高三英语一轮复习语法之介词导学案

介词1.above,over,on在……之上above侧重相对水平高度，不一定在正上方，其反义词是below“在……之下”Thesunisabovethemountainintheeast.over侧重于垂直高度，即位于正上方，其反义词是underThereisalightoverthetable.on侧重于与物体表面的接触，其反义词是beneathTherearesometoysonthedesk.即学即练aboveonoverTheplaneflew ________ theclouds.Thereisabridge ________ theriver.Heputthebook ________ thedesk.2.across,over,through,pastacross横穿；穿越，表示运动发生在物体的表面。Hecanswimacrosstheriver.over跨过；越过，表示运动发生在物体的上方。Theplaneflewoverthemountains.through穿过，越过，表示运动发生在空间内部。Theywentthroughtheforest.past从……旁经过，表示运动发生在某物旁边。Theywalkedpastahospital.即学即练across,over,through,pastThehorsejumped ________ thefence.Afterwalking ________ theforest,theyarrivedatthesmallvillage.Thedogisrunning ________ thegrassafterthecat.Agirlwent ________ meinahurry.3.in,to,onin，表示“在某范围之内”，且强调两者的包含关系。HongKongisacityinChina.on，表示“两地接壤”，强调两者的相邻关系。RussiaisonthenorthofChina.to，表示“不相邻，在……以外”，强调两者的远离关系。JapanistotheeastofChina.即学即练in,on,toShanghailies ________ theeastofChina.SouthKorealies ________ theeastofChina.Mongolialies ________ thenorthofChina.4.at,in,onat，用于指较小的地方Hearrivedatthevillageyesterday.in用于较大的地方HearrivedinBeijingonWednesday.on一般指与面或线接触。Putthepictureonthewall.即学即练in,on,atSomepicturesare ________ thewall.Wearewaitingforyou ________ thestation.Hewillarrive ________ Shanghaiintwodays.onthetree表示植物本身生长出来的枝叶，花果Therearemanyapplesonthetree.inthetree表示表示植物本身以外的人或物在树上Therearemanybirdsinthetree.即学即练Theboyscarvedtheirnames ________ .Mostoftheapples ________ havebeeneaten.5.before,infrontof,inthefrontofbefore表示在空间的位置，意为“在……面前、眼前”，多用于抽象概念或表示顺序。AcomesbeforeBinthealphabet.infrontof“在……前面(外部)”，常表示建筑物或无生命的物体的具体位置，反义词为behind。Mr.Blackisstandinginfrontofthebus.inthefrontof“在……前部(内部)”，它表示的是在某一具体范围之内的前部。Mr.Blackissittinginthefrontofthebus.即学即练before,infrontof,inthefrontofHowmanystudentsstand ________ theclassroom?Youcan’tbuythemintheshop ________ eighto’clock.Thereisaplayground ________ ourclassroom.6.among,betweenamong“在……之间”，常用于三者或三者以上的人或物中。Helivesinahouseamongthetrees.among,betweenbetween指两者之间，表示彼此间清楚的独立的个体关系。What’sthedifferencebetweenAsianelephantsandAfricanelephants?即学即练among,betweenThebankis________thebookstoreandthepostoffice.Hiscousinisthetallest________allthestudents.7.at,in,onat指时间的点，时刻等。Igetupateighto’clock.in表示非具体的时间（如年，月，世纪，上午，下午，晚上等）。Iwasbornin1980.on用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间，如某日，某节日等IhavetwoclassesonWednesday.即学即练at,in,on______Mother’sDay,weshouldsendflowerstoourmother.Early______themorning,Igotuptocatchthefirstbustothezoo．Wegetup______eighto’clock．8.except,besides,exceptforexcept“除……外”，指整体里面排除部分AllarepresentexceptJim.besides“除……之外（还有）”，指包括在整体里面TwootherstudentswereondutybesidesLucy.exceptfor“除了……”，表示除去整体中的一部分，美中不足Thecompositionisverygoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.即学即练except,besides,exceptfor_________English,theyalsostudymath,physicsandchemistry.Heansweredallthequestions_________thelastone.Yourcompositionisgood_________afewspellingmistakes.9.becauseof,dueto,thanksto1)becauseof“因为，由于”，通常作状语，位于句首或句尾。Theroadisclosedbecauseofthesnow.真题再现(2019)30.Attheopeningceremony,theheadmastergaveashortspeech,______alongone,toalltheparticipants.A.becauseof B.insteadofC.inspiteof D.asaresultof2)dueto“由于，因为”，通常作表语。Hismistakewasduetoyouthandcarelessness.真题再现(2020)20._____highcostoflivinginbigcities,