江苏省南通市海安市2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题

2024届高三期初学业质量监测试卷英语注意事项考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求1.本试卷共10页，满分150分，考试时间为120分钟。考试结束后，请将答题卷交回。2.答题前，请您务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔填写在答题卷上。3.请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、考试证号与你本人的是否相符。4.作答选择题必须用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。作答非选择题必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米的签字笔写在答题卷上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律无效。第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面的5段对话。每段对话后都有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whywasthemanlateforwork?A.Hewasstuckintraffic.B.Hehadatrafficaccident.C.Hiscarbrokedownontheroad.2.Whatdoesthemanlikeaboutthenewshop?A.Thelocation. B.Theassistants. C.Theclothes.3.Whatisthemandoing?A.Placinganorder. B.Askingaboutanitem. C.Requestingadeliveryservice.4.WhomightLilybe?A.Thewoman'sbabysitter. B.Thewoman'sboss. C.Thewoman'schild.5.Whatdoesthewomanagreetodo?A.Changeseats. B.Calloffhertrip. C.Travelonadifferentday.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howdoesthewomandescribethefurniturestore?A.Therearegoodsofahighquality.B.Therearegoodbargainsonsale.C.Theysellgoodsonlineaswell.7.Whatwillthemandofirst?A.SurftheInternet. B.Gotothestore. C.pareprices.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthemorning. B.Atnoon. C.Intheafternoon.9.Whydoesn'tthemangototheconferenceroomnow?A.Heneedstomeettheclients.B.Heisworkingonanothertask.C.Hehascheckedtheheaterbefore.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Thewoman'scousin. B.Theirweekendplans. C.Alocalband.11.Whoisthewomanscheduledtomeet?A.Arelative. B.Abandmember. C.Aconcertorganizer.12.Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?A.ConvinceJane.B.Payforthetickets.C.Findouttheavailabilityoftickets.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whathappenedtothewomanatthebeginning?A.Shelostherphone.B.Shecouldn'tfindtheway.C.Shewastrappedinheavysnow.14.Howdidthewomankeepwarm?A.Byhavingmoreclotheson.B.Byusingthecarheater.C.Bydrinkinghottea.15.Whydidthewomanturnofftheengine?A.Itbrokedown.B.Shestoppedtoansweracall.C.Thecarwasrunningoutofgas.16.Whatdidtheemergencyservicesdo?A.Theycalledanambulance.B.Theyledthewomantoherhome.C.Theyhelpedthewomangotothemainroad.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhatkindofplaceisOldsville?A.Anoilfield. B.Atouristarea. C.Adesertedtrainstation.18Whatcantouristsseerightbesidethetrack?A.Desertplants. B.Trees. C.Animals.19.Whatdoweknowaboutthebridge?A.Itisdangerous. B.Itisoveradeepriver. C.Itismadeofwood.20.Wherecantouristsgetdrinks?A.Fromastore. B.Fromthespeaker. C.Fromamachine.第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANashvilleTNWeletoyourMusicCityvacationplanningcenter,whereyoucanmakereservationsforlodging,activities,diningandmore!Youcanmeettoday'shotteststarsandcountrymusiclegendsattheGrandOleOpry,cruisetheCumberlandaboardtheGeneralJacksonShowboatDinnerCruiseortourthesights!ClassicMusicCityAttractionsWhenonethinksofMusicCity,thereareseveralattractionsthatimmediatelyetomind,namelytheGrandOleOpry,TheGeneralJacksonShowboatDinnerCruise,andtheRymanAuditorium.SomeofthemostamazingstarshavetakenthestageattheGrandOleOpry.AnotherhistoricvenueinMusicCityistheRymanAuditorium.Aswellasattendingconcertsandshows,visitorstotheRymancantakeleisurelytourstolearnallaboutthehistoryoftheperformingcenter.ArchitecturalWondersAsoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesintheUnitedStates,itisnowonderthatthiscityishometosomeofthemostimpressivepiecesofarchitecture.Fromlandmarkstouniversitiesandeverythinginbetween,thosewhohaveapassionforhistoryaresuretohaveanamazingtimeexploringtheseplaces.MusicCityArt&MuseumsForthosewholoveart,theFristCenterisamusthaveactivity.Thisartmuseumfeaturesapproximately24,000sqftfilledwithavarietyofexhibitionsanddisplaysthataresuretoimpress.Thisnonprofitcenterisopensevendaysaweekandfeaturesrotatingexhibitssothere'ssomethingnewwitheachvisit.Shopping,Dining&MoreDowntownisamongthemostpopularareasofthecityasitholdssomeofthegreatestattractionsandmore.East,theevergrowingregionisabustling(熙攘的)placetovisitwhileinMusicCity!Fromaneclecticatmospheretohistoriclandmarksandmore.Fromlocaldeliciouseatstobreweriesandshoppingopportunities,thisneighborhoodiswellworthavisit!21.InNashvilleTN,visitorscan.A.haveachancetoperformonthestage.B.exploresomeimpressivehistoricbuildings.C.meetsomehotstarsandpickupfictionstories.D.goshoppinginDowntown,themostpopulararea.22.WhatisspecialabouttheFristCenter?A.Liveconcertscanbeenjoyed.B.ItisthelargestmuseuminNashvilleTN.C.Thecenterisaccessibleeverydayexceptonholidays.D.Visitorscangetdifferentvisitingexperienceseverytime.23.What'sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TointroducethecityofNashvilleTN.B.Tohelppeopletotailorvacationplans.C.Toarousevisitors'interestinmusicandart.D.ToremindvisitorsofprotectingNashvilleTN.BBlackstudentsreportedfacingbarriersthatpreventthemfrompletingtheirundergraduatestudiesinsixyearsorless,regardlessofthetypeofcertificateordegreeprogram,accordingtoresearchpublishedThursdaybyGallupandtheLuminaFoundation.ThemostsignificantfactorscontributingtothelowerratesamongBlackstudents,thestudyfound,wereexperiencingactsofdiscriminationandmanagingmultipleprioritiesthatcaninterferewithpletingcoursework.Thereportpileddatainfall2022from6,008collegestudentsacrossdifferentcertificationanddegreeprograms,including1,106Blackstudents.21%ofBlackrespondentssaidtheyfeltdiscriminatedagainstfrequentlyoroccasionallyparedto15%ofotherstudents.Blackstudentswerealsomorelikelytohavesharedthattheyfeltdisrespectedorpsychologicallyunsafeataninstitutionwhilelearning.28%ofBlackstudentswhoattendedaninstitutionwithlittlediversityfeltphysicallyunsafe,while26%feltdisrespectedand27%feltpsychologicallyunsafe.ManagingmultipleprioritieswasanotherfactorinterferingwithBlackstudents'educationgoals.Thereportfoundthat22%ofBlackstudentsoverallhavecaregivingresponsibilities,paredto11%ofstudentsinotherracialgroups,and20%ofBlackstudentsoverallhavefulltimejobs,paredto11%ofotherracialgroups.Asidefromdiscriminationandthetaskofmanagingresponsibilities,thedataalsoacknowledgedotherbarriersmakingitdifficultforBlackstudentstopletetheireducation,includingthehighcostsofattendingschool.AnApril2022reportbyTheEducationTrustfoundthatbecauseBlackwomenfallwithintwomarginalizedgroups,theymakelessmoneyandoftenhavetotakeoutmoreloanstocoverthecostofattendingcollege.24.Whichfactorcan'tleadtothelowerrateofpletingeducationamongblackstudentsdirectly?A.Managementofmultiplepriorities. B.Experiencesofdiscrimination.C.Thetypesofcertificateordegreeprograms. D.Highcostsofattendingschool.25.Howdidtheresearcherdrawtheconclusion?AByreferringtopreviousstudies. B.Bymakingsomeparisons.C.Byexplainingcausesandeffects. D.Byanalyzingrespondents'psychology.26.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.About21%ofBlackstudentsfeeldiscriminatedagainstfrequently，B.Blackstudentsfeeldiscriminatedmainlyduetophysicalinsecurity.C.Blackstudentshavetotakefulltimejobsforlackofaccesstoloans.D.Theblackfemalestudentsmaybeinthemostdisadvantagedposition.27.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthephenomenonreferredtointhepassage?A.Objective. B.Favorable. C.Critical. D.Concerned.CAnewstudyrevealsnewcluesaboutthesubtle(微妙的)butpreviouslypoorlyunderstoodevolutionarydancehappeningbetweentemperaturesandchangesinthesizeofanimalbodyparts.Thenewresearchoffersimportantinsightsabouthowbirdsmayadapttotherapidriseintemperaturesdrivenbyglobalclimatechange.ForthestudyinNaturemunications,theresearcherslookedatnearly7,000speciesofterrestrialnonmigratorybirds—whichisnearlytwothirdsofallbirdspecies—andfocusedonhowbirdspecieshasevolvedinambienttemperature(温度的梯度)andotherfactorsofselection.Twowidelyaccepted“rules”inbiologyindicatethataslocaltemperatureschange,animalsarelikelytoadjustheattransfercapabilitiesbychangingthesizeoftheirbodiesandextremities(四肢).BiologistCarlBergmann'srulestatesthatcolderclimatesspawnbiggerbodiesbecausetheyhelpkeepheatwhilesmallerbodieshelpshedit.Asaresult,apolarbearismorethan21/2timesastallattheshoulderasasunbearfromequatorialregions.ZoologistJoelAsaphAllen'sruledealswithextremities,suchaslimbs,ears,andbeaks,statingthatanimalsincolderclimatestendtohavesmallerextremitiesbecauseextremitiestendtohavemoresurfacethanvolumeandareuniquelysuitedtoshedheat.Forexample,arctichareshaveevolvedshortlegsandears,whereasdesertjackrabbitshaveevolvedverylonglegsandears.“Theproblemisthateverythingweknowaboutecologytellsusthatchangingthesizeofbodiesandextremitiescanbeproblematic,”saysleadauthorCarlosBotero,anassociateprofessorofintegrativebiologyattheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Forexample,ifbodysizedecreases,birdsmaynotbeabletohuntthesamefoodastheirancestors.Similarly,iftheaveragesizeorshapeofabillchanges,birdsmaybeelessefficientforagers(觅食者)orhavetroubleproducingtypicalmatingcalls.Itisnotsurprisingthatmanypriorstudieshavefailedtofindevidenceforthesepredictionsandthatthesesocalledbiologicalrulesarecurrentlycontroversial.ThenewstudycouldclarifythatdebatebyshowingthatalthoughthepatternsthatBergmannandAllenpredictedoccurinthewild,thetwoseparatemechanismsplementeachother.28.Whatisthenewstudyabout?A.Thetworulesproposedbypreviousresearchers.B.Thedifferencesbetweenanimalsincoldandwarmareas.C.Theeffectglobalclimatechangehasonanimals'foraging.D.Thewaybirdsevolveinresponsetotherisingtemperature.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spawn”inparagraph4probablymean?A.makefor B.bringin C.arisefrom D.wipeout30.Accordingtothepassage,thebirdsinthecolderareastendtohave.A.biggerbodiesandlongerlegs. B.biggerbodiesandshorterlegs.C.smallerbodiesandlongerlegs. D.smallerbodiesandshorterlegs.31.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thetworuleswithseparatemechanismsarecontradictory.B.Thenewstudybinesthepriorstudiesandthetworules.C.Thenewstudyprovidessupportingevidenceforthetworules.D.ThetworulesshowanimalschangethebodysizetokeepheatDU.S.forestscouldworsenglobalwarminginsteadofeasingitbecausetheyarebeingdestroyedbynaturaldsastersandarelosingtheirabilitytoabsorbplanetwarminggasesastheygetolder,anewAgricultureDepartmentreportsays.U.S.forestscurrentlyabsorb11percentofU.Scarbonemissions,or150millionmetrictonsofcarbonayear,equaltothebinedemissionsfrom40coalpowerplants,thereportsays.Itpredictsthattheabilityofforeststoabsorbcarbonwillstartfallingquicklyafter2025andthatforestscouldemitupto100millionmetrictonsofcarbonayearastheiremissionsfromrottingtreesexceedtheircarbonabsorption.Forestscouldbeea“substantialcarbonsource”by2070,theUSDAreportsays.ThepredictionsuggeststhatthelossofforestsasanaturalcarbonabsorberwillrequiretheU.S.tocutemissionsmorerapidlytoreachnetzero,saidLynnRiley,aseniormanagerofclimatescienceattheAmericanForestFoundation.“Tenpercentofourdomesticemissions.Thatisareallysignificantportion,”Rileysaid.“Asweworktodecarbonize...forestsareoneofthegreatesttoolsatourdisposal.Ifweweretolosethat,itmeanstheU.S.willcontributethatmuchmoreinemissions.”Thelossofcabonabsorptionisdriveninpartbynaturaldisasterssuchaswildfires,tornadoesandhurricanes,whichareincreasinginfrequencyandstrengthasglobaltemperaturesrise.Thedisastersdestroyforestland,disruptingtheirecosystemanddecreasingtheirabilitytoabsorbcarbon,Rileysaid.Exploitationofforestedareas,whichthereportprojectswillcontinuetoincrease,ishavingthesameeffectaspeopleincreasinglymovetothesocalledwildandurbaninterface.Thetrees'abilitytoabsorbcarbonweakensovertime.Older,maturetreesabsorblesscarbonthanyoungertreesofthesamespecies,andtheU.S.forestsarerapidlyaging,thereportfound.Moreaggressiveforestmanagementcanhelpbycuttingdownasmallportionofagingforeststomakewaysforyoungertreesthatabsorbmorecarbon,Rileysaid.Athoroughstudyofeachforestshouldbedonebeforeremovingoldertrees,Rileysaid,paringforestmanagementtoprescribingtheproperdugstoapatient.32.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Coalpowerplantsemit150millionmetrictonsofcarboneveryyearB.Cuttingdownalloldertreesisaneffectivewaytosolvetheproblem.C.Anewstudyofforestshouldbeconductedafterremovingoldertrees.D.Forestsarelikelytoshiftfromacarbonabsorbertoanemissionsource.33.WhatcanweinferfromwhatRileysaidinparagraph3and4?AForestsplayacrucialroleinholdingcarbon.B.Forestsarenolongeranaturalcarbonabsorber.C.TheU.Smakescontributionstodecarbonization.D.Achievingnetzeroemissionsiswithineasyreach.34.ThefollowingfactorscancausethelossofcarbonabsorptionEXCEPT.A.agingforests B.naturaldisastersC.globalwarming D.developmentofforests35.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.CuttingCarbonHelpsSlowGlobalWarming.B.GlobalWarmingIsBeingWorseGradually.C.ForestsAreLosingTheirAbilitytoHoldCarbon.D.PlantingMoreTreesIsatTheTopofTheAgenda.第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheWorldBookDay,alsocalledWorldBookandCopyrightDay,fallsonApril23rd.36..Readingextensivelyexposesyoutonewideasandknowledge,improvesyourconcentrationandmemory,andenhancesyourcreativityandcriticalthinkingskills.Despitetheimportanceofreading,manystudentstodaydon'thaveagoodhabitofreading.Thereareafewreasonsforthis:lackoftimeandmotivation,abundanceofdigitaldistractionsandfailuretosticktoreading.However,thesechallengescanbeoverewithyourconsciousefforts.First,youneedtomaketimeforreadingbylimitingtimespentonsocialmediaorotherleisureactivities.Startwithjust1530minutesadayofreadingandyoucanworkyourwayuptolongersessions.37.Manylibrariesalsohavedigitalbookoptionsifyoupreferereadersoraudiobooks.Second,buildthehabitbyschedulingreadingtimeeachdayandstickingtoit.38..Evenjusthavingaregularroutineoncertaindaysoftheweek,suchasreadingMondaytoFridayafterdinnerforexample,canhelpyoucement(巩固，加强)itasahabit.Finally,trackyourprogresstostayontrack.Setmonthlyreadinggoalstoachieveandrecordthebooksyouread，howlongthesessionswereandanykeyinsightsgained.Itisatraditionalwaytowriteonanotebook.39..Bymakingreadingapriority,limitingdistractions,settingaregularschedule,andtrackingyourprogress,youcansuccessfullydevelopthehabitofreading.40..Sotakethefirststeptocultivatethisimportanthabittoday.Yourfutureselfwillsurelythankyouforit.A.Todayusinganappmaymakeiteasiertoachieve.B.Thegoalofthedayistoengagepeopleinreading.C.Habitsareformedthroughconsistencyandrepetition.D.Developingahabitofreadingisparticularlyimportant.E.Protectingthecopyrightislikelytobethefocusoftheday.F.Alifelongloveofreadingwillenrichyourlifeinsomanyways.G.Findbooksyouaregenuinelyinterestedintohelpbuildmotivation.第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ThefirstcablecaroriginatedfromSanFrancisco.Theywereinventedbeforetheautomobileinthedayswhenhorsedrawnstreetcarswerethepopularpublictransportation.Oneday,AndrewHallidie,whosefatherwastheinventorofthewirerope,witnessedaterrible41.involvingastreetcarforwhichitwasthat42..theideaofthecablerailway.Hewaswanderingaroundthestreetwhenhenoticedahorsestrugglingto43.thestreetcarupJacksonStreet.It’s44.andwasdraggedbackdownahill,passengersandgoods45.outofthecarriage.ThisscenetriggeredHallidietofinda46.waytotransportpeopleandthings.Backhome,Hallidie47.strandsofwireropestomakewirecables,believingthecableswouldbe48.enoughtopullthecablecars.Thenhefoundsomeonetohelphim49.thecars,withdifficultybutsuccessfully.HealsomanagedtogetthehelpofWilliamE.Eppelsheimer,aGermanengineer,who50.thefirstcablecarline.Finally,Hallidieobtainedaformal51.fromalawyernamedBenjaminBrookstobuildavalidsystem.August2,1873sawthefirsttrialofthecablecar.Originally,Hallidiehiredagripmantooperatethecar.Butafterlookingdownthe52.hill,themanrefusedfirmly.Hallidiedecidedto53.itbyhimselffromJonesStreettoKearneyStreetbywayofClayStreet,knownastheClayStreetHilllinetoday.Aboutonemonthafterthetestrun,theLineopenedfor54.use.Fromthenon,otherlinesopenedinSanFranciscoaswellasinotherU.Scitiesandcitiesoverseas.Tillnow,SanFranciscoistheonlycitywherethecablecarstill55..41.A.accident B.horse C.quarrel D.game42.A.reminded B.conceived C.recalled D.convinced43.A.catch B.push C.kick D.pull44.A.slipped B.slid C.ran D.jumped45.A.collapsing B.falling C.erupting D.unfolding46.A.wiser B.rougher C.safer D.broader47.A.twisted B.revised C.fixed D.divided48.A.long B.thick C.rough D.strong49.A.manufacture B.sell C.design D.advertise50.A.tookon B.pulledup C.builtup D.laidout51.A.announcement B.permission C.mitment D.appointment52.A.wide B.steep C.primitive D.remote53.A.fetch B.drag C.drive D.direct54.A.public B.personal C.outside D.external55.A.hatches B.refreshes C.operates D.casts第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TorchfestivaloftheEthnicminorityTheTorchFestival,thegrandestfestivaloftheYipeople,isheldaroundthe24thdayofthesixthmonthofthelunarcalendar.TheYipeoplethinkfirepossessesasuperhumanpower56.candriveawayevilandfrightenoffghosts.Theyhave57.aspecialrelationshipwithfirethattheycallthemselvesthe“firenationality”.Duringthefestival,torches,2030cm58.diameter,areplaceduprightinfrontofhouses.Attheentrancetothevillages,agrand“torchtower”,standingmorethan20metreshighand59.(make)ofpinebranchesanddryfirewood,60..(decorate)withfreshflowersandfruits.Atlast,withexpectationandwishes61.(e)thelongawaitedmoment.Afterdinner,asdarknesscastsitsshadow,youngandold,62.(dress)intheirmostceremonialandsplendidcostumesdecoratedwithsparklingornaments,rush63.(excite)tothe“torchtower”square.Cheersandscreamsofdelightburstfromthecrowd,whilethesoaringflamesbrightenthedarknessofthenightandwarmeveryonepresentatthescene.Onsuchabrilliantandmarvelousnight,the64.(participate)areoverjoyedbythegrandspectacleandtheatmosphereofcelebration.Youngmenandwomensinganddancehandinhandaroundthebonfire65.(express)theirgratitudeforalifeofplentyandgoodwishesfortheingyear.第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）66.假如你是李华，你向校报英文版投稿，介绍当下出现的外国人学汉语的热潮的相关情况，内容要点如下：1.简单介绍该现象；2.该现象产生的原因。要求：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearEditor,▲▲▲▲