrectorappropriate.That’s14companiesarelookingforpeopletohelptrainAIprograms.Thesepeoplearecalledpromptengineers,who15（pay）six-figuresalaries.AnnaBernstein,apromptengineer,writespromptsandfeedsthem16AItools.ThishelpstheAIgeneratetextwithaccurateinformation.Shethinkspromptengineeringisnowoneofthehottesttechjobsandshelovesherjob.CWhenLaurenSchroeder,ahighschoolstudent,17（show）uptoacommunityfooddrivelastyear,shesawwhatpeopletheregot—justalotof18（can）goods.Shedecidedtobecomethechangeshewantedtosee.Schroedergrew7,000poundsofproduceandgaveitallawaytofoodbanks.HerworkdrewtheattentionofFutureFarmersofAmerica,whichgavehersomemoneyfor19（supply）andseeds.Hergoalis20（donate）20,000poundsofvegetablesbythetimeshegraduates.第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASpotOver1.000oftheseyellowrobots,Spot,arealreadycheckingfactoriesandpowerplants.AndnowtheNewYorkCityFireDepartmentisstartingtousethedog-likedevicesforsearch-and-rescuemissions.InApril2024,aSpotsurveyedtheremainsofacollapsedcarparkthatwasconsideredtoounstableforfirecrewstoenter.Spotcanalsosendbackvideofootage,carryupto14kgand.whenfittedwithanadd-on“arm”,opendoorsandpressswitches.LightningSwarmInspiredbyfireflies,theserobotsaretinyandcangiveoutlightinvariouscolours.Thescientistsintendtherobotstousetheirlightstosignaltoandtrackeachother:alow-powercommunicationstrategyforalightweightrobot.“Weenvisionsendinghundredsormoreofthesetinyflyingrobotsintoadisastersite,andhavingthemcollectivelysearchforsurvivors,”saysMITroboticsengineerProfKevinChen.“Onceasurvivorisfound,they’llpasstheinformationouttotheoperators.”TrailBlazersAttheBajiaoFircRescueStation,inYantai,northeastChina.afirefightertestsoutafire-fightingrobot.Forafewyears,Chinahasbeenpromotingthetechnology,whichallowshumanfirefighterstostaysafelyoutsidethedangerzonewhilecontrollingrobotfirefighterstoputoutfiresatchemicalplantsandinsubways.Onemajoradvantageofthisapproachisfireresistance—TrailBlazerscanworkattemperaturesof1,000℃forover30mins.RoosterThankstoitscleverdesign,Roostercanrollacrosssurfacesorflyaroundtoexaminealmostanytypeofdisastersite,movingthroughnarrowpassagesandwindows,oroverobstaclesandupordownstaircases.Designedtoassistinsearchoperations,therobotusescamerasandsensorstoscanaspace,sothatrescuersdon’tneedtoenterdangerousareas.Roostercanalsocommunicatewithsearchteamsandotherrobotsviaaradiolink.21.Whichrobotscanworkintheair?A.SpotandTrailBlazers. B.SpotandLightningSwarm.C.RoosterandTrailBlazers. D.RoosterandLightningSwarm.22.Whatdotheserobotshaveincommon?A.Theycansendradiosignals.B.Theyarefittedwithcameras.C.Theycanhelpconductrescues.D.Theyaremodelledafteranimals.23.Thispassageisprobablyfrom______.A.asciencemagazine B.atestreportC.anoperatinghandbook D.amodernfictionBMarkBrown.57.hadbeenmakingfilmsfor30years,buthefoundhimselffeelingtiredofit.“Ithought,thingscanonlygodownhill.”Brownknewheneededtodosomethingelse—butwhat?Afewyearsearlier,hehadboughthischildhoodhouseandmovedin.WhileBrownwonderedaboutasecondcareeringardening,heheardadifferentinternalvoice.“Thatchildwhousedtolovedrawingwhisperedtomedowntheyears,”hesaid.Someunacknowledgedlonginginhimwasbroughtout.Therewasagreatoaktreenearhishome.Ithadstoodouttohisyoungselfasa“fantasticalgiant—atreasurehometobirds,insectsandanimals.Therewasacaveinside.Weusedtosqueezeinthroughthishole.”Hedecidedtolockhimselfawayfortwomonthstodrawitinallitsgloriousdetail.“WhileIwasdrawing,”hesaid,“therecamemomentswhenitwasasthoughthetreewasdrawingitself.Ihadspentsomuchtimeplayinginit.Icouldfeelit.Itwasdeepinsideme.”Hisfinishedoakheld“arealpower”,hesaid.“Asyouwalktowardsit,itjustgrows.”Brownbecameatreeportraitist.Overthenextfewyears,hetravelledacrossBritainandspentdayswiththetreesselectedwiththehelpoftheAncientTreeForum,theTreeCouncilandtheWoodlandTrust.Brownhasstartedworkona20-drawingseriesofBritain’smostimportantashtrees.“Thesebeautifuloldashtreesaregoingtobelosttous,”hesays.“Theyare350yearsoldandtheyaredyingbecauseofadiseasethatwe’vespread.”Drawingisnotonlyanactofcareandademandforpreservation,butit“givesmethatinterfacebetweenmypassionforthenaturalworldandmycreativity,”Brownsays.Ithasalsogivenhimadifferentperspectiveonthepassageoftime.“I’manoldmanyetI’monly71,andsomeofthetreesI’vedrawnare1,000yearsold.WhenI’mwiththemandwhenIdrawthem,Ithinkabouttheendofmylifeandthebriefnatureofhumanlifethatpassesmomentarilybeneaththem.”24.Attheageof57.Brown______.A.movedintohisoldhouse B.awakenedachildhoodinterestC.reachedthepeakofhislife D.developedapassionforgardening25.WhatcanwelearnabouttheoaktreeandBrown?A.Ithelpedhimstartanewcareer.B.Itlinkedhimwiththeworld.C.Hebuiltatreehouseinit.D.Hestudiedcreaturesinit.26.WhatisBrownworkingon?A.Settinguptreeorganizations.B.Lookingforcuresfortreediseases.C.Drawingtocallforprotectionfortrees.D.TravellingtoselectimportanttreesinBritain.27.WhenBrowniswithtrees,hefeelsthat______.A.timeisendless B.humanlifeistemporaryC.natureisdynamic D.life-longlearningiscrucialCNeuroscientistsusuallyinvestigateonebrainatatime.Theyobservehowneurons（神经元）fireasapersonreadscertainwords,forexample,orplaysavideogame.Associalanimals,however,thosesamescientistsdomuchoftheirworktogether—brainstorminghypotheses,puzzlingoverproblemsandfine-tuningexperimentaldesigns.Increasingly,researchersarebringingthatrealityintohowtheystudybrains.Collectiveneuroscience,assomepractitionerscallit,isarapidlygrowingfieldofresearch.Anearly,consistentfindingisthatwhenpeopleconverseorshareanexperience,theirbrainwavessynchronize.Neuronsincorrespondinglocationsofthedifferentbrainsfireatthesametime,creatingmatchingpatterns,likedancersmovingtogether.Theexperienceof“beingonthesamewavelength”asanotherpersonisreal,anditisvisibleintheactivityofthebrain.Suchworkisbeginningtorevealnewlevelsofrichnessandcomplexityinsociability.Inclassroomswherestudentsareengagedwiththeteacher,forexample,theirpatternsofbrainprocessingbegintosynchronizewiththatteacher’s—andgreatersynchronymaymeanbetterlearning.Couplesexhibithigherdegreesofbrainsynchronythannon-romanticpairs,asdoclosefriendscomparedwithmoredistantacquaintances.Butmuchaboutthephenomenonremainsmysterious—evenscientistsoccasionallyusetheword“magic”whentalkingaboutit.Onestraightforwardexplanationcouldbethatsynchronybetweenbrainsisaresultofsharedexperienceorsimplyasignthatwearehearingorseeingthesamethingassomeoneelse.Butthenewestresearchsuggeststhatsynchronyismorethanthat—orcanbe.Researchersarediscoveringsynchronyinhumansandotherspecies,andtheyaremappingitschoreography—itsrhythm,timingandundulations（波动）—tobetterunderstandwhatbenefitsitmaygiveus.Giventhatsynchronizedexperiencesareoftenenjoyable,researcherssuspectthisphenomenonisbeneficial:ithelpsusinteractandmayhavefacilitatedtheevolutionofsociality.Thisnewkindofbrainresearchmightalsocastlightonwhywedon’talways“click”withsomeoneorwhysocialisolation（孤立）issoharmfultophysicalandmentalhealth.Withsynchronyandotherlevelsofneuralinteraction,humansteachandlearn,forgefriendshipsandromances,andcooperateandconverse.Wearedriventoconnect,andsynchronyisonewayourbrainshelpusdoit.8.Accordingtothepassage,collectiveneuroscience______.A.collectsandrefinesresearchonneuronsB.analysesactivitiesofonebrainatatimeC.promotesconnectionsamongneuroscientistsD.focusesonstudyingbrainsininteractivegroups29.WhatcanweinferaboutbrainsynchronyfromParagraph4?A.Itcanbenefitotherspecies.B.Itsmechanismhaschanged.C.Itdemandsfurtherinvestigations.D.Findingsaboutitarecontradictory.30.Whichofthefollowingmayresultfrombrainsynchrony?A.Increasingpopularityamongpeers.B.Bettercooperationamongteammates.C.Improvedtechniquesforconversations.D.Moresharedexperiencesbetweenacouple.DYoumightnotthinkthatanAIcapableofmakingmusicwouldstimulateyouremotion,butothersthinkdifferently,particularlythosewhogatheredatMexicoCity’sSymphonyHallin2019forSchubert’sUnfinishedSymphony,whichIfinishedusingmelodiesgeneratedbyanAI.Astheorchestra（管弦乐团）finishedSchubert’soriginalworkandbeganthemusictheAIandIhadwritten,Icouldfeelthecrowd’senergyshiftfromastonishmenttoindignationandfear.TheyseemedafraidthatanAImightbeabletomakeemotionalsymphonicmusic.Youcanseetheirpoint:anAIthatmakesemotionalmusiccouldaffecttheemotionallivesofthousandsorevenmillionsofpeopleinasmall,butprofoundway,justlikeahumanmusiciandoes.Positiveandnegative,peoplereactedverystronglytoAI’ssymphonicdebut（首秀）.Eventhoughmostpeopledon’tbelievethatAIcancreatesomethingenjoyable,they,atleastpartly,didenjoytheUnfinishedSymphony.Enjoymentinmusicimpliesthatthere’ssomethinginthemusicthatthelistenerconnectsto,aperceptionofsharedemotion.But,inthecaseofAImusic,anemotionsharedwithwho?AI,asofyet,hasnoemotions.Sowhatisthemeaningofmusicmadewithoutanemotionalcomposer?Theunsatisfyingansweristhatmusichasnoobjectivemeaning.Acomposercandecidehowapieceofmusicsounds,butit’sthelistenerthatdecideswhatitmeans.Nomatterhowitscreated,musicdoesn’texistinavacuum（真空）tothelistener.Themeaningweassigntomusicdependsonitscontext—howthepiececonnectstootherelementsinourlives.Withoutcontext,musicisliketheresultsofagamewhoseruleshavebeenlost.Thecontextforamusicispartofwhoyouare.Themusicisemotionaltoyoubecauseyouhavethecontexttoappreciateit.Asitcontinuestoevolve,AImusicwilldevelopitsowncontext.Certainly,it’llbedifferentfromhuman-mademusic.It’llmixexistinggenrestocreatenewones;it’llcombineinstrumentsthatwewouldn’tthinkofcombining.Itsruleswillbedifferent.I’mnowalwaysaskedthesamequestion:“Whoputtheemotioninthatmusic:you,thecomposer,ortheAI?”Butthat’snotthequestiontheyreallywanttoask,though.There’sadeeperquestionthatmostpeoplearetooafraidtoaskrightnow:“Aremyemotionssosimplethattheycanbemaneuveredbyamachine?”Inmyexperience,thiscouldbepossibleoneday.IfamodestlycapablemusicAIin2019couldstirupemotionsofanaudience,maybeAIcanhaveamorepowerfuleffectonouremotionallivesthanwe’dliketoadmit.31.Theaudiencereactedstronglytothesymphonymainlydueto______.A.theirdoubtsaboutAI’scapabilitiesB.theiruneasinessaboutAI’sinfluenceC.theorchestra’sbrilliantpresentationofAImusicD.thelikenessbetweenAImusicandtheoriginalwork32.Whatmighttheauthoragreewith?A.AIposeslittleimpactonpeople’semotions.B.Musicbearsnointendedemotionalmeaning.C.AImusicwilloutperformhuman-mademusic.D.Thecontextreflectspeople’sinterpretationofmusic.33.Whatdoestheword“maneuvered”underlinedinParagraph6mostprobablymean?A.Refreshed. B.Challenged. C.Revealed. D.Directed.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AreComposersToBeReplaced?B.WouldAIMusicBeaRisingTrend?C.CouldAIMakeMusicThatMovesYou?D.WastheUnfinishedSymphonySuccessful?根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Socrates,Galileo,MarieCurie,Einstein...Whatdidthesegreatthinkershaveincommon?Theyallpracticeddeliberatedoubtanduseditasatooltoimprovetheirthinkingandgeneratecreativeideas.35Itisaboutsuspendingourcertaintyandlettinggoofourpreconceived（先入为主的）notionsinordertoexplorenewideasandperspectives.Whenwe’recertainofsomething,wetendtostoplookingforalternativeexplanationsorpossibilities.36Doubtcan,ofcourse,beunsettling,butitcanalsoresultinagreaterunderstandingofasubjectandinspirefreshthoughtsandinsights.37Butitdoesn’tmeanweshoulduseitallthetime.Whiledeliberatedoubtcanbeavaluabletoolforgeneratingcreativeideasandexploringcomplexproblems,itcanalsobecounterproductiveifitisnotpracticedintherightway.It’simportanttokeepinmindthatdeliberatedoubtisnotconstantdoubt.Ifwe’recontinuouslydoubtingourownideas,we’llbelesslikelytopursuethemandseethemthroughtocompletion.38Wespendsomuchtimedoubtingeverythingandendupnotdoinganything.39Wecanbecomeself-criticalandunsureofourabilities,whichcanundermineourself-esteem.Asaresult,wemaybetooafraidtotrynewthingsortakerisks.Toavoidthesetraps,it’simportanttostrikeabalancebetweendoubtandcertainty,andtousedoubtasatooltostimulatecreativethinkingandexploration,ratherthanasameansofunderminingourselvesorothers.A.Deliberatedoubtcanalsoleadtoalackofconfidence.B.Butwhenwedoubt,we’reforcedtoconsiderotherperspectives.C.Inthiscase,deliberatedoubtcanpreventusfrommakingdecisions.D.Whenpracticedallthetime,deliberatedoubtcanleadtoadifferentbelief.E.Byturningdoubtintoadeliberateprocess,weopenourselvestonewpossibilities.F.Deliberatedoubtisthepracticeofactivelyquestioningourbeliefsandassumptions.G.Deliberatedoubtcanhelpustodevelopamoreopen-mindedapproachtotheworld.第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。WhenIthinkaboutrunningatimedmileinelementaryschoolPEclass,Icanstillfeelthefull-bodysensationofstress.ThemilerunwaspartoftheNationalPhysicalFitnessTest,abiannualassessmentgiventoelementarythroughhighschoolstudents,whichincludedfiveevents:themilerun,sit-ups,pull-upsorpush-ups,asit-and-reachandashuttlerun.Twiceayear,thetop15percentofparticipantsnationwidewerehonoredwithaPhysicalFitnessAward.Atmyschool,thewinners’nameswerepaintedononeofthegym’swalls.ForyearsIstaredadmiringlyatthosenames,wonderingifIwouldevermakethecut.ButnomatterhowhardItried,Icouldneverpullmychinabovethebar.Ibelievedeeplyinthevalueofphysicalactivityforboththemindandthebody.However,itwasn’tuntilIwasinmy30sandhadrunahalf-dozenhalf-marathons,atacomfortablepace,thatIevenbegantobelieveIwasasportswoman.I’veheardsimilarstoriesfrommanypeople.MyfriendNatalia,agroupfitnessinstructor,saidthatforyearsshesawherselfaslackingathleticismthankstoherexperienceinPEclass.Itwasonlywhenshetookafitnessclassthatshebegantoseeherselfasphysicallycapable.Theirexperiences,andmyown,mademebelieveevenifPEclassandfitnessassessmentfailtomakeyoudevelopapositiverelationshipwithsports,thereisdefinitelyapositiveopportunitytomakeitasourceofjoyinyourlife.It’stakenyearstomeetmyselfwhereIam.WhenIrunamiletheseday