高中英语语法框架-详细总结

英语语法框架概

一、词法

>数量：10大类

>分类依据：形式特征、意义、句法作用

词类定义例词

名词Noun表示事物名称的词Market,people,water,information

代词Pronoun代替名词或名词所有格的词I,me,we,your,hers,all,nothing

实词动词Verb表示动作或状态的词Are,do,go,eat

Notional形容词Adjective表示人或事物性质特征的词Young,fast,excellent

word副词Adverb表示动作、状态、性质的程度的词Very,well,always

数词Numeral表示数目或顺序的词One,first,thousand

冠词Article名词前，说明名词含义A,an,the

虚词介词Proposition名词或代词之间，表关系Of,to,after,

Empty连词Conjunction连接，“关节”之意And,but,if

word感叹词Injection情感态度的词Oh,ah,well

二、句法

>分类方法：按成分、按类别

1.句子成分

成分充当词例句

名词NounThesungivesuslightandheat.

人称代词PersonalpronounWelovelife.

主语subject------物主代词PossessivepronounYourideaisgood,butmineisbetter.

“谁”"什么”指示代词DemonstrativepronounThisismyfavoriteteacher.

动作或状态的发出者疑问代词InterrogativepronounWhatisthemostimportantthinginyourlife?

不定代词IndefinitepronounNobodycanstopmestudying.

基数词CardinalnumeralTwoofyouaremybeststudents.

序数词OrdinalnumeralThesecondismysister.

形容词AdjectiveTheoldshouldbetakencareofinourcountry.

不定式InfinitiveTotalkiseasierthantodo.

动名词GerundHelpingotherscanbringushappiness.

从句clauseWhatyoudidisbetterthanwhatyousaid.

谓语predicate------实意动词NotionalverbWeplantoreviewourlessonsinthreemonths.

主语的动作或状态联系动词LinkingverbWeareChinese.

名词NounNowadaysmanyforeignersarelearningChinese.

宾语object------人称代词PersonalpronounHefoolsusall.

及物动词或及物动词短

语的对象或内容反身代词ReflexivepronounBelieveinyourself.

指示代词DemonstrativepronounIthankyouwilllikethis.

疑问代词InterrogativepronounWhoareyouwaitingfor?

不定代词InfinitivepronounTheygoteverythingtheywant.

物主代词PossessivepronounHeisanoldfriendsofhers.

相互代词ReciprocalpronounWeshouldleamtorespecteachother.

形容词AdjectiveThatnewswillmakemotherhappy.

副词AdverbLetmeshowyouout.

宾语补足语名词NounWechoseTomourmonitor.

objectcomplement------介词短语PrepositionalphraseJerryfoundhiminastrangeworld.

宾语之后，补充说明不定式InfinitiveDonotforcemetodoanythingIdon9tlike.

现在分词PresentparticipleDon'tkeepmewaitingtoolong.

过去分词PastparticipleTheyranawayandlefttheworkunfinished.

形容词AdjectiveThemountainsaregreen.

副词AdverbTimeisup.

指示代词DemonstrativepronounWhatIwantisthis.

疑问代词InterrogativepronounIwanderwhoyouare.

表语predictive------不定代词IndefinitepronounItisnothingserious.

说明主语，"补足语”基数词CardinalnumeralTwoplustwoisfour.

序数词OrdinalnumeralMymotherisalwaysthefirsttogetup.

介词短语PrepositionalphraseThewatchisjustunderthetable.

不定式InfinitiveMyjobistocleanthe2ad.

动名词GerundHisbobbyiscollectingstamps.

现在分词PresentparticipleTheresultisdisappointing.

过去分词PastparticipleWearedisappointed/oIheresult.

从句clauseThatiswhatIQmeans.

名词NounHeworksinacarfactory.

形容词AdjectiveNowtheworldisjustlikeasmallvillage.

副词AdverbThenativeIhereareveryfriendly.

物主代词PossessivepronounTheirinventionwontheworldprize.

指示代词DemonstrativepronounThesewildplantsarewellprotected.

定语attribute------疑问代词InterrogativepronounWhichriveristhelongestintheworld?

修饰名词或代词不定代词IndefinitepronounBothhisparentsaredoctors.

基数词CardinalnumeralTheorganizationcontainseighlcountries.

序数词OrdinalnumeralHewasthefifthplayertoreceivethehonor.

介词短语PrepositionalphraseManysecretsinspaceremainunknown.

不定式InfinitiveSoIhavenothingtosayformyself.

动名词GerundIboughtawalkingstickformygrandfather.

现在分词PresentparticipleTomgotinjuredbyafallingtree.

过去分词PastparticipleTheyreachedanoldhousebuilt200yearsago.

从句clauseThosewhodrinkwaterwillnotforgetthepeoplewho

digthewell.

名词NounLiMingisoneyearoldthanI.

形容词AdjectiveThetravelerscameback,safeandsound.

状语adverbial------副词AdverbThesonoftenwritetohisparents.

位置随意，修饰任意不定式InfinitiveMotherwenttobuysomethinginthemarket.

动词、副词、形容词现在分词PresentparticipleHestoodup,lookingatthebosscoldly.

从句、全句过去分词PastparticipleLedbythenatives,wefoundtheoldcastle.

介词短语PrepositionalphraseFromthespacetheastronautsawablueglobe.

从句ClauseWherethereissmoke,thereisfire.

独立主格nominativeabsoluteWeatherDermilling.wewillgofora

structure

同位语appositive------名词NounMissWu,ourEnglishteacher,iskindtous.

前名词、代词的具体内容代词PronounTheyeachhaveaPC.

数词NumeralIhavepreparedanicedinnerforyouIwo.

从句clauseWe'vegotthenewsthatourteamwnnthematch.

2.句子类别

>分类：按使用目的、按结构

（1）按使用目的：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句

类别例句

肯定句

AssertiveHisnamewasPangu.

sentence

陈述句Shebegansearchingforthatsomething.

Declarative否定句

sentenceNegativeIcannotagreewithyou.

sentence

Itdoesn'tmatter.

一般疑问句

GeneralDidItalywintheWorldCap?

question

Isthatfilminteresting?

疑问句特殊疑问句Whatisyourname?

QuestionSpecialWherecanyoufindtheanswer>

question

sentence

选择疑问句Areyouateacherorastudent?

AlternativeDoyoulikecoffeeortea?

question

反义疑问句Itisfineday,isn'tit?

DisjunctiveNooneacceptedyouroffer,didthey?

question

祈使句Donottakeeverythingforgranted!

imperativesentenceFollowme,please.

感叹句Whatagoodteacherheis!

exclamatorysentenceHowgoodateacherheis!

(2)按结构：简单句、并列句、复合句

类别例句

S+VIThesunrisesintheeast.

S+VT+OManyfamilieskeeppets.

简单句simplesentences+v+cChinaisstilladevelopingcountry.

5种基本类型S+VT+01+02Hesentmeane-mailyesterday.

S+VT+O+CMygirlalwaysmakesmehappy.

并列句HelikestowatchTVbutIliketoreadbooks.

CoordinatesentenceYoucandoyourhomeworkfirstandthenyoucanplaywithyourfriends.

主语从句subjectWhatyousaidistrue.

名词性从句宾语从句objectYouknewthatbeautyshouldbenatural