2024届天津市天津市十二区县重点校高三第一次模拟考试英语试题（含答案解析）

2024年天津市十二区重点学校高三毕业班联考（一）英语试卷本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共130分。考试用时100分钟。第Ⅰ卷1至7页,第Ⅱ卷8页。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号涂写在答题卡上，答卷时，考生务必将卷Ⅰ的答案填涂在答题卡上，卷Ⅱ答在答题纸上，卷Ⅱ答在试卷上的无效。第Ⅰ卷（共95分）注意事项：1.每小题选出答案后，把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。2.本试卷共55题。在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项正确。第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节：满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）1.—Icouldn’tthinktoohighlyoftheSpirngGala,wheremanyadvancedandpopularelementsareadoptedtopresentthesplendidstageeffect.“—______.Ihadtostayinhospitalthewholenightduetoacaraccidentandmissedit.A.Goodluck B.ImeanitC.Justmyluck D.Byallmeans【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我对春晚的评价不能再高了，它采用了许多先进和流行的元素来呈现精彩的舞台效果。——我真倒霉。因为一场车祸，我不得不在医院住了一晚上，错过了。A.Goodluck好运；B.Imeanit我是认真的；C.Justmyluck真倒霉；D.Byallmeans一定，务必。根据上下文句意可知，此处为固定短语Justmyluck“真倒霉”，满足句意要求。故选C项。2.WheneverIvisitedmygrandmother’shouse,I______rushtothekitchenforthestinkytofuwithexcitement.A.shall B.would C.must D.may【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：从那时起，每当我去奶奶家，我都会兴奋地冲进厨房吃臭豆腐。A.shall将要，用于一般将来时；B.would将会；C.must必须；D.may可能。根据上文“WheneverIvisitedmygrandmother’shouse”可知，此处主句为过去将来时，为would+动词原形。故选B。3.IadmiremyEnglishteachergreatlyashealwaystrieshisbesttocreateanatmosphere______students’interestcanbeactivelyaroused.A.where B.that C.which D.when【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我非常钦佩我的英语老师，因为他总是尽力营造一种可以积极激发学生兴趣的氛围。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是atmosphere，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选A。4.Besidesproperamountsofpractice,perseveranceisalsooneofthekey______ofsuccess.A.elements B.categories C.ranges D.processes【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了适当的练习，毅力也是成功的关键要素之一。A.elements要素；B.categories类别；C.ranges范围；D.processes过程。结合语境可知，空格处应表达“因素”，故用elements。故选A。5.—Whathappened?Yourbossseemsto______.—Didn’tyouknowhissecretaryleakedthesecretreporttothepress?A.beoverthemoon B.laughhisheadoffC.beallears D.letoffsteam【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——发生了什么？你的老板似乎在发脾气。——你不知道他的秘书把秘密报告泄露给新闻界了吗？A.beoverthemoon非常高兴；B.laughhisheadoff狂笑，笑掉大牙；C.beallears全神贯注地倾听；D.letoffsteam发泄怒气。根据上下文句意可知，此处为固定短语letoffsteam“发泄怒气”，满足句意要求。故选D项。6.Inspiteofbeingtakenfromverydifferentsources,theresultsareunbelievably______.A.consistent B.controversial C.contradictory D.constant【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管数据来源非常不同，但结果却令人难以置信地一致。A.consistent始终如一的，一致的；B.controversial有争议的；C.contradictory矛盾的；D.constant恒定的。根据句意可知，此处为形容词consistent“始终如一的，一致的”，满足句意要求。故选A项。7.Fewpleasurescanequal______ofajourneytoHarbin,enjoyingthefantasticicysculpturesaswellastheenthusiasmofthelocalpeople.A.one B.that C.those D.ones【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查指示代词和不定代词。句意：没有什么乐趣能比得上去哈尔滨旅行，欣赏奇妙的冰雕和感受当地人的热情。A.one一个，泛指；B.that那个，特指，同名不同物，代指不可数名词或者名词单数，其后往往有限定短语；C.those那些，特指，同名不同物；D.ones泛指复数名词。分析句子结构可知，空格处代指上文中提到的pleasures，且同名不同物，所以应填that。故选C。8.Manyahouse______inthepowerfulearthquake.Fortunately,largeamountsofmoney______sofarforthosehomelessinthedisastrousearthquakeinGansuProvince.A.wasdamaged;havebeencollected B.weredamaged;hasbeencollectedC.hasbeendamaged;wascollected D.havebeendamaged;werecollected【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动时态、语态和主谓一致。许多房子在强烈地震中被毁。幸运的是，到目前为止，已经为甘肃省灾难性地震中的无家可归者筹集了大量资金。damage和主语house之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时，“manya+名词单数”做主语，谓语动词用单数；collect和money之间是被动关系，根据sofar可知，用现在完成时的被动语态，largeamountsof做主语，谓语动词用复数。故选A项。9.______thecouncilhasprovidedplacesforustotakeouremptybottlesforrecycling,manyofusstillthrowglassbottlesintotheordinarydustbins.A.However B.Eventhough C.Onaccountof D.Despite【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管委员会为我们提供了回收空瓶子的地方，但我们中的许多人仍然把玻璃瓶扔进了普通的垃圾箱。A.However然而；B.Eventhough即使，尽管；C.Onaccountof由于；D.Despite不管。分析句子可知，空处应用连词eventhough“即使，尽管”引导让步状语从句。故选B。10.Theshopkeeperandassistantswillgetallthesegoodsordered______tothecustomerstoday.A.todeliver B.delivering C.deliver D.delivered【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：店主和助手们今天会把订购的货物全部送到顾客手中。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语getsthdone“使某事被做”，其中ordered为过去分词作后置定语，修饰allthesegoods；因为allthesegoodsordered与deliver之间为逻辑上存在动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。故选D项。11.Peterhasnever______andeveryoneofushastomakemoreeffortstocompensateforhislaziness.A.letoffsteam B.takenabreathC.pulledhisweight D.settleddown【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：彼得从来没有尽到自己的责任，我们每个人都必须加倍努力来弥补他的懒惰。A.letoffsteam花掉多余的精力；B.takenabreath深呼吸；C.pulledhisweight尽力做出贡献；D.settleddown定居。根据后文“andeveryoneofushastomakemoreeffortstocompensateforhislaziness”指彼得从来没有尽到自己的责任，所以每个人都必须加倍努力来弥补他的懒惰。故选C。12.InChineseculturewhiterepresentspurity,whichis______abridewearsabeautifulwhitegownonherweddingday.A.that B.what C.why D.how【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查表语从句。句意：在中国文化中，白色代表纯洁，这就是为什么新娘在婚礼上穿着美丽的白色礼服。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，用连接词副词引导，根据句意，表达“为什么新娘在婚礼上穿着美丽的白色礼服”之意，用why引导。故选C项。13.______theclassicShiJi,theonlygreathistoricalworksIhadbeenexposedtowereHomer’sepicpoems.A.Superiorto B.Priorto C.Dueto D.Similarto【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：在《史记》之前，我接触过的历史巨著只有荷马的史诗。A.Superiorto优于；B.Priorto在……之前；C.Dueto由于；D.Similarto类似于。分析句子可知，空格处构成句子的时间状语，表示时间上“早于……”，故选B项。14.MayDayisapproaching.AtthistimenextmonthI______toHainanforholiday.A.willbeflying B.willflyC.havebeenflying D.haveflown【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：五一就要到了。下个月的这个时候我将飞往海南度假。根据Atthistimenextmonth可知，用将来进行时。故选A项。15.________thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.A.Ignore B.IgnoringC.Ignored D.Havingignored【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意：忽视这两项研究结果的差异将会是你所犯的最严重的错误之一。句子缺少主语，ignore的逻辑主语是you，两者是主谓关系，因此用动名词作主语，故选B。【点睛】本题考查非谓语动词。“willbe”前面的“______thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindings”是主语部分，动词原形和过去分词不能直接作主语，习惯上用动名词作主语。且you和ignore是主谓关系，这里表示同时发生，而非先后发生，因此不用分词的完成式。第二节：完型填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）Iwas17yearsold.AlongwithadozenotherboysIhadmadealongtriptoIowainordertoseeacollegethatIwasthinkingof____16____.NowIwasthereandIwasfeelingsadand____17____.IwasmissingmyfamilyandtheAppalachianmountainsofmyhome.Iloved____18____intheforeststhere.Ilovedhowthe____19____turnedathousandshadesofgreeninthespringandthenbecameaseaofred,____20____andorangeinthefall.Ilovedthe____21____ofcountlesswildflowersthatgrewinourmeadows(草地).Thesethingswerea____22____ofme.HereinIowaeverythingwas____23____.Thegrasslookedburntandbrown.AllthatIcouldsmellwasa____24____ofcorn,mud,andpigs.Iwalkedoutsidethedormitoryofthecollegeandsatona_____25_____.Iclosedmyeyesand_____26_____beingbackhomeagain.WhenIopenedmyeyes,however,Isawsomethingthat_____27_____mysoul.Itwasabeautifulsunset.Gold,red,purpleandpinkcloudsall_____28_____togetherinapicture.Itwassohugethatittookmybreathaway.Itmadeourmountainsunsetsseem_____29_____bycomparison.I_____30_____thatIhadbeenfoolishandjudgmental(武断的).Thisplacehaditsownspecialbeauty.ThisplacetoowasapartofGod’s_____31_____.OvertheyearstocomeI_____32_____somethingelse.Eachofushasaspecialbeauty_____33_____.Eachofushasourownunique_____34_____andabilities.Eachofushasabeautiful,powerfullovethatonlywecanshare.AndGodwantsustoshareit.Mayyourlifealwaysshine_____35_____.16.A.skipping B.recommending C.attending D.enjoying17.A.calm B.lonely C.awake D.hungry18.A.performing B.jumping C.walking D.shooting19.A.leaves B.insects C.seeds D.water20.A.blue B.black C.white D.gold21.A.sound B.smell C.strength D.spirit22.A.role B.time C.part D.path23.A.exciting B.silent C.full D.flat24.A.mixture B.memory C.nutrition D.distinction25.A.sofa B.pool C.bench D.soil26.A.believedin B.caredabout C.lookedfor D.dreamedof27.A.touched B.occupied C.passed D.missed28.A.happened B.exploded C.flowed D.increased29.A.rich B.tiny C.popular D.perfect30.A.remembered B.replied C.realized D.refused31.A.creation B.shadow C.regulation D.terminal32.A.watched B.confirmed C.decided D.learned33.A.aswell B.asusual C.asaresult D.asawhole34.A.responsibilities B.honors C.talents D.desires35.A.clearly B.brightly C.blankly D.suddenly【答案】16.C17.B18.C19.A20.D21.B22.C23.D24.A25.C26.D27.A28.C29.B30.C31.A32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者离开家乡前往爱荷华州参观想上的大学的经历，起初他感到孤独和悲伤，怀念家人和家乡阿巴拉契亚山脉的美景，觉得新的环境非常平淡。然而，当作者欣赏到爱荷华州的美丽日落时，他意识到每个地方都有其独特之处。后来，他还意识到每个人都有自己独特的美丽与能力，以及一份只属于自己的美丽而强大的爱。16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了看一所我想上的大学，我和其他十几个男孩长途跋涉到爱荷华州。A.skipping跳过；B.recommending推荐；C.attending定期去（学校、教堂等）；D.enjoying享受。根据上文“Iwas17yearsold.”可知，作者17岁，是高中毕业的年纪，再结合上文“inordertoseeacollegethatIwasthinkingof”可推知，他来到爱荷华州是为了看看自己想上的大学，attendauniversity表示“上大学”。故选C。【17题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在我在那里，我感到悲伤和孤独。A.calm平静的；B.lonely孤独的；C.awake醒着的；D.hungry饥饿的。根据下文“IwasmissingmyfamilyandtheAppalachianmountainsofmyhome.”可知，作者想念自己的家人和家乡的阿巴拉契亚山脉，因此是感到悲伤和孤独。故选B。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢在那里的森林里散步。A.performing表演；B.jumping跳跃；C.walking散步；D.shooting射击。根据下文“intheforeststhere”和“Ilovedhowthe____4____turnedathousandshadesofgreeninthespringandthenbecameaseaofred,____5____andorangeinthefall.”可推知，作者喜欢的是在森林里散步，下一句具体描述了他在森林中散步时看到的景色。故选C。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢树叶在春天变成千姿百态的绿色，然后在秋天变成一片红色、金色和橙色的海洋。A.leaves叶子；B.insects昆虫；C.seeds种子；D.water水。根据下文“turnedathousandshadesofgreeninthespringandthenbecameaseaofred,____5____andorangeinthefall”可推知，作者描述的是森林中叶子的颜色随着季节变化。故选A。【20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢树叶在春天变成千姿百态的绿色，然后在秋天变成一片红色、金色和橙色的海洋。A.blue蓝色的；B.black黑色；C.white白色；D.gold金色。根据上文“aseaofred”和下文“andorangeinthefall”，并结合常识可知，秋天的时候叶子会变成一片红色、金色和橙色。故选D。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢草地上生长的无数野花的香味。A.sound声音；B.smell气味；C.strength力量；D.spirit精神。根据下文“ofcountlesswildflowers”可推知，作者喜欢的是无数野花的香味。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些都是我的一部分。A.role角色；B.time时间；C.part部分；D.path路径。根据上文描述的作者想念家乡阿巴拉契亚山脉中的那些美丽的事物可推知，这些事物已经成了作者的一部分。故选C。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在爱荷华，一切都很平淡。A.exciting令人兴奋的；B.silent寂静的；C.full充满的；D.flat平淡的。根据上文描述的作者想念家乡阿巴拉契亚山脉中的那些美丽的事物，以及下文“Thegrasslookedburntandbrown.AllthatIcouldsmellwasa____9____ofcorn,mud,andpigs.”可推知，作者是在把家乡和爱荷华州作比较，表示爱荷华很平淡，不如家乡丰富多彩。故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我能闻到的只有玉米、泥土和猪的混合气味。A.mixture混合物；B.memory记忆；C.nutrition营养；D.distinction区别。根据上文“smell”和下文“ofcorn,mud,andpigs”可推知，作者是闻到玉米、泥土和猪的混合气味。故选A。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我走出学院宿舍，坐在一张长凳上。A.sofa沙发；B.pool游泳池；C.bench长凳；D.soil土壤。根据上文“Iwalkedoutsidethedormitoryofthecollegeandsaton”可推知，学院宿舍外面应该有长凳供人坐着休息。故选C。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我闭上眼睛，梦见自己又回到了家。A.believedin相信；B.caredabout关心；C.lookedfor寻找；D.dreamedof梦到。根据上文“IwasmissingmyfamilyandtheAppalachianmountainsofmyhome.”可知，作者想念自己的家人和家乡的阿巴拉契亚山脉，因此闭上眼睛是梦见自己又回到了家。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我睁开眼睛时，我看到了触动我灵魂的东西。A.touched触动；B.occupied占用；C.passed通过；D.missed错过。根据下文“Itwassohugethatittookmybreathaway.”可知，日落如此壮观，让作者无法呼吸，因此是看到了触动灵魂的东西。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：金色、红色、紫色和粉色的云彩流动在一起，形成一幅图画。A.happened发生；B.exploded爆炸；C.flowed流动；D.increased增加。根据上文“Itwasabeautifulsunset.”可知，此处描述日落的美景，应该是这些各色的云彩流动在一起。故选C。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，我们山上的日落就显得微小了。A.rich富有的；B.tiny微小的；C.popular受欢迎的；D.perfect完美的。根据上文“Itwassohugethatittookmybreathaway.”可知，日落如此壮观，让作者无法呼吸，因此是把作者家乡山上的日落衬托得微小。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我意识到自己太愚蠢，太武断。A.remembered记得；B.replied回答；C.realized意识到；D.refused拒绝。根据上文叙述的作者看到壮观的日落景象，被深深触动可推知，他在这时意识到自己太愚蠢，太武断。故选C。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个地方也是上帝创造的一部分。A.creation创造；B.shadow阴影；C.regulation规定；D.terminal终端。根据上文“Thisplacehaditsownspecialbeauty.”可知，作者想到这个地方有它独特的美，因此是认为它也是上帝创造的一部分，表示它自有神奇之处。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几年里，我学到了别的东西。A.watched观看；B.confirmed确认；C.decided决定；D.learned学习。根据下文探讨的每个人都有自己独特的美丽与能力，以及一份只属于自己的美丽而强大的爱可推知，作者是学到了别的东西。故选D。【33题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我们每个人也都有自己独特的美。A.aswell也；B.asusual像往常一样；C.asaresult结果是；D.asawhole整体上。根据上文“somethingelse”可知，作者是在意识到爱荷华州有壮丽的日落，有其独特的美之后，从地方环境想到其他方面——人，认为每个人也都有自己独特的美。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们每个人都有自己独特的才能和能力。A.responsibilities责任；B.honors荣誉；C.talents才能；D.desires欲望。根据下文“andabilities”可推知，talents“才能”符合语境，和abilities“能力”匹配，表示每个人都有自己独特的才能和能力。故选C。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：愿你的生活永远灿烂辉煌。A.clearly清楚地；B.brightly明亮地；C.blankly茫然地；D.suddenly突然地。根据上文“Mayyourlifealwaysshine”可推知，此处是表达祝愿，希望生活灿烂辉煌。故选B。第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2.5分，满分50分）ABelowisawebpagefrom/.KidoftheYearPhotoContestEnteryourkid’sphototodayandwin!We’regivingaway52weekly$250prizesfromReaders’Choicevotes.PLUSoureditorswillselectoneentry(参赛作品)towinourgrandprizeof$7,000.OfficialContestRulesNopurchasenecessarytoenterorwin.TheKidoftheYearPhotoContestentryperiodbeginsat12:00a.m.March23,2019,andendsonJanuary21,2020(the“EntryPeriod”).Entriesmustbereceivedby9:00p.m.onJanuary21,2020(“EntryDeadline”).Entrieswillnotbeacknowledgedorreturned.SPONSOR:MeredithCorporation,1716LocustStreet,DesMoines,Iowa.ENTRY:Therewillbetwomethodsofentry.ShareMyEntry:Visit/photos/photo-contests-1/kid-of-the-year/andclickthebuttontoenter.Thencompletetheregistrationformandfollowtheinstructionstouploadonealbumofuptosixphotosofyourchildagedthreemonthstoeightyears.Photosmustbetakenbyentrant,non-professional,unpublishedandmaynothavewonanyprizeoraward.Photosmustbe.jpegor.bmpimageformats(格式)andcannotexceed3MB.FacebookEntry:VisitF/ParentsMagazineandclicktheKidof2019tab.Fillouttheregistrationformanduploadonealbumofuptosixphotosofyourchildagedthreemonthstoeightyears.Youmayprovideonedescriptionandonealbumtitlethatwillbeappliedtoallphotos.Photosmustbetakenbyentrantnon-professional,unpublishedandmaynothavewonanyprizeoraward.Photosmustbe.jpegor.bmpimageformatsandcannotexceed3MB.Thispromotionisinnowaysponsoredsupportedorrunby,orassociatedwithFacebook.YouareprovidingyourinformationtoParentsMagazineandnottoFacebook.TheinformationyouprovidewillonlybeusedtorunthepromotionandregisterforP.Photosmustnotcontainmaterialthatinfringestherightsofanother,includingbutnotlimitedtoprivacy,publicityorintellectualpropertyrights,orthatconstitutescopyrightviolation.Photosmustnotcontainbrandnamesortrademarks.LIMIT:Oneentryperhousehold,pereligible(有资格的)child,perweek.Oneweeklyprizeperchild.Forentriesofmorethanoneeligiblechildinthehousehold,theentryprocessmustbecompletedseparatelyforeachchild.Nogroupentries.36.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A.youshouldbuysomethingfirstbeforeyouenterthecontestB.yourentrywillnotbereturnedevenifyoudon’twinthecontestC.youshouldsendyourentrybefore12:00p.m.onMarch23,2019D.theeditorsofthecontestwilldecidewhowillwinthe20,000dollarsinprizes37.Linda,amotherwithseven-year-oldtwins,wantstoenterthecontest.SheMUST________.A.provideadescriptionandanalbumtitleforthekid’sphotosB.gotoMeredithCorporationtofillouttheregistrationformsC.completetheentryprocessseparatelyforeachofherkidsD.providetheinformationtoFacebookifshechoosesFacebookEntry38.Toenterthecontest,photosmust________.A.havewonsomeprizeorawardB.betakenbynon-professionalentrantsC.containbrandnamesortrademarksD.containparents’personalinformation39.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“infringes”mean?A.violates. B.obtains.C.grasps. D.cheats.40.Thepurposeofthepassageis________.A.toadvertisethewebsiteFacebook.comB.tomakeprofitsbyattractingphotographers’interestC.tointroducetwomethodsofenteringaphotocontestD.toencourageparentswithchildrentoenteraphotocontest【答案】36.B37.C38.B39.A40.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇面向家长的宣传稿，鼓励有孩子的家长们报名参加摄影大赛。要求是三个月到八岁的儿童，参赛者每人需上传一个影集，内有六张附带文字描述的照片，照片需为.jpegor.bmp格式，大小不要超过3MB。获奖者可以得到$7,000的奖金。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据OfficialContestRules部分的Entrieswillnotbeacknowledgedorreturned.可知，参赛作品不会被退还。故B选项正确。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据LIMIT部分的Forentriesofmorethanonechildinafamily,theentryprocessmustbecompletedseparatelyforeachchild.Nogroupentries.可知，这位双胞胎的妈妈必须分别进行两次登录报名程序。故C选项正确。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据ShareMyEntry部分的Photosmustbetakenbyentrant,non-professional…及FacebookEntry部分的Photosmustbetakenbyentrant,non-professional…可知，参赛照片不能是专业人士拍摄的。故B选项正确。【39题详解】词义猜测题。根据生活常识以及最后一句Photosmustnotcontainbrandnamesortrademarks.可推知，这一段讲的是对照片内容方面的要求，照片不应该包括侵犯他人权利的材料，也就是照片不得侵权。由此推知划线词意为“侵犯”。A.violates侵犯；B.obtains获得；C.grasps控制；D.cheats欺骗。故A选项正确。【40题详解】推理判断题。通过第一段的宣传章KidoftheYearPhotoCompetitionEnteryourkid’sphotoandwin!We’regivingaway52weekly$250prizesfromReaders’Choicevotes.以及后面对于这次比赛的详细介绍可知，本文的目的是鼓励父母参加这次比赛。故D选项正确。【点睛】细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。此外，在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决细节理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。以本文第3小题为例，Toenterthecontest,photosmust________，题目要求判断出参赛照片需要满足哪些要求，我们根据ShareMyEntry部分的Photosmustbetakenbyentrant,non-professional…及FacebookEntry部分的Photosmustbetakenbyentrant,non-professional…可知，参赛照片不能是专业人士拍摄的。故B选项正确。BPoojaRaiwasayoungarchitecturestudentin2014whenshewentwithafriendtogivefoodtoalocalorphanage.Shewassurprisedatwhatshesaw.Kidswereplayingwithanythingtheycouldgettheirhandson.Onegroupwasrollingaroundabrokenmetalpipe.Twoboysweretryingtoplaybadminton,usingoldshoesasrackets.“Playshouldn’tjustbepartofarichkid’slifestyle.Allkidshavearighttoenjoytheirchildhoods.”Raisays.Overthenextfewweeks,shetalkedwithfriendsaboutcollectingmoneyforaplayground.Andthat’swhenshethoughtofoldtires.Around100milliontiresarethrownawayinIndiaeveryyear.Couldtheyreusethemasplaygroundmaterialsandhelptheenvironment,too?Thatideabecamearealityin2015,usingoldtires—allcleaned,carefullylookedovertomakesuretheyaresafetouse,andpaintedinbrightcolors.Thefollowingyear,shecreatedAnthillCreations,whichhasbuilt275playgroundsacrossIndia—celebratingthepowerofplayinpublicspacesorphanages,andschools.“Ourworkalwaysbeginswithtalkswithkidsaboutwhattheywantfromthisspace.”saysRai.Sometimesitcantakeafewhours,orafewvisits,untilchildrenarereadytoopenup.Shealsodrawsonherexperienceasanarchitect.“Ifoundthatspacesarepowerfulinshapingpeople’sbehavior.”shesays.MostoftheplayspacesRaidesignsfeaturelargetiresculpturesofcars,buildings,oranimals,pairedwithmoreclassicelementsofswingsandjunglegyms.Inonegirl’sschoolinBengaluru,thechildrenwantedtheirplayspacetobeshapedintoaboxingring,withtiresdoublingupaspunchingbags.“Theirteacherwasunsureaboutit.”Rairemembers.“Butthegirlssaidtheydidn’twantpeopletoseethemasweak.Theywantedtopracticeself-defenseandgrowstronger.”InDecember2019,thisplaygroundbecameareality.41.WhatdidRaifindoutaboutthekidsinalocalorphanage?A.Theybehavedbadly. B.Theywerebadlytreated.C.Theyhadnothingtodobutplay. D.Theywereshortofplayequipment.42.WhatdidRaidowiththethrown-awaytires?A.Sherenewedtheminatireshop.B.Sheturnedthemintoartisticworks.C.Sheusedthemtodesignplayspaces.D.Shesoldthemtoraisemoneyforhungrykids.43.WhatdidRaitakeintoconsiderationwhencarryingoutherwork?A.Children’sneeds. B.Children’sexperiences.C.Herfavouritechildhoodgames. D.Anarchitectfriend’ssuggestions.44.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromthelastparagraph?A.Theyneededtobuildtheirconfidence.B.Theywantedtowintheirteachers’trust.C.Theyfinallyhadtheirdreamplayground.D.Theyoftenhelpedwithcollectingoldtires.45.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeRai?A.Talentedandhard-working. B.Creativeandkind-hearted.C.Realisticandlonely. D.Poorbutcaring.【答案】41.D42.C43.A44.C45.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述年轻建筑系学生PoojaRai如何被一次去孤儿院的经历所启发，进而创建了一个利用废旧轮胎为孩子们建造游乐场的项目。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Kidswereplayingwithanythingtheycouldgettheirhandson.Onegroupwasrollingaroundabrokenmetalpipe.Twoboysweretryingtoplaybadminton,usingoldshoesasrackets.“Playshouldn’tjustbepartofarichkid’slifestyle.Allkidshavearighttoenjoytheirchildhoods.”Raisays.(孩子们在玩他们能拿到的任何东西。一群人围着一根破裂的金属管打滚。两个男孩试图打羽毛球，用旧鞋当球拍。“玩耍不应该只是富二代生活方式的一部分。所有的孩子都有享受童年的权利。”Rai说)”可知，当地孤儿院的孩子们缺少游戏设备。故选D项。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Overthenextfewweeks,shetalkedwithfriendsaboutcollectingmoneyforaplayground.Andthat’swhenshethoughtofoldtires.(在接下来的几个星期里，她和朋友们谈论募款建游乐场的事。这时她想到了旧轮胎)”以及第四段“Thatideabecamearealityin2015,usingoldtires—allcleaned,carefullylookedovertomakesuretheyaresafetouse,andpaintedinbrightcolors.Thefollowingyear,shecreatedAnthillCreations,whichhasbuilt275playgroundsacrossIndia—celebratingthepowerofplayinpublicspacesorphanages,andschools.(2015年，这一想法得以实现，他们使用废旧轮胎——全部清洗干净，仔细检查以确保使用安全，并涂上鲜艳的颜色。第二年，她创办了AnthillCreations，该公司在印度各地建造了275个游乐场，以庆祝在公共场所、孤儿院和学校中游玩的力量)”可知，Rai用那些扔掉的轮胎来设计游戏空间。故选C项。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段““Ourworkalwaysbeginswithtalkswithkidsaboutwhattheywantfromthisspace.”saysRai.Sometimesitcantakeafewhours,orafewvisits,untilchildrenarereadytoopenup.Shealsodrawsonherexperienceasanarchitect.“Ifoundthatspacesarepowerfulinshapingpeople’sbehavior.”shesays.(“我们的工作总是从与孩子们交谈开始，了解他们想从这个空间得到什么。”Rai说。有时，可能需要几个小时，或者几次探访，孩子们才愿意敞开心扉。她还借鉴了自己作为建筑师的经验。“我发现空间在塑造人的行为方面具有强大的力量。”她说)”可知，Rai在进行她的工作时考虑了儿童的需要。故选A项。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inonegirl’sschoolinBengaluru,thechildrenwantedtheirplayspacetobeshapedintoaboxingring,withtiresdoublingupaspunchingbags.“Theirteacherwasunsureaboutit.”Rairemembers.“Butthegirlssaidtheydidn’twantpeopletoseethemasweak.Theywantedtopracticeself-defenseandgrowstronger.”InDecember2019,thisplaygroundbecameareality.(在班加罗尔的一所女子学校里，孩子们想把他们的游乐空间改造成一个拳击场，让轮胎充当沙袋的角色。“他们的老师对此表示不确定。”Rai回忆道，“但这些女孩们表示，她们不希望自己被人视为弱者。她们想要练习自卫，想要变得更强。”2019年12月，这个游乐场终于成为了现实)”可知，女孩们终于有了梦想中的游乐场。故选C项。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中““Playshouldn’tjustbepartofarichkid’slifestyle.Allkidshavearighttoenjoytheirchildhoods.”Raisays.(“玩耍不应该只是富二代生活方式的一部分。所有的孩子都有享受童年的权利。”Rai说)”可知，Rai看到孩子们缺少游戏设备后，想要帮助他们，所以是善良的；根据第三段中“Overthenextfewweeks,shetalkedwithfriendsaboutcollectingmoneyforaplayground.Andthat’swhenshethoughtofoldtires.(在接下来的几个星期里，她和朋友们谈论募款建游乐场的事。这时她想到了旧轮胎)”以及第四段“Thatideabecamearealityin2015,usingoldtires—allcleaned,carefullylookedovertomakesuretheyaresafetouse,andpaintedinbrightcolors.Thefollowingyear,shecreatedAnthillCreations,whichhasbuilt275playgroundsacrossIndia—celebratingthepowerofplayinpublicspacesorphanages,andschools.(2015年，这一想法得以实现，他们使用废旧轮胎——全部清洗干净，仔细检查以确保使用安全，并涂上鲜艳的颜色。第二年，她创办了AnthillCreations，该公司在印度各地建造了275个游乐场，以庆祝在公共场所、孤儿院和学校中游玩的力量)”可知，Rai用轮胎来设计游戏空间，她是有创造力的。故选B项。C“OneofthereasonsIfindthistopicveryinterestingisbecausemymomwasasmokerwhenIwasyounger.”saysLindson-Hawley,whostudiestobaccoandhealthattheUniversityofOxford.Bystudyingabout700adultsmokers,shefoundoutthathermomquittherightway—bystoppingabruptlyandcompletely.Inherstudy,participantswererandomlyassignedtotwogroups.Onehadtoquitabruptlyonagivenday,goingfromaboutapackadaytozero.Theothercutdowngraduallyoverthecourseoftwoweeks.Peopleinbothgroupsusednicotine(尼古丁)patchesbeforetheyquit,inadditiontoasecondformofnicotinereplacement,likegumorspray.Theyalsohadtalktherapywithanursebeforeandafterquitday.Sixmonthsout,morepeoplewhohadquitabruptlyhadstuckwithit—morethanone-fifthofthem,comparedtoaboutone-seventhintheothergroup.Althoughthesenumbersappearlow,itismuchhigherthanifpeopletrywithoutsupport.Andthequitrateswereparticularlyconvincinggiventhatbeforethestudystarted,mostofthepeoplehadsaidthey’drathercutdowngraduallybeforequitting.“Ifyou’retrainingforamarathon,youwouldn’texpecttoturnupandjustbeabletorunit.AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theythink,“Well,ifIgraduallyreduce,it’slikepractice.”“saysLindson-Hawley.Butthatwasn’tthecase.Insteadofgivingpeoplepractice,thegradualreductionlikelygavethemcravings(瘾)andwithdrawalsymptomsbeforetheyevenreachedquitday,whichcouldbewhyfewerpeopleinthatgroupactuallymadeittothatpoint.“Regardlessofyourstatedpreference,ifyou’rereadytoquit,quittingabruptlyismoreeffective.”saysDr.GabrielaFerreira.“Whenyoucanquoteaspecificnumberlikeafifthofthepatientswereabletoquit,that’sconvincing.Itgivesthemtheencouragement,Ithink,toreallygoforit.”Ferreirasays.Peoplerarelymanagetoquitthefirsttimetheytry.Butatleast,shesays,theycanmaximizetheoddsofsuccess.46.WhatdoesLindson-Hawleysayabouthermother?A.Shequitsmokingwithherdaughter’shelp.B.Shestudiedthesmokingpatternsofadultsmokers.C.Shewasalsoaresearcheroftobaccoandhealth.D.Shesucceededinquittingsmokingabruptly.47.WhatkindofsupportdidsmokersreceivetoquitsmokinginLindson-Hawley’sstudy?A.Theywereofferednicotinereplacements.B.Theywerelookedafterbyphysicians.C.Theywereencouragedbypsychologists.D.Theyweregivenphysicaltraining.48.HowdoesDr.GabrielaFerreiraviewtheresultofLindson-Hawley’sexperiment?A.Itisunexpected. B.Itisidealized.C.Itisencouraging. D.Itismisleading.49.Theideaof“amarathon”(Para.5)illustratesthepopularbeliefthatquittingsmokingA.isachallengeatthebeginning B.needssomepracticefirstC.requiresalotofpatience D.issomethingfewcanaccomplish50.Whathappenswhenpeopletrytoquitsmokinggradually?A.Theyfeelmuchlesspainintheprocess. B.Theyaresimplyunabletomakeit.C.Theyshowfewerwithdrawalsymptoms. D.Theyfinditevenmoredifficult.【答案】46.D47.A48.C49.B50.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了牛津大学的Lindson-Hawley现在研究的一项课题。通过研究700名成年的吸烟者，她发现逐步戒烟有可能会更能使人上瘾甚至出现脱瘾症状。而突然戒烟更有效。【46题详解】细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“OneofthereasonsIfindthistopicveryinterestingisbecausemymomwasasmokerwhenIwasyounger(我觉得这个话题很有趣的原因之一是因为我妈妈在我小的时候抽烟)”以及第二段讲到“Bystudyingabout700adultsmokers,shefoundoutthathermomquittherightway—bystoppingabruptlyandcompletely.(通过研究大约700名成年吸烟者，她发现她的妈妈戒烟的方法是正确的——突然彻底戒烟)”可知，根据第一段的信息可得出Lindson-Hawley的母亲曾经是一位吸烟者，第二段中她发现她的母亲有效地戒烟了，而且很突然、很彻底。可知，Lindson-Hawley的母亲突然成功地