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INDUSTRIES

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MARKETSLab-growndiamondindustryCHAPTER

01NaturaldiamondoverviewProductionvolumeofroughdiamondsworldwidefrom2005to2021(inmillioncarats)Globalproductionvolumeofroughdiamonds2005-202120017717618016014012010080168163152147139130128128127125126123120116111604020020052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021*3Description:In2005,theworldwideproductionvolumeofroughdiamondsstoodatapproximately177millioncaratsintotal.Morethanadecadelater,in2021,productionhaddecreasedto116millioncarats.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2005to2021;*Estimated.ThisstatisticwasassembledfromseveralBain&Co.publications.ReadmoreSource(s):Bain&Company;KimberleyProcess;Varioussources(companydata,experts)Valueofpolisheddiamondsworldwidefrom2009to2022(inbillionU.S.dollars)Polisheddiamondvalueworldwide2009-2022302527.727.826.5726.6925.225.124.724.8124.523.6232220.9201510518.50200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120224Description:In2022,thetotalglobaldemandvalueofnewpolisheddiamondsamountedto27.8billionU.S.dollars,upbyapproximately100millionU.S.dollarsfromthepreviousyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2009to2022;demandvaluefornewpolisheddiamonds.Source(s):DeBeersProductionvolumeofdiamondsworldwidein2022,bycountry(inmillioncarats)Globaldiamondproductionbycountry2022Productionvolumeinmillioncarats10

15

20052530354045Russia41.92Botswana24.51CanadaDemocraticRepublicoftheCongoSouthAfrica16.259.919.668.76AngolaZimbabwe4.46NamibiaLesothoSierraLeoneTanzania2.050.730.690.38BrazilGuineaCentralAfricanRepublicGuyana0.160.130.120.085Description:In2022,Russiaproducedsome41.92millioncaratsofdiamonds,thusmakingRussiabyfartheworld'slargestdiamondminingcountry.Atthattime,BotswanaandCanadarankedsecondandthird,withaproductionof24.5and16.3millioncaratsofdiamonds,respectively.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):KimberleyProcessProductionvolumeofdiamondsworldwidein2021,bypoliticalstabilityofproducercountriesandtype(inmillioncarats)Productionvolumeofdiamondsglobally2021,bypoliticalstabilityofproducersGemstonequalitydiamonds68.96Industrialdiamonds8070605040302010037.9334.7325.6310.42.67Extremelyunstable00StableFairUnstable6Description:In2021,countriesthatwereclassifiedaspoliticallyunstableaccountedforthelargestglobalproductionshareofbothgemstonequalitydiamondsandindustrialdiamonds.Nearly38millioncaratsofgemstonequalitydiamonds,andnearly25.6millioncaratsofindustrialdiamondswereproducedinpoliticallyunstablecountriesthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021Source(s):BMLRT(Österreich)CHAPTER

02Lab-growndiamondoverviewMarketvalueoflab-growndiamondsworldwidein2021,withaforecastfor2030(inbillionU.S.dollars)Globalmarketvalueoflab-growndiamonds2021-20306050403051.920.32010020212030*8Description:Themarketvalueoflab-growndiamondsamountedtomorethan20billionU.S.dollarsin2021.Lab-growndiamondsareexpectedtowitnessasignificantincreaseinmarketvalueby2030,tonearly52billionU.S.dollars.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021;*Forecastbasedonamarketvalueincreaseof9.8percentfrom2022to2030.

ReadmoreSource(s):MarkWideResearchDiamondmarketshareoflab-growndiamondsworldwidefrom2016to2030Globalmarketshareoflab-growndiamonds2016-203012%10%8%10%6%3.8%4%3%2.3%2%1.8%20171.7%20162%0%20182019*2020*2021*2030*9Description:Lab-growndiamondsaregaininganincreasingshareoftheglobaldiamondmarketeachyear,withthemarketshareexpectedtoamounttotenpercentin2030.Lab-growndiamonds,alsoknownassyntheticdiamonds,havethesamephysicalpropertiesofnaturaldiamondsbecausetheyarecreatedinalabusingtechnologythatreplicatesthenaturaldiamondgrowingprocess.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2016to2018;*Forecast.ReadmoreSource(s):IGDASelectedfiguresaboutlab-growndiamondproductionworldwidein2020Lab-growndiamondsselectedproductionfigures2020Lower

rangeUpper

rangeGlobalproductionvolume(inmillioncarats)China'sshareofglobalproduction(inpercent)67506010Description:Betweensixandsevenmillioncaratsoflab-growndiamondswereproducedworldwidein2020.Ofthatamount,Chinamanufacturedbetween50and60percent,usinghigh-pressure,high-temperaturetechnology.ThoughChinaisthelargestproduceroflab-growndiamonds,theUnitedStateshastheworld'slargestretailmarketforlab-growndiamonds,withChinaasadistantsecond.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2020Source(s):AWDC;Bain&CompanyCHAPTER

03ProductionNaturalandsyntheticgemdiamondproductionworldwidein2015and2025(inmillioncarats)*Globalsyntheticandnaturalgemdiamondproduction2015&20252015**2025***7062605040302010056555461Naturalproduction(mineddiamonds)SyntheticproductionTotal12Description:Thisstatisticshowstheestimatednaturalandsyntheticgemqualitydiamondproductionworldwidein2015,withaforecastedfigurefor2025.Itisforecastedthatin2025naturaldiamondproductionwillbesome56millioncaratsworldwideandthatsyntheticdiamondproductionwillamounttosixmillioncarats.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;*Gemdiamondsrefertojewelryqualitydiamonds,asopposedtoindustrialdiamondsthatareusedindustriallyfortheirabrasivequality.**Estimated.***Forecast.

ReadmoreSource(s):PaulZimniskyNaturalandsyntheticindustrialdiamondproductionworldwidein2015and2025(inmillioncarats)*Globalsyntheticandnaturalindustrialdiamondproduction2015&20252015**2025***6,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,0005,0004,5001001000Naturalproduction(mineddiamonds)****Syntheticproduction13Description:Thisstatisticshowstheestimatednaturalandsyntheticdiamondproductionforindustrialpurposesworldwidein2015,withaforecastedfigurefor2025.Itisforecastedthatin2025naturaldiamondproductionforindustrialuseswillbelessthan100millioncaratsworldwideandthatsyntheticindustrialdiamondproductionwillamounttofivebillioncarats.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;*Abrasivequalityindustrialdiamonds.**Estimated.***Forecast.****Lessthan100millioncarats.ReadmoreSource(s):PaulZimniskySyntheticindustrialdiamondproductionworldwidefrom2013to2020(inmillioncarats)Syntheticindustrialdiamondproductionworldwide2013-202020,00017,40017,40018,00016,00014,00012,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,000015,50014,60014,60014,60014,60014,3002013201420152016201720182019202014Description:In2020,theglobalproductionofsyntheticindustrialdiamonds(alsoknownaslab-growndiamonds)wasestimatedtohavebeensome14.6billioncarats.Industrialdiamondsarediamondsthatareusedforindustrialpurposes,suchasfortheirabrasiveproperties,ratherthanasgemstonesinjewelry.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2013to2020Source(s):USGeologicalSurveyLab-growndiamondproductionworldwidein2020,byregion(inmillioncarats)Lab-growndiamondproduction2020,byworldregionProductioninmillioncarats1.50.00.51.02.02.53.033.5ChinaIndia1.5UnitedStatesSingapore11EuropeandMiddleEastRussia0.50.215Description:Betweensixandsevenmillioncaratsoflab-growndiamondswereproducedworldwidein2020.Ofthatamount,Chinamanufacturedbetween50and60percent,usingmainlythehigh-pressure,high-temperaturetechnology.Indiawasthesecondlargestlab-growndiamondproducerthatyear,havingproducedapproximately1.5millioncarats.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2020;allfiguresareapproximateSource(s):AWDC;Bain&Company;Varioussources(companydata,expertinterviews,publicationanalysis)CHAPTER

04PricePriceoflab-growndiamondsasashareofnaturaldiamondpricesfromQ42017toQ42020bychannel(inpercent)Lab-growndiamondpriceinproportiontonaturaldiamondsbychannelQ42017-Q42020RetailpriceWholesaleprice70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%65%55%50%50%35%20%20%20%Q42017Q42018Q42019Q4202017Description:Thepricediscountsoflab-growndiamondsrelativetomineddiamondsdecreasedbythefourthquarter(Q4)of2020.Bythattime,theretailpriceoflab-growndiamondswasaround35percentoftheretailpricefornatural/mineddiamonds,andthewholesalepriceoflab-growndiamondswasjust20percentofthewholesalepricefornaturaldiamonds.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;Q42017toQ42020Source(s):Bain&Company;ThomsonReuters;Varioussources(Retailers'websites)Pricedifferenceoflab-createddiamondsfromnaturaldiamondsfrom2016to2023,byweight(inU.S.dollars)Naturalandsyntheticdiamondspricedifference2016-2023,byweightQ4

2016130514905250620010600121250Q4

201711701425451559258450120500Q4

2018875Q4

2019700Q4

2020585Q4

2021640Q4

2022555Q1

20235800.5caratlab0.5caratnatural1caratlab15003675632565501275001260270056264985123250143013901235125519451745148514351caratnatural1.5caratlab585062155620563537403370278524451.5caratnatural3caratlab1237519950630001422513580667501392511095670001362590653.0caratnatural00007212518Description:In2022,lab-createddiamondsthatweighed1.5caratscostlessatover1400,U.S.dollarswhencomparedwithnaturaldiamondsatacostofmorethan5600,U.S.dollars.Since2016,thepricesoflaboratorydiamondshaveincreasedwhereasthepricesofnaturaldiamondshavedecreasedeachyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2016to2023Source(s):OnlyNaturalDiamonds;PaulZimniskyRetailpriceofLightbox'slabgrowndiamondsasof2023bycaratsize(inU.S.dollars)LabgrowndiamondretailpriceofLightbox2023,bycaratsize1,8001,6001,4001,2001,0008001,6001,5001,20080060060040040020002001/2carat1/4carat3/4caratOnecarat1.5caratsTwocaratsLightboxFinest(percarat)19Description:Theretailpriceofone-caratdiamondsfromtheDeBeers-ownedlabgrowndiamondscompanyLightboxstoodatsome800U.S.dollarsasof2023.Thiscompany'slabgrowndiamondoffersincludeonequarter,half,threequartercarat,onecarat,1.5carats,twocarats,andsoon.Thecompanyalsohasapremiumcategorythathasahigherprice,calledLightboxFinest.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023Source(s):LightboxPricedifferenceoflab-createddiamondsfromnaturaldiamondsintheUnitedStatesasofSeptember2023,bycostcategory(inpercent)NaturalandsyntheticdiamondspricedifferenceinU.S.2023Pricedifference-150%Roughcost-100%-50%0%50%100%150%200%250%300%350%400%CuttingcostCertcostOthercostsTotalB2BpriceB2CpriceMarkupJewelerProfitJewelerprofitmargin20Description:In2023,intheUnitedStatesthetotalpricedifferenceofanaturaldiamondwas98percentwhencomparedwithalab-createddiamond.Lab-createddiamondsareproducedbyusingtechnologythatreplicatesthenaturalprocessesthatcreatediamondsfoundintheearth.Theendresultisalab-createddiamondthatisthesameasamineddiamondchemically,physically,andoptically.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;September2023Source(s):DCHAPTER

05UnitedStates&ChinaProductionofsyntheticindustrialdiamondsintheUnitedStatesfrom2010to2020(in1,000carats)SyntheticindustrialdiamondproductionintheU.S.2010-2020PrimarySecondary250,000200,000150,000100,00050,00002010201120122013201420152016201720182019202022Description:In2020,some130millioncaratsofsyntheticindustrialdiamonds(alsoknownaslab-growndiamonds)wereproducedintheUnitedStatesthroughprimaryproduction.Inthatsameyear,nearly18millionadditionalcaratsofindustrialsyntheticdiamondsweregeneratedthroughsecondaryproduction.Industrialdiamondsarediamondsthatareusedforindustrialpurposes,suchasfortheirabrasiveproperties,ratherthanasgemstonesinjewelry.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2010to2020Source(s):USGeologicalSurveyValueofsyntheticdiamondproductionintheUnitedStatesfrom2010to2020(in1,000U.S.dollars)SyntheticdiamondproductionvalueintheU.S.2010-2020PrimarySecondary140,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,00002010201120122013201420152016201720182019202023Description:In2020,some42.5millionU.S.dollarsworthofsyntheticdiamondswereproducedintheUnitedStatesthroughprimaryproduction.U.S.secondarysyntheticdiamondproductionwasvaluedat2.91millionU.S.dollarsthatyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2010to2020;syntheticindustrialdiamondsSource(s):USGeologicalSurveyMarketshareoflab-growndiamondsamongUnitedStatesspecialtyjewelersfrom2020to2022Lab-growndiamondsU.S.specialtyjewelermarketshare2020-20228%7%6%5%7%5%4%3%3%2%1%0%202020212022*24Description:AsofJune2022,lab-growndiamondsaccountedforasevenpercentshareoftheoveralldiamondjewelrysalesamongUnitedStates-basedspecialtyjewelers.Thatwasanotableincreasecomparedtothemarketshareoflab-diamondsinU.S.specialtyjewelersin2020,whenitamountedtojustthreepercentofdiamondsales.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2020to2022;U.S.specialtyjewelers;*AsofJune2022.ReadmoreSource(s):EdahnGolanDiamondResearch&DataImportsofsyntheticdiamondsintotheUnitedStatesfrom2010to2020(in1,000carats)SyntheticdiamondimportstotheU.S.2010-2020800,000721,000724,000679,000700,000591,000591,000600,000500,000400,000300,000200,000100,0000570,000357,000305,000270,000213,0002016186,000202020102011201220132014201520172018201925Description:In2020,186millioncaratsofsyntheticdiamonds,alsoknownaslabdiamonds,wereimportedtotheUnitedStatesforconsumption.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2010to2020Source(s):USGeologicalSurveyImportsofsyntheticdiamondstotheUnitedStatesin2020,bycountryoforigin(in1,000carats)SyntheticdiamondimportvolumetotheU.S.2020,bycountryoforiginImportsinthousandcarats60,000

80,000020,00040,000100,000120,000140,000160,000ChinaSouthKoreaIreland140,00016,30012,90010,300RussiaUnitedKingdomJapan2,0901,7201,450754SwitzerlandRomaniaBelgium415India335AustraliaIsrael18574Taiwan18Restofworld20826Description:TheUnitedStatesimportedsome140millioncaratsofsyntheticdiamonds,alsoknownaslabdiamonds,fromChinain2020.Thatyear,theU.S.importedatotalof186millioncaratsoflabdiamondsfrommorethan14countries,butChinawasbyfarthelargestsourceofU.S.imports.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2020;ImportsforconsumptionSource(s):USGeologicalSurveyExportsofsyntheticdiamondsfromtheUnitedStatesfrom2010to2020(in1,000carats)SyntheticdiamondexportsfromtheU.S.2010-2020180,000165,000164,000155,000154,000160,000140,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,0000143,000137,000133,000129,000110,000110,00088,1002010201120122013201420152016201720182019202027Description:In2020,approximately88.1millioncaratsofsyntheticindustrialdiamondswereexportedfromtheUnitedStates.TheU.S.exportvolumeofsyntheticindustrialdiamondspeakedin2012at165millioncarats.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2010to2020;syntheticindustrialdiamondsSource(s):USGeologicalSurveySalesvolumeofroughlab-growndiamondsinChinain2020withestimatesuntil2025(inmillioncarats)Salesofuncutlab-growndiamondsinChina2020-20254.54.03.53.0432.552.51.962.01.51.00.50.01.40.720202021*2022*2023*2024*2025*28Description:About700,000caratsofuncutlab-growndiamondsweresoldinChinain2020,asignificantlysmalleramountthanthe5.6millioncaratsintheUnitedStates.Nevertheless,thelab-growndiamondmarketinChinaisexpectedtogrowstronglyoverthenextfewyears,reachingfourmillioncaratsby2025.ReadmoreNote(s):China;2020Source(s):AVICSecurities;Bain&Company;DeBeers;E;IntelligenceResearchGroupCHAPTER

06EnvironmentalfootprintMineralwastevolumefromlab-grownandmineddiamondproductionworldwide(inkilogramspercarat)Lab-grownandmineddiamondsmineralwasteproductionvolumeworldwide3,0002,6302,5002,0001,5001,0005000.60MinedLabgrown30Description:Theproductionofonecaratofmineddiamondstypicallyproducessome2.63metrictonsofmineralwasteasaby-product.Lab-growndiamonds,ontheotherhand,onlyproduceanaveragemineralwasteof600gramspercaratproduced.Theproductionofmineddiamondsinvolvesthemovementofsubstantialvolumesofearthinordertoobtainthediamonds,whichmakesdiamondminingamuchmoreenvironmentallydisruptiveprocessthanproducinglab-diamonds.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2014Source(s):Frost&Sullivan;SportsIllustratedCarbonfootprintofcutandpolishedlab-growndiamondsworldwidein2023,byregion(inkilogramsofCO2equivalentpercarat)Globalcarbonfootprintofcutandpolishedlab-growndiamonds2023,byregion700612600

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