新译林版高中英语必修3UNIT4SCIENTISTSWHOCHANGEDTHEWORLDPROJECT课件

Unit

4Scientists

who

changed

the

worldExtendedreading&Project词汇知识·自主学习scientificmoralfreedomresponsibilityignoranceauthorityapplycreditⅡ.根据语境填入恰当的介、副词1.Itrepresentedthedestructionofpeopleanditputourfuture__risk.2.Istheresomeevilinvolved__science?3.Anothervalueofscienceistheintellectualenjoymentitcanprovideus____.4.Whenheisprettysureofwhattheresultisgoingtobe,heisstill__somedoubt.5.Ourfreedomtodoubtwasbornoutofadeepandstrongstruggle_______authorityintheearlydaysofscience.

atinwithinagainstⅢ.根据语境和汉语提示写出正确的短语1.Thefirstwayinwhichscienceisofvalue___________(熟悉)everyone.

2.Ifwemakegoodthings,itisnotonly___________(归功于)ofscience.

3.Itrustedhimbuthe___________(让我失望).

4.Whenhehasanidea____(关于)whattheresultis,heisuncertain.

5.Now,wescientists________________(想当然地认为)thatitisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow.

isfamiliartotothecreditletmedownastotakeitforgrantedinspiringleadingknowing【词汇串记】根据给出的构词规则完成下面的空格以ce为词尾的名词转换为以t为词尾的形容词。intelligencen.→intelligentadj.有才智的differencen.→________adj.不同的silencen.→_____adj.沉默的importancen.→_________adj.重要的distancen.→______adj.遥远的differentsilentimportantdistant阅读精析·合作学习

Task1框架宏观建构:整体理解

1.Skimthepassageandfillintheblanks.Paras.1、2:Theauthor’sexperiencecausedhimtoreconsider________________.

Para.3:Thefirstvalueofscience:_____________________________.Para.4:Thesecondvalueofscience:_______________________.

Paras.5—7:Thethirdvalueofscience:__________________.

thevalueoftodoandmakeallkindsofthingstheintellectualenjoymentthefreedomtodoubtscience2.Whatisthetexttypeofthepassage?A.Narration(记叙文).B.ArgumentativeEssay(议论文).C.ExpositoryWriting(说明文).D.PracticalWriting(应用文).答案:B3.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?Thepassageismainlyaboutthevalueofscience.Firstly,scientificknowledgeenablesus_____________________________.However,whetherwecanmakegoodthingsdepends__________________________________________Secondly,itcanprovideuswith_______________________.Lastly,inordertomakeprogress,wemustrecognize__________________.

todoandmakeallkindsofthingsnotonlyonthesciencebutalsothemoralchoice.theintellectualenjoymentthevalueoffreedom【寻技巧·提能力】

第一,抓论点、寻论据。阅读议论文我们要抓住论题,即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题,我们就把握了中心。第二,注重文章结构,理清文章脉络。把握文章结构,有利于对文章大意的理解。从论证方法上讲,常见的议论文结构有以下两类:

1.Putforwardaquestion→Analyzethequestion→Solvethequestion这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程。

2.Argument/Idea→Evidence→Conclusion/Restatingtheidea这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。

第三,体会文章语言特点,把握作者写作态度,准确进行推理判断。能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说,对作者的总的态度和倾向,必须在通读全文,掌握了论点和论据后,方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时,我们应注意,有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的,需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时,一定要遵循逻辑规律,以事实为依据进行合理的推理。

Task2文本微观剖析:细节探究

1.Choosethebestanswer.(1)Whatcausestheauthortothinkaboutthescienceseriously?A.Theresultofdestroyingthefuture.B.Thedestructionofpeople.C.Theexperienceofworkingontheatomicbomb.D.Theevilinvolvedinscience.

(2)WhatplaysakeyroleindecidingwhetherthescienceisgoodornotaccordingtoPara.3?A.Moralchoice.B.Scientificknowledge.C.Theinstructionswecarried.D.Thethingswemade.(3)Whichoneisnotthefeelingwhenweexploreaproblemdeeply?A.Thrill.

B.Worry.

C.Mystery.

D.Joy.(4)Whatarethescientistseagerfor?A.Ignorance. B.Doubt.C.Uncertainty. D.Freedom.答案:(1)～(4)CABD2.Rereadthepassageandfillintheblanks.

sciencethemoralchoiceexcitementdoubtuncertainty当我们足够深入地看待任何问题时知识越多(3)Neverconcernedthattheanswermayletusdown(状语),withpleasureandconfidenceweturnovereachnewstonetofindunimaginedstrangeness(主句)leadingontomorewonderfulquestionsandmysteries(现在分词作结果状语).

译文:我们从不担心这个(问题的)答案会让我们失望,带着愉悦和信心,我们翻开每一块新的石头,发现无法想象的陌生感,_________________________。带来更多奇妙的问题和谜团

Task3阅读思维升华:主题实践

1.Thisresultofsciencewasobviouslyveryserious—itrepresentedthedestructionofpeopleanditputourfutureatrisk.(criticalthinking批判性思维)___________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.Suchpowerhasobviousvalue;however,thepowerisdecidedbywhatonedoes.(criticalthinking批判性思维)__________________________________________________________________________

Weneedtotakethevalueofscienceseriously.Althoughitcanbenefitusalot,itcanalsodoharmtohumanbeings.Thescienceispowerful,butwhetheritcandousgooddependsonwhatonedoesbyit.Scientistsareconvincedthatfreedomplaysakeyroleintheprogressofscience,soitistheirdutytorecognizeandpreservethevalueoffreedom.要点精研·探究学习1.showoff显示,展示;炫耀,卖弄;使夺目,衬托

*Thisyear’s“Space”themewastrulyexcellentandshowedoffallofthestudents’creativetalent.今年的“空间”主题非常精彩,充分展示了同学们的创作才华。*Theplayerwasgivenhardlyanyopportunitiestoshowoffhistalents.那位选手几乎没有得到什么机会展示自己的天赋。

*IhadtostandinforheronTuesdaywhenshedidn’tshowup.她周二没来,我只好顶替她。*Wouldyoushowmearound?你可以带我参观一下吗?

【词块积累】showsb.around 带某人参观showup 暴露,显露;来到,露面showsb.in/out 带某人进来/出去cheerup (使)高兴起来pickup 拾起;接载;学会【即学活用】

(1)语法填空。①It’sbadmannerstoshow___yourwealthbeforeothers.②Showthevisitor__assoonashearrives.Don’tmakehimwaitaroundinthecorridor.③Whenherdinnerpartnershowed___,shealsopulledupachair.④Beforeyoustarttowork,I’llshowyou_____________thefactory.offinuparound/round(2)Thefingerprintsontheglass________(显现出来)duetothesunlight.

(3)Manysmallchildrenliketo________(炫耀)infrontoftheguests.

(4)Theguide________________________(带游客参观了)Tian’anmenSquareandthePalaceMuseumyesterday.

showupshowoffshowedthetouristsaround2.involvevt.牵涉,影响;包含;(使)参加*Ihadtoaskmyself,“Istheresomeevilinvolvedinscience?”我不得不问自己:“科学里是不是有罪恶?”*GreetingsinAsiancountriesdonotinvolvetouchingtheotherperson,buttheyalwaysinvolvethehands.亚洲人打招呼是不接触他人身体的,但经常会用到手。*I’dliketoinvolveyoumoreindealingwithclients.我想让你进一步参与同客户的交易。

*Doesyourworkinvolvealotofpaperfilingandtyping?你的工作是不是涉及很多文件入档案和打字的工作?

【词块积累】(1)involvesb.in(doing)sth. 使某人参与(做)某事;使某人牵扯到某事中involvedoingsth. 包括做某事;参与做某事(2)involved adj.复杂的;有牵连的,有关的get/beinvolvedin 被卷入……之中;热衷于,专心于【名师点津】

involved作前置定语时,意为“复杂的”;作后置定语时,意为“涉及的”。如theinvolvedstory复杂的故事,thepeopleinvolved所涉及的人。【即学活用】(1)语法填空。①Doctorshaveworkedoutchartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolved__variousevents.②Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolves________(spend)quitealotoftimewithstudents.③Therewasaseriousincident________(involve)agroupofyouths.=Therewasaseriousincidentwithagroupofyouths________(involve).④________(involve)inthecaraccident,thedriverhadnoalternativebuttostayandwaitforthepoliceman.inspendinginvolvinginvolvedInvolved(2)Itreallybenefitedmealottopreviewlessons,_________________________andreviewwhathadbeentaughtafterclass.

预习功课、积极参与课堂活动、课后复习老师所教的东西确实使我受益匪浅。getactivelyinvolvedinclass*Ican’ttakeallthecreditfortheshow’ssuccess—itwasateameffort.这个节目的成功不能全归功于我——那是团队的努力。*Totheircredit,thefourcountriesdoworktogetherinsomeareas,buttheystillhaveverydifferentinstitutions.值得赞扬的是,这四个国家确实在一些领域进行了合作,但它们的制度仍然非常不同。【词块积累】tosb.’scredit 为某人增光;值得赞扬oncredit 赊账creditcard 信用卡get/takecreditfor 因……而出名,获得荣誉givesb.creditfor 为……而称赞某人【即学活用】写出下列句子中credit的汉语释义。①Givingpubliccredittosomeonewhohasearneditisthebestleadershiptechniqueintheworld. _____②WordthatIwastrustworthyandhard-workinggotaroundtown.AlocalclothingstoreofferedmecreditalthoughIwasonlyinseventhgrade._____③Thelibraryhaslockersforstudentstostorecourseliterature.Whenyouhaveobtainedatleast40credits,youmayrentalocker. _____④Itwashardtocreditsomeofthestoriesweheardabouther.__________赞扬赊账学分信任;相信⑤Heisagreatyoungmanwhoisacredittohisfamilyandtohisschool.___________⑥What’sthecreditlimitonyourcreditcard? _________为……增光信用额度4.applyvt.&vi.应用;申请;涂;有关*Scientificknowledgeisanenablingpowertodoeithergoodorbad—butitdoesnotcarryinstructionsonhowtoapplyit.科学知识是一种有能力做好事或坏事的力量——但它没有说明如何应用它。*Thegovernmentappearstobeapplyingthesameprinciple.政府似乎在运用同样的原则。*InallthecitiesapplyingfortheWinterOlympicsin2022,Beijinghasmoreadvantagesoverothercities.在申请2022年的冬奥会的所有城市中,北京比其他城市更有优势。

*Scymanskihasappliedhimselftothistaskwithconsiderableenergy.赛曼斯基已经花了相当多的精力致力于这项任务。*Theymayapplytojointheorganization.他们可能申请加入该组织。【词块积累】(1)apply(tosb.)forsth.

(向某人)申请某事applysth.to 把……应用于……applytosb./sth. 适用于/运用于……

applyoneselfto(doing)sth. 集中精力做某事,专注于(2)application n.请求;申请;申请表;应用

applicant n.申请人

【名师点津】applyoneselfto,applyto,applysth.to等短语中的to为介词,后接名词、代词或v.-ing形式。【即学活用】(1)语法填空。①I’mapplying___apart-timejobinanoverseas-fundedcorporation.②Weshouldnotonlyknowthetheorybutalsohowtoapplyit__practice.③Thenewtechnology,if_______(apply)tofarming,willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.④Sincelastyear,hehasbeenapplyinghimselfto________(study)traditionalChinesemedicalscience.⑤Tomydelight,Iwaschosenfromhundredsof_________(apply)toattendtheopeningceremony.

fortoappliedstudyingapplicants(2)改写句子。Ifyouapplyyourselftothejobinhand,you’llsoonfinishit.①__________________________________________________(用现在分词短语作状语改写)

②_________________________________________(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

Applyingyourselftothejobinhand,you’llsoonfinishit.Appliedtothejobinhand,you’llsoonfinishit.5.ignorancen.无知;愚昧*Thescientisthasalotofexperiencewithignoranceanddoubtanduncertainty,andthisexperienceisofgreatimportance.科学家经常会经历无知、怀疑和不确定,而这种经历是十分重要的。*Theyfoughtalongbattleagainstprejudiceandignorance.他们同偏见与无知进行了长期的斗争。

*Wecannotaffordtoignoretheiradvice.我们不能不考虑他们的劝告。

*AtthattimeIwasignorantofeventsgoingonelsewhere.那时我并不了解其他地方发生的事情。

【词块积累】ignoreadvice/danger/facts 不听劝告/不顾危险/不顾事实beignorantof 不了解,不清楚,不知道ignorant adj.无知的;愚昧的hasignoredtoignoreignoranceignorant6.takeitforgranted想当然地认为;认为……是理所当然*Now,wescientiststakeitfor

grantedthatitisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow.现在,我们科学家理所当然地认为,活在世上并对许多事情不了解是完全合乎事理的。*Butoftentheyjustpassby,takingthehumantrafficsignalforgranted.但是大多数情况下,他们(司机)开着车就过去了,把人体交通标志视为理所当然。*Wemusttakeinto

considerationthattheschoollibraryhasnotpurchasednewbooksforalongtime.【词块积累】take...seriously 认真对待……take...intoconsideration 把……考虑在内takeiteasy 轻松点takeone’stime 慢慢来,不紧张【名师点津】

take...forgranted后接that从句作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,构成takeitforgrantedthat...结构。【即学活用】(1)语法填空。①Wetakehavinganendlesssupplyofcleanwater___granted.②Mostchildrentake__forgrantedthattheirparentsshouldprovideforthemwhatevertheyneed.③Don’ttakewhatshesaid________(serious)—shewasonlyteasing.(2)Thereisnohurry.Youcan_____________(慢慢来)doingyourhomework.

(3)“Just__________.(放轻松)”,doctorsaid.“You’llfeelbetterpresently.”

foritseriouslytakeyourtimetakeiteasy7.permitvt.&vi.

允许,准许,许可;使有可能

n.许可证*Visitorsarenotpermittedtotakephotographs.参观者请勿拍照。

*Wehopetovisitthecathedral,iftimepermits.如果时间允许,我们希望能参观一下主教堂。

*Shetookthecarwithoutpermission.她未经许可擅自使用了汽车。

*Heaskedpermissiontoleavetheroom.他请求准许离开房间。【词块积累】(1)permitdoingsth. 允许做某事permitsb.todosth. 允许某人做某事iftimepermits 如果时间允许(2)permission n.[U]允许,许可,批准havepermissiontodosth. 获得许可做某事

withone’spermission/withthepermissionofsb.

在某人的许可/准许下withoutpermission 未经许可【即学活用】(1)语法填空。①Wedonotpermit________(smoke)intheoffice.②Itwasannouncedthatonlywhenthefirewasundercontrolwouldtheresidents___________(permit)toreturntotheirhomes.

③We’llhaveapicnicatthebeach,weather__________(permit).④Asapunishment,shewasnotpermitted________(attend)anyschoolactivities.

⑤I’llseeyouafterthemeeting,iftime_______(permit).smokingbepermittedpermittingtoattendpermits⑥Shehadaskedthegovernmentfor__________(permit)tomovethebookstoasafeplace,buttheyrefused.

(2)Inourschool,nostudentcangooutoftheclassroom_________________(未经许可).

(3)Maryis______________________________(请求她母亲的许可)tomarryTom,sayingheisaresponsibleyoungman.

(4)__________________(天气允许的话),theywillgoclimbing.

permissionwithoutpermissionaskingforhermother’spermissionWeatherpermitting*GermanydeclaredwaronFranceon1August1914.德国在1914年8月1日向法国宣战。

*Hedeclaredthathewasinlovewithher.他声称他已爱上她。

【词块积累】declaresth./sb.tobe/as 宣布……为……declarethat-clause 宣布/宣称……declarewar(on/against...) (向……)宣战declarethemeetingopen/closed 宣布大会开幕/闭幕【名师点津】(1)declare指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布;宣告;声明”,侧重“当众”发表,多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。(2)announce指正式地“公开;发表;宣布”,侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情,尤指新闻之类的消息。【即学活用】(1)选词填空(declare/announce)。①Theschooloffice__________thatthesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.②AnItalianphysicianhas________thathewantstobethefirsttocloneahumanbeing.(2)Theteacher_______________________________

老师宣布他为我们的班长。(3)Thecountryhadnootherchoicebut_______________theirenemy.

这个国家没有其他选择,不得不向他们的敌人宣战。announceddeclareddeclaredhim(tobe/as)ourmonitor.todeclarewaron(4)OnAugust5,ourheadmaster________thesportsmeet_____.8月5日,我们的校长宣布运动会开幕。declaredopen9.Thefirstwayinwhichscienceisofvalueisfamiliartoeveryone:scientificknowledgeenablesustodoandmakeallkindsofthings.

科学有价值的第一种方式是大家都熟悉的:科学知识使我们能够做和制造各种各样的东西。【句式解构】句中的isofvalue=isvaluable含义是:有价值的。*Thebookisofgreatvalue.=Thebookisveryvaluable.这本书很有价值。*Thedictionaryisofgreatvaluetostudents.=Thedictionaryisveryvaluabletostudents.这本字典对学生们来说很有价值。【知识延伸】(1)“(be)of+名词”结构可用来说明主语在度量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征。这类名词有

colour,age,size,height,weight,shape,type,kind,quality等,名词前可用

different,thesame,a(n)等修饰。

(2)(be)of后可接

help,value,use,importance,significance,interest,benefit等抽象名词,用来说明主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义,意义相当于其同根形容词,这类名词前可用

great,much,little,any,some,no等修饰。beofgreatimportance=beveryimportant非常重要beofgreatvalue=beveryvaluable价值很大beofnouse=beuseless/benotuseful没有用处

importanceofofofhighqualitybeofgreatbenefitsofmuchuse(5)Heandhiswife__________________(想法一致):theybothwanttheirsontogotocollege.

(6)一句多译。你的支持对解决这个问题有很大的帮助。①Yoursupport_____________tothesolutionoftheproblem.

②Yoursupport_____________tothesolutionoftheproblem.

areofthesamemindisofgreathelpisveryhelpful*Thirstyandhungry,hewenttothefarmer’stoaskforsomethingtoeat.又渴又饿,他来到农夫那里要一些吃的。*Frightened,sheaskedmetogowithher.她吓坏了,要我跟她一起去。*Holmesfoundthemanlyingonthefloor,dead.福尔摩斯发现那人躺在地板上死了。*Foramomentshejuststoodthere,unabletobelievewhathadjusthappened.她在那里站了一会儿,无法相信刚才发生的事情。【知识延伸】(1)形容词短语作状语,说明主语的状况。(2)副词作状语,修饰整个句子,往往放于句首。

【即学活用】(1)语法填空。①________(addict)toreadinge-books,hefindsithardtofocusonhisstudy.②_________(obvious),heisnottellingthetruth.(2)孩子们万分兴奋,盼望着去野餐。译文:__________________________________________________________

(3)收到儿子的礼物,他又惊又喜。译文:_________________________________________

AddictedObviouslyFullofexcitement,thechildrenlookedforwardtogoingonapicnic.Hereceivedhisson’sgift,surprisedandhappy.课时素养评价十二Unit4

Extendedreading&Project【语用训练】Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Thecrowdsbecameviolentandthrewpetrol______(bomb)atthepolice.2.NoelandIdoeverythingtogether,andhe_______(involve)meineverything.3.Shenoticedthatonly$80,000hadbeen_______(credit)toheraccount.4.Ishould_____(apply)forthepostifIwereyou,andIthinkyoustandagoodchance.5.Peopledon’tliketoaskquestionsforfearofappearing________(ignorance).6.Childrenarenot_________(permit)intothecinemawithouttheirparents.

bombsinvolvescreditedapplyignorantpermittedlethimdownastoscientificknowledgetakeitforgrantedthecreditcardmoralchoiceⅢ.完成句子1.Don’thavethestudents______________.

不要让学生们整天学习。(现在分词作宾语补足语)2.Onthewall_______________________.

墙上挂着一幅美丽的画。(介词短语位于句首的倒装句)3._______________________,thegirlwasveryhappy.

由于被老师鼓励,这个女孩非常高兴。(过去分词作状语)4.Hearrivedhome,_______________.

他回到家里,又饿又累。(形容词作状语)studyingalldayhangsabeautifulpaintingEncouragedbytheteacherhungryandtired5.Shecouldnotentirely______________thearrangementsforhertravelling.

她不能全力以赴地安排自己的旅行。(applyoneselftosth.)6.They_______________tolearnersofEnglish.

它们对英语学习者有很大帮助。(beof+名词)applyherselftoareofgreathelp课文语法填空

Myexperienceofworking1.___theatomicbombmademereconsiderthevalueofthescience,2.______Ihadlongdevotedmyself3.___Firstly,4._________(science)knowledgeenablesustodoandmakeallkindsofthings.However,5._______wecanmakegoodthingsdependsnotonlyonthescience6.___alsothemoralchoice.Secondly,itcanprovideuswiththeintellectual7._________(enjoy),excitementandmystery8.________(include).Lastly,thescientisthasalotofexperiencewithignoranceanddoubtanduncertainty.Thisexperienceis9.__greatimportance.Inordertoprogress,wemustdeclareandrecognizethevalueof10.________(free).

onwhichto.scientificwhetherbutenjoymentincludedoffreedom【主题阅读】Ⅰ.阅读理解A (2020·西安高一检测)(The

New

York

Times,Oct.7)The2019NobelPrizeinphysiology(生理学)ormedicinewasjointlyawardedtothreescientists—WilliamG.KaelinJr.,PeterJ.RatcliffeandGreggL.Semenza—fortheirworkonhowcellssenseandadapttooxygenavailability.TheNobelAssemblyannouncedtheprizeattheKarolinskaInstituteinStockholmonMonday.Theirworkestablishedthegeneticmechanisms(机制)thatallowcellstorespondtochangesinoxygenlevels.Thefindingshaveimplications(启示)fortreatingavarietyofdiseases.

Whydidtheywin?“Oxygenisthelifebloodoflivingorganisms(生物体),”saidDr.GeorgeDaley,deanofHarvardMedicalSchool.“Withoutoxygen,cellscan’tsurvive.”Buttoomuchortoolittleoxygencanbedeadly.Thethreeresearcherstriedtoanswerthisquestion:Howdocellsregulatetheirresponses?Theinvestigatorsuncovereddetailedgeneticresponsestochangingoxygenlevelsthatallowcellsinthebodiesofhumansandotheranimalstosenseandrespondtofluctuations(波动),increasinganddecreasinghowmuchoxygentheyreceive.Whyistheworkimportant?

Thediscoveriesrevealthecellularmechanismsthatcontrolsuchthingsasadaptationtohighaltitudesandhowcancercellsmanagetohijack(攫取)oxygen.RandallJohnson,amemberoftheNobelAssembly,describedtheworkasa“textbookdiscovery”andsaiditwouldbesomethingstudentswouldstartlearningatthemostbasiclevelsofbiologyeducation.“Thisisabasicaspectofhowacellworks,andIthinkfromthatstandpointaloneit’saveryexcitingthing,”Johnsonsaid.

Theresearchalsohasimplicationsfortreatingvariousdiseasesinwhichoxygenisinshortsupply—includinganemia,heartattacksandstrokes—aswellasfortreatmentofcancersthatarefedbyandseekoutoxygen.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。2019年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖联合授予了三位科学家,他们发现了细胞如何感知并适应氧气供应。这是一项具有开创性的发现,为抗击贫血、癌症和许多其他疾病的新策略铺平了道路。

1.ThisresearchhaswontheNobelPrizemainlybecause______.

A.therewasnoresearchofthiskindinthepastB.oxygenisthelifebloodoflivingthingsC.ithasuncoveredhowcellssenseandrespondtochangesinoxygenlevelsD.variousdiseaseswillbecuredwiththehelpofthefindingsoftheresearch【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段可知这项研究之所以获得诺贝尔奖,主要是因为它揭示了细胞如何感知和响应氧气水平的变化。故选C。2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.

A.TheNobelPrizewasawardedtoaphysiologistonMondayinSweden.B.Cancercellsmanagetohijackoxygenandneedoxygentodevelop.C.Themoreoxygenthereisinblood,thehealthieralivingbodywillbe.D.Thegeneticmechanismshavebeenfoundthatallowoxygentoadapttocells.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第五段中可知,这些发现揭示了细胞机制,这些机制控制着对高海拔环境的适应,以及癌细胞是如何攫取氧气的。所以我们可以从文章中得知癌细胞设法攫取氧气并需要氧气来发育。故选B。3.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedwordinthetext?A.usedfortextbooksB.powerfulandauthoritativeC.typicalasaperfectexampleD.basicandclear【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据下文可知,它将是学生在最基础的生物教育阶段就开始学习的东西,所以RandallJohnson称这项研究是很典型的发现,是“教科书式的发现”。故可知画线单词意为“典型的”,故选C。4.InwhichpartofThe

New

York

Timescanyoufindthisarticle?A.Entertainment.

B.Culture.C.Technology. D.Science.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知,(《纽约时报》10月7日报道)2019年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖联合授予了三位科学家——WilliamG.KaelinJr.、PeterJ.Ratcliffe和GreggL.Semenza,以表彰他们在细胞感知和适应氧气供应方面所做的工作。根据文章的主要内容围绕他们的发现展开,可知你可以在《纽约时报》的科学版上找到这篇文章。故选D。【方法技巧】高考中词义猜测可以是一个单词的意义猜测,也可以是一个短语或句子的意义猜测,既可以是生词意义,也可以考查熟词新意;还可以是对替代词所替代内容的猜测。在阅读理解题中,所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,要根据短文提供的语境,通过阅读上下文语境来猜测。由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的,其词义与句中其他词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中,许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的单词、短语并结合具体的语境来猜测。如第3小题,根据下文itwouldbesomethingstudentswouldstartlearningatthemostbasiclevelsofbiologyeducation“它将是学生在最基础的生物教育阶段就开始学习的东西”,可知RandallJohnson称这项研究是很典型的发现,是“教科书式的发现”。故可知画线单词意为“典型的”,故选C。【文章大意】本文是说明文,介绍的是一种不需要实际注射,并且效果很好、易于操作、成本低、易于运输、无需冷藏的流感疫苗贴。5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Avaccinepatchthatcurespeopleoftheirflu.B.Aclinicalstudythatprotectspeoplefromdisease.C.Apatchthatmakesflushotsathingofthepast.D.Amethodthatmakestraditionalflushotspainless.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Aflushotthatdoesn’trequireanactualshot”、第三段中的“Thesetinyneedlesaresosmallthat100ofthem,arrangedinorderonapatch,canfitunderyourthumb.Yetthey’rebigenoughtoholdvaccineforthreetypesofflu.”及第四段最后一句等内容可知,本文介绍的是一种不需要实际注射并且效果很好的流感疫苗贴,这个新发明使以往的疫苗注射成为了过去。故选C。6.Whatdoweknowaboutthevaccinepatch?A.ItisproducedbytheWHO.B.Itcausesslightsideeffects.C.Itdeliversvaccinetothelittlefinger.D.Itworksbadlyon30%ofthevolunteers.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段可知,疫苗实验过程中,志愿者只是有轻微的副作用反应。故选B。7.ThenewpatchhasallthefollowingbenefitsEXCEPTthat______.

A.itisprovidedfreeofchargeB.itcanbeusedwithoutadoctorC.itcanbekeptatroomtemperatureD.itneedslesscareintransportation【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章内容可知这种疫苗贴的优点:易于操作,成本低,易于运输,不需冷藏,没有针头的浪费等,A项没有明确提到。故选A。8.WhatisKatjaandMaria’sattitudetowardsthenewshot?A.Cautious. B.Favorable.CAmbiguous. D.Disapproving.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,KatjaHoschler和MariaZambon认为这种疫苗贴有可能成为疫苗接种项目的理想候选,由此可见他们对疫苗贴是赞成的。故选B。【方法技巧】解答主旨大意题的主要方法是寻找主题句。寻找主题句的方法是略读法,即快速浏览首尾段、每段的首尾句,以及表达句段关系的连接性词语,特别是but,however,though(adv.然而),infact,therefore等。有时,没有体现段落或文章主旨的主题句,我们就要根据文章所述内容进行归纳和概括。

本题中的第5小题为主旨大意题,根据文章首句就可以判断。Butthere’saveryrealchancethatwewillbeabletobringbackmorerecentlyextinctspecies.

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In2003,ateamofSpanishandFrenchscientistsrecreatedthePyreneanibex,whichhadgoneextinctthreeyearsearlier.Thenewanimaldidn’tsurvivelong,butscientificadvancescouldimprovethesuccessrate.InJanuary,Australianscientistsannouncedthattheywereontheirwaytobringingbackthegastricbroodingfrog.

Thatwecanbringspeciesbackdoesn’tmeanthatweshoulddothat.Theremaybemuchbenefitofreviving(使复生)aspecies,butthere’snowaytoknowhowitwillturnout.

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Ormightitcrowdoutexistingspecies?

Environmentalistsworrythatourabilitytobringspeciesbackmightcutdownsupportforthehardworkoftraditionalconservation.

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Ifwecancorrectourmistake,whynotusethechancetodothat?AsStewartBrand,abusinessmanandenvironmentalist,recentlysaid,“Humanshavemadeahugeholeinnature.Wehavetheabilitynowtorepairsomeofthatdamage.”

A.DNAisthechemicalthatcarriesthestructureofalivingthing.B.ThiscouldevenincludeIceAgeanimalslikethewoollymammoth.C.However,youmightneedtoredefine(重新定义)“forever”.D.Thiscouldevenbetruetodinosaursthatwereextinctlongago.E.Forexample,wouldapassengerpigeonfitintoitsoldhabitat?F.However,somepeoplearguethattheextinctionofsomeanimalsisreallyourmistake