大二轮高考总复习英语第02部分专题01第04节高瞻远瞩锁定主旨大意题高效演练

第二部分专题一第四节A(2017·湖南师大附中三次月考)Ournon－profitorganizationhadjustreceivedalargedonationofclothing.Asthreeofuswalkedhomefordinner，wesawawomanbeggingbythebridge.Shewasoldandhadnolegs.Sheshiveredinherthinsari(纱巾)，whichofferedlittleprotectionfromthecoldwind.Herhungerforcedhertobeg.MyfriendsandIlookedateachother：herewasaperfectopportunity，butfirstitwasnecessarytodoalittlebitofresearch.Wewentuptothewomantohearherstory.Shespokeverylittleduetoherpoorhealthandfear，butwelearnedenough.Shelivedaloneinhersmallhome.Shehadnoonetolookafterherandatewhateverpeoplegaveher.Thedesiretohelphergrewstronger.Afterspeakingtoher，weheadedbacktogetsomethingtokeepherwarm.Findingtheperfectsweater，wesetoutagaintoseethewoman.Thistime，thefearwasreplacedbydistrustaswepresentedherwiththesweater.“Areyourobbers？”sheasked.“Youcameherebeforeandarebacksosuddenlywithclothes.”Iwassurprisedbyher_principles.Eveninherstate，shedidnotwanttowearanythingthatwasstolenandgainedthroughillmeans.“No，weareoutdoingservicework.”Hershouldersrelaxedabit.Ithenhelpedherputthesweateronandsaid，“Pleasedon’tsellthesweater.”“Iswear，Iwon’t，”shesaid.Aweeklater，IwasoutwalkingwithmymothertogetsomefoodwhenIsawthewomanagain.Thistimethepicturewasalittledifferent.Shewasstillbegging，butwiththegraysweaterwrappedaroundherbodyandasmileonherfacewhenshesawus.Iguaranteethatthesmileonmyfacewasbigger.1．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A．Thewriterwantedtolearnmoreaboutthewomanbeggar.B．Thewriterofferedhelpwithouthesitation.C．Thewomanwantedtomakeafortunebybegging.D．Theorganizationhadtoomanyclothes.2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“herprinciples”inthethirdparagraphreferto?A．Shenevertrustedstrangers.B．Sheneveraccepteddonationsfromthepoor.C．Shewouldn’ttakeadvantageofothers’kindness.D．Shewouldn’tacceptanythinggainedillegally.3．Whatcontributedtotheirsmilesatlast?A．Cautionandfear.B．Kindnessandtrust.C．Doubtanddistrust.D．Optimismandgenerosity.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．WeShouldTrustBeggarsB．HowtoJudgeaRealBeggarC．LearnMoralityfromaBeggarD．TheMostWonderfulGiftIGavetoaBeggar[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者帮助一位乞讨的妇人的故事。1．解析：考查段落大意。根据第一段最后一句中的“herewasaperfectopportunity，butfirstitwasnecessarytodoalittlebitofresearch”可知A项正确。答案：A2．解析：考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Eveninherstate，shedidnotwanttowearanythingthatwasstolenandgainedthroughillmeans”可知herprinciples指的是老妇人不愿意穿任何通过不正当手段得来的衣服。答案：D3．解析：考查推理判断。通读全文可知，是作者对待老妇人的善意和老妇人对作者的信任使得他们再次见面时对彼此露出了笑容。答案：B4．解析：考查主旨大意。根据文章内容可知作者从乞讨的老妇人身上看到了可贵的品质，故C项最适合作为标题。答案：CBArecentstudyconductedbyateamofresearchersfromCanadahasuncoveredthatbirdslivinginurbanenvironmentsarenotjustbetteratproblem－solvingandmoreskilledintasksthatneedcreativitythancountrybirds—theyalsohavestrongerimmune(免疫的)systems!Theresearch，headedbyAudet，aPh.D.studentatauniversity，examinedthelearningabilitiesofurbanbullfincheswiththoseoftheircountrycousins.TheteamconductedtheirstudyinBarbadosbecauseitclaimsabroadrangeofenvironments—frompopulatedmoderncitiestoentirelyruralareas.TheybeganbycatchingsomebullfinchesfromvariouspartsoftheCaribbeanislands.Thebullfincheswerethengivenseveraltasks.Someweretotesttheirassociativelearningskillswhileothersweretoobservehowcreativetheywereatproblem－solvingItturnsoutthatcitybirdsaremuchsmarteratreachingcleversolutionsthanruralbirds.Whiletheyarealsomuchbraver，theurbanbirdsappeartobemorecautiouswhenexposedtounfamiliarthings.Theresultsdidnotsurprisetheresearchers.Afterall，birdslivingincitiesandtownsfacemanymorechallengesanddangersthanthosethatliveinthecountry.Butasitturnsout，thecitybirdsprovetohavebetterimmunitythanthoselivinginthecountryside.Whileadditionalstudiesneedtobedonetoseeifthisistrueforallcitybirds，thereisnoreasontobelievethattheresultswouldbeanydifferent.Thoughthisisthefirsttimeresearchershaveparedthecognitiveabilitiesofbirdslivingindifferentenvironments，itisnotthefirststudytoexaminethedifferencesbetweenbirdslivinginthecityandthecountry.Previousresearchhasshownthatblackbirdsinurbansettingsaresimilarlymorecautiousthanruralblackbirds，andthatsparrowsandblackbirdslivingincitiessingatahigherfrequencytobeheardovercitynoiseandtomakeupforsoundchangescausedbytallbuildings.Ifonlybirdsknewtheadvantagesoflivingamonghumans，maybemorewouldmovetocities!5．Howarecitybirdsdifferentfromcountrybirdsaccordingtotheresearch?A．Countrybirdshaveawiderrangeofadvantagesofsurvival.B．Citybirdsarebraverwhenfacingunfamiliarthingsorsituations.C．Citybirdshaveaweakerimmunesystembecauseofairpollution.D．Countrybirdsarelessskillfulatjobsrequiringcreationandskills.6．Whatconclusiondoestheauthorthinkfurtherstudieswilldraw?A．Countrybirdscanbetaughttheadvantageoflivingincities.B．CitybirdsaremoreresistanttodiseasesthanCountrybirds.C．Citybirdsfacelessunfamiliarthingsthancountrybirds.D．Countrybirdsaremorecarefulindangeroussituations.7．Whydourbansparrowsandblackbirdssingatahigherfrequency?A．Todealwithmoredangersincities.B．Toensureeffectivemunication.C．Toadaptthemselvestothebusycity.D．Togetoverthefardistancebetweeneachother.8．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Citybirdsaresmarterandhealthierthancountrybirds.B．WhataPh.D.studenthasdonehassurprisedtheworld.C．Thefirststudytoparebirds’differenceshasbeendone.D．Researchhasuncoveredbirds’immunesystemsandlearningpower.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，与生活在乡下的鸟儿相比，生活在城市的鸟儿更能创造性地解决问题，具有更强的免疫力。5．解析：考查细节理解。第一段概括了住在城里的鸟儿与住在农村的鸟儿的不同之处：住在城市的鸟儿比农村的鸟儿更会解决问题，更有创造性，免疫力更强。因此可知选D“在需要创造性和技能的工作上，农村里的鸟儿熟练性要差一些”。答案：D6．解析：考查推理判断。从第四段内容尤其是“thereisnoreasontobelievethattheresultswouldbeanydifferent”可知，住在城市的鸟儿比农村的鸟儿的免疫力更强，尽管需要更多的研究来证明所有城市里的鸟儿都是如此，但是没有理由相信结果会不同。故选B。答案：B7．解析：考查推理判断。从最后一段内容尤其是“singatahigherfrequencytobeheardovercitynoiseandtomakeupforsoundchangescausedbytallbuildings”可知，住在城市的麻雀和燕八哥啼叫的频率更高一些，是为了压倒城市噪音并且弥补高楼造成的声音变化而被其他鸟儿听见，故选B。答案：B8．解析：考查主旨大意。全文介绍了研究者对于生活在城市和生活在农村的鸟儿所做的研究，证明了城市的鸟儿比农村的鸟儿更能创造性地解决问题，更勇敢，免疫力更强。故选A。答案：ACThejoyfultearsshedbyaTexaswomanandherlong－missingdaughteraftertheyreturnedtoHoustonfromMexicoonSaturdaysignaledtheendofaneight－yearcross－bordercustody(监护权)casethathadmistakenlysentanothergirltotheU．S.againstherwill.HoustonresidentDoroteaGarciaarrivedatBushIntercontinentalAirportonSaturdaymorningafterajudgeintheMexicanstateofMichoacánonFridayreturned13－year－oldAlondraDiaztoGarciafollowingDNAteststhatshowedtheyaremotheranddaughter.Diaz，anative－bornU．S.citizen，wastakentoMexicoin2007byherfather，ReynaldoDiaz.withouthermother’sconsent(同意)afterthecoupledivorced.GarciawaskeptinthedarkaboutAlondraDiaz’swhereaboutsuntilrecently.ThecasegainedattentionlastmonthafterajudgeinMexicomistakenlyruledthat14－year－oldAlondraLunawasthemissinggirlandorderedhertobeturnedovertoGarcia，whobroughtthegirltoHouston.DNAtestinglatershowedshewasn’tGarcia’sdaughterandshewasreturnedtoherrealfamilyinGuanajuato.WhenaskedaboutwhathadhappenedwiththemisidentificationofLunaasherdaughter，GarciasaidshewishedLunawellbutnowwantedtofocusonherdaughter’sreturn.VideorecordingscirculatedwidelyLunascreaminganddesperatelyresistingaspolicedraggedherawayinMexico.ThejudgeinMexicoinAprildeniedrequestsfromLunaandherfamilyforDNAtests，sayingitwasnotwithinthescopeofherauthority.AlondraLuna’sfamilyhasunsuccessfullysoughtanapologyfromthejudge.Themediaspotlightprompted(促使)ReynaldoDiaztodelivertherealAlondraDiaztofamilymemberswhothenpresentedhertoauthorities，sayingshewaspreparedtogolivewithhermother.ThejudgewaitedforDNAconfirmationinAlondraDiaz’scase.Garcia，whohadanemotionalreunionwithherdaughterthisweekinacourtroominLosReyes，Michoacán，saidshewouldnotpreventherex－husbandfrombeingabletospeakwiththeirdaughter.9．WhatdidGarciagototheairporttodo?A．Seeherdaughteroff.B．ReceivetheDNAtests.C．Meetherdaughter.D．Waitforajudge.10．Whatlessonshouldthejudgedraw?A．Thinktwicebeforeyoujump.B．It’snotoveruntilthefatladysings.C．Amancandonomorethanhecan.D．Performyourdutyandlearntoberesponsible.11．WhatmakesReynaldoDiazreturnAlondraDiaztoGarcia?A．Thecourt’sjudgment.B．Pressurefromthemedia.C．AlondraDiaz’sdesire.D．TheagreementhemadewithGarcia.12．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Aneight－yearjourneybackhomeB．AgreatjokeonejudgeplayedaccidentallyC．A14－year－oldgirl’smiserableexperienceD．Anemotionalreunionbetweenmotheranddaughter[语篇解读]本文为一篇记叙文，主要讲述了休斯敦居民Garcia与其失散多年的女儿AlondraDiaz相认的过程。9．解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段可知，这对母女周六从墨西哥回到休斯敦后，一起长达八年的跨国监护权案件结束了，再结合第二段中的“HoustonresidentDoroteaGarciaarrivedatBushIntercontinentalAirportonSaturdaymorningafterajudgeintheMexicanstateofMichoacánonFridayreturned13－year－oldAlondraDiaztoGarciafollowingDNAteststhatshowedtheyaremotheranddaughter”可推知，她去机场的目的是接失散多年的女儿。故选C。答案：C10．解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“...mistakenlyruledthat14－year－oldAlondraLunawasthemissinggirl”，第四段中的“...deniedrequestsfromLunaandherfamilyforDNAtests，sayingitwasnotwithinthescopeofherauthority”可知，这起错案是这名墨西哥法官的不负责任导致的，故她应该学会尽力履行职责，勇于担当。答案：D11．解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Themediaspotlightprompted(促使)ReynaldoDiaztodelivertherealAlondraDiaztofamilymembers”可知，媒体的关注促使ReynaldoDiaz将AlondraDiaz送回给Garcia。故选B。答案：B12．解析：考查主旨要义。根据文章内容尤其是第一段中的“aTexaswomanandherlong－missingdaughteraftertheyreturnedtoHoustonfromMexicoonSaturdaysignaledtheendofaneight－yearcross－bordercustody(监护权)casethathadmistakenlysentanothergirltotheU.S．againstherwill”可知，本文讲述了一对母女失散多年后重逢的故事。故D项作本文标题最佳。答案：DDHelpUsFightTB!BackgroundTuberculosis(TB)isanairbornedisease.Symptomscanstartwithaseriouscough，followedbyahighfever，anddevelopintodifficultyinbreathingandcoughingupblood.TBisoneoftheworld’smostdangerousdiseases，with3millionpeopledyingeveryyear.Althoughavaccine(疫苗)andseveraldrugshavebeendevelopedtohelpfightTB，theTBbacteriumhasbeenevolvingresistancetoavailabletreatments.NearlyhalfofEuropeancasesarenowresistanttoatleastonedrug.PossibleSolutionThebacteriumhasanunusualcoatwhichprotectsitfrommanydrugs.Amongthefats，sugarsandproteinsinthiscoat，theTBbacteriumcontainsatypeoffattymolecules(分子)calledmycolicacids.TheHelpStopTBprojectwillusetheextraputingpowerdonatedbyIBM’sWorldmunityGridmemberstosimulate(模拟)thebehaviorandchemicalcharactersofmycolicacidstobetterunderstandhowtheyprotecttheTBbacteria.Scientistshopetousetheresultstoeventuallydevelopbettertreatmentsforthisdeadlydisease.YourHelpYoucanhelpresearchersbysigningyourputerupforIBM’sWorldmunityGridtobeepartofavirtualsuperputer.Volunteersmaketheprocessingpowerontheirdevicesavailablewhenotherwisenotbeingused—say，duringtheirlunchhourorovernight—toperformthecalculationsnecessaryforthesesimulations.VolunteersdownloadanApptotheirputers；itrecognizeswhenthemachineisn’tbeingused，thenstartstoprocessdata，andautomaticallystopswhenthemachineisneededfornormaluse.It’ssafeandputsotherwisewastedelectricpowertogooduse.Whynotjoinus?Yourhelpwillmakeadifferencetopeople’slife!ProjectDetailsPrincipalScientist：AnnaCroftDates：OngoingProjectType：DataProcessingGradeLevel：AllAgesHowtoJoin：VisitIBM’sWorldmunityGridanddownloadanApptoyourputers.13．WhatsignmayapersoncatchingTBfirstshow?A．Aseriouscough. B．Ahighfever.C．Difficultyinbreathing. D．Coughingupblood.14．What