新冠疫情后的亚太经合组织创意产业报告英

APECCreativeIndustries

inThePost-COVID-19

Pandemic

GeneralSituationsandPolicyResponses

APECDigitalEconomySteeringGroup

March2024

March2024

APECCreativeIndustries

inThePost-COVID-19Pandemic:

GeneralSituationsandPolicy

Responses

Bali,Indonesia|16-17October2023

APECDigitalEconomySteeringGroup

APECProject:DESG042022A

Producedby

RullyF.Sukarno

(ProjectOverseer)

MinistryofForeignAffairsoftheRepublicofIndonesia

Jl.PejambonNo.6.JakartaPusat,10110,Indonesia

Email:

rullyfs@kemlu.go.id;

apecindonesia@kemlu.go.id

apecindonesia@

For

Asia-PacificEconomicCooperationSecretariat

35HengMuiKengTerrace

Singapore119616

Tel:(65)68919600

Fax:(65)68919690

Email:

info@

Website:

©2024APECSecretariat

APEC#224-CT-01.7

APECCreativeIndustriesinThePostCOVID-19Pandemic

AdvancingFreeTradeforAsia-pacificprosperity

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Contents

ExecutiveSummary5

Background6

HowCreativeIndustriesContribute

toEconomicDevelopment

9

InnovationtoPromote

theDevelopmentofCreativeIndustry

16

GovernmentPolicies

andApproachesintheCreativeSectors

25

DiscussionandRecommendation

33

Annex37

APECCreativeIndustriesinThePostCOVID-19Pandemic

AdvancingFreeTradeforAsia-pacificprosperity

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ExecutiveSummary

Thecreativeindustry1generatesUSD2.2trillionannuallyor3%oftheworld'sGDP.Thefiguresarerelativelylowconsideringitspotential.Dataontheexport-importofgoodsandservicesofthecreativeindustryindicatedthatthenumbersincreasedyearly–exceptfor2020whichmarkedtheoutbreakoftheCOVID-19pandemic.However,in2021,theindicatorssuggestedanincreaseandevensurpassingthenumbersbeforethepandemic.ItwouldbebeneficialforAsia-PacificEconomicCooperation(APEC)economiestounderstandthisupwardtrend.ThiswouldprovideanopportunityforEconomiestotakeadvantageofthepotentialofthecreativeindustryinassistingtheirrecoveryfrompandemicdisruptionandacceleratetheirrespectiveprosperity.

Despiteitsdevastatingimpact,COVID-19wasacatalystfornumerousinnovations.Thelockdownandtravellimitationnecessitatedmoreonline/virtualinteractionandconsequentlypushedforfurtherdigitaladoption.Tosurvive,manynewbusinessmodelswereadoptedsuchasonlineconcerts;andonlinemarketplaces;whilefooddeliverydemandswereskyrocketing.Yet,someeconomieswerestillleftbehindinthisnewdigitalenvironmentduetodifficultiesencounteredwithinthecurrentdigitalinfrastructureorlackofdigitalskills.

Thisfinalpaperlooksintothegeneralsituationandpolicyresponsefromseveraleconomiesinthecreativeindustriespriortoandduringthepandemic,aswellastheplantorecoverpost-pandemic.Thepaperalsoelaboratesthatthebestpracticesindigitalinnovationcontributetoseveralkeyenablerssuchasthedistributionofproductsormarketaccess,accesstofinancing,andnetworksaswellascreativehubsforcollaboration.Inmarketaccess,forexample,cross-bordercommercecanbeanalternativetosellingtheproductwhilemusic/videostreamingplatformscanbeutilizedasmarketingmediums.Inthecontextof

financingaccess,thepaperdiscussesIntellectualProperty(IP)ascollateralinthecreativeindustryandalsohighlightsdigitalfinancingsuchascrowdfunding.Lastly,weexaminehowtomaximizethecreativehubtoharnesscross-sectoralcollaborations.Thus,digitaltransformationneedstobeconsideredbypolicymakerstobeagame-changerinpursuingeconomicrecoveryinparticularcreativeindustries.

Asidefromdeskresearchstudy,thispaperincludedinsightsfromtheAPECWorkshoponPromotingCreativeIndustriesintheAftermathofCOVID-19:SharingofBestPractices,andIdentifyingOpportunitiesandChallengesheld16-17October2023inBali,withspeakersandparticipantsfromseveraleconomiesrepresentativessuchasHongKong,China;Indonesia;Japan;Malaysia;Peru;thePhilippines,Thailand;theUnitedStates;andVietNamwhojoinedphysicallyandonline.TheWorkshophasenrichedthefindingsfromthebackgroundpaperandhelpedcreaterecommendationsforthecreativeindustryineconomies

Recommendationsfromthebackgroundpaperandtheworkshopareprovidedtobridgethegapbetweentheeconomiestogaineconomicbenefitsfromthecreativeindustries.Therecommendationsarecategorizedintoshort-term,medium-term,andlong-term.Promotingpublicandprivateinvestmentforcreativeindustriesaswellasutilizingdigitalplatformsarecountedasquickwins/short-term.Establishingcreativehubsineconomiesfordifferentcreativeindustries,integratingcreativeanddigitalskills,technology,andculturalexchangetoenrichtheserviceandgoodsaredeemedmedium-termsolutions.Meanwhile,long-termsolutionsincludeencouragingthecreativeindustryasacatalystforthenewmodelofeconomicdevelopment.

1Inthispaper,forthepurposeofclarity,wewillmostlyrefertotheterm“creativeindustry”.Therewillbesomementioningofcreativeeconomy;creativeindustry;creativesectors;orcreativeandculturalsectors(creativeindustry),dependingonthestudiesofrespectiveinstitutions/organizations.Mostofthesetermsareinterchangeableintheirrespectivediscussion,andthispaperdoesnotattempttoformulateacommonagreeddefinitionofcreativeeconomy.Thetermsusedwithinthedefinitionoftherespectiveorganization/institutionfromwillberespected.Thispaperwilldiscussvariousreferencesfromnotablestudies,suchastheUNCTAD,UNESCOamongothers.

SECTION1

Background

APECCreativeIndustriesinThePostCOVID-19Pandemic

AdvancingFreeTradeforAsia-pacificprosperity

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Thecreativeindustryisagrowingsectorintheglobaleconomy,andtheAPECregionisnoexception.TheUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment(UNCTAD)reportnotedthatthecreativeindustryhasproventoberobustdatingbacktothe2008financialcrisis.Thedesign,fashion,andfilmindustries’rapidexpansionpropelledtradeincreativegoodstodoublefromUSD208billionin2008toUSD509billionin2015,abovetheaveragegrowthrateof7%(UNCTAD,2023).In2019,thecreativeindustryinAPECmembereconomiesaccountedforoverUSD8trillioninoutputandover25millionjobs.

Wehavewitnessedsounddevelopmentsintheglobalcreativeindustryduringthelastfewyears.Thecreativeindustryhasbecomepartofmanydomesticplanningintheregionduetoitsimpact.Governmentagenciesthatspecificallyhandlethecreativeindustryhave

alsobeenestablishedinsomeareas.The

creativeindustryisattractingdecision-makers

attentionasitraiseditssignificanceintheglobal

economywithitspotentialtosupportSDGsand

assistineconomicrecovery,particularlyinlight

ofthepossiblerecession.Moreover,withthe

riseofdigitalplatforms,thecreativeindustry

hasmoreopportunitiestogrow.Thecreative

industryhasgrownsignificantlyasaresultofthe

useofdigitalplatforms.Digitalplatformshave

providedcreativeproductsandserviceswith

newdistributionandconsumptionchannels,as

wellasopeningnewmarkets.

TheCOVID-19pandemicin2020-2022hada

detrimentalimpactonthecreativeeconomyin

theAPECregion(Nurse,2020).Theclosure

ofbusinessesandtherestrictionsontravel

havemadeitdifficultforcreativeworkers

andbusinessestooperate.However,digital

platformsservedtomitigatetheimpactof

APECCreativeIndustriesinThePostCOVID-19Pandemic

AdvancingFreeTradeforAsia-pacificprosperity

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thepandemic.Digitalplatformsprovidednewavenuesforcreativeworkerstoconnectwithaudiences,andhavehelpedbusinessessellproductsandservicesonline.Astheworldrecoversfromthepandemic,digitalplatformscontinuetoplayanimportantroleinthegrowthofthecreativeindustryinAPEC.Theywillprovidenewopportunitiesforcreativeworkersandbusinessestoreachnewmarkets,andtheywilldriveinnovationinthecreativesector.

Thispaperfocusesonthestrategyoverviewofthecreativeindustrysectorandhowdigitalplatformssupportthissectorineconomies.Itdiscussestheopportunitiesthatdigitalplatformsoffertocreativeworkersandbusinesses,anditexploresthechallengesthatneedtobeaddressedtofullyrealizethepotentialofdigitalplatformsinsupportingthecreativeindustry.ThefirstsectionprovidesanoverviewofthecreativeindustrygloballyandintheAPECregion,anditelaboratesontheroleofcreativeindustries’economiceffectssuchasjobcreationandexports.

Thesecondsectionfocusesontheopportunities

thatdigitalplatformsofferforcreativeworkersand

businesses.Itshowshowdigitalplatformscan

helpcreativeworkersconnectwithaudiences,

howtheycanhelpbusinessesselltheirproducts

andservicesonline,andhowtheycanhelpdrive

innovationinthecreativeindustry.Thethird

sectionexploresthechallengesthatneedtobe

addressedtofullyrealizethepotentialofdigital

platformsforthecreativeindustry.Itdiscusses

issuessuchasintellectualpropertyrights,and

thedigitaldivide.Thefourthsectionhighlights

experiencesfromthreeeconomiesthatcombine

governmentinterventionwithtechnologyor

digitalizationtopromotethecreativeindustry.

Thepaperconcludeswithrecommendations

forthefutureofthecreativeeconomyinAPEC,

andithighlightstheopportunitiesthatdigital

platformsofferforthegrowthofthecreative

industriesintheregion.

SECTION2

HowCreativeIndustries

ContributetoEconomic

Development

APECCreativeIndustriesinThePostCOVID-19Pandemic

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Theconceptofthecreativeindustryhasgainedtractioninrecentyearsbothindevelopedanddevelopingeconomies,whilecreativityandinnovationhavebeenafocusofattentionineconomicsandbusinessformanyyears.

UNCTADstatesthatthereisnosingledefinitionofcreativeeconomy,itelaboratescreativeeconomyasaninteractionbetweenhumancreativityandideasandintellectualproperty,knowledge,andtechnology.Meanwhile,theUnitedNationsconceptofcreativeeconomyiscloselylinkedtothe“knowledgeeconomy”whereinvestmentinhumancapitalwillbeakeydrivertoboostgrowth(UNCTAD,2022).Furthermore,aUNCTADreportexplainsthatdefinitionsofcreativeeconomydifferacrosseconomiesandinternationalorganizations.ThereportalsostatesthatUNCTADdefinescreativeindustriesastheuseofcreativityandintellectualcapitalasmaininputsinthecyclesofcreating,producing,anddistributinggoodsandservices.Itconsistsofallknowledge-basedactivitiestoproducetangibleandintangiblegoodsorartisticserviceswitheconomicvalueandmarketpurposes.Meanwhile,theADBreportemploystheoriginaldefinitionofcreativeeconomybyUNCTADandUNDPas“anevolvingconceptbasedoncreativeassetspotentiallygeneratingeconomicgrowthanddevelopment”(ADB,2022).

Creativeindustrieshavegrownrapidlyineveryregionoftheworld,eitherindevelopingordevelopedeconomies,beforetheCOVID-19pandemic.Forinstance,accordingtoUNCTAD’sdata,theexportvalueofcreativegoodsindevelopingeconomiesgrewaround308%from2002to2019whileexportsfromdevelopedeconomiesgrew111%duringthesameperiod.Similarly,creativeservicesoutputindevelopingeconomiesgrewabout264%from2010to2019andincreasedaround107%inthedevelopedeconomiesoverthesameperiod.However,thecreativeindustriesprovideafeasibledevelopmenttoalleconomies,especiallydevelopingeconomiesasmentionedinUNCTAD’sCreativeEconomyOutlook2022.Thereportindicatesthatdevelopingeconomiescanexportmorecreativegoodsthandevelopedones.In2020,Chinawasthelargestexporterofcreativegoods(USD169billion),followedbytheUnitedStates(USD32billion),Italy(USD27billion),Germany(USD26billion)andHongKong(USD24billion).

APECCreativeIndustriesinThePostCOVID-19Pandemic

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2.1.CreativeIndustriesContributiontoGDP

andEmploymentRate

Thecreativeindustrieshaveanimportantroleineconomicdevelopmentthroughspurringeconomicgrowth,employment,andinnovation,amongothers(ADB,2022&Changetal,2021).ThesefindingsareconsistentwiththereportreleasedbyUNESCOin2013statingthatthecreativeeconomypositivelycontributestoincomecreation,employment,andexportincome(UNESCO,2013).Inaddition,thecreativeindustryalsohasanotableimpactoneffortstodiversifysourcesofexportincome(particularlyforeconomiesthataretraditionallybasedonmanufacturingoragriculture)andthusassistinraisingeconomicresilience.

Similarfindingsalsoappearinseveralstudieswherethecreativeindustryissignificantlyimpactfulinimprovingtheeconomicperformanceinoneregionasindicatedbyanincreasednumberofjobopportunitiesandeconomicgrowth(Hui,2007;MartinaitytėandKregždaitė,2015).Specifically,theCreativeEconomyReportfrom2010releasedbyUNCTADstatesthatdevelopedeconomiesoptimizedtheadvantagesofthecreativeeconomytosupportseveralindicatorsincludingeconomicgrowth,employment,trade,innovation,andsocialcohesion.Thisringstrueasthenewdevelopmentparadigmpointsoutcreativity,knowledge,andaccesstoinformationasdriversofeconomicgrowth(UNCTAD,2010).Despitethisdevelopment,developingeconomieshaveyettooptimizethepotentialofthecreativeindustryduetoalackofsupportingpoliciesandbusinessenvironment.

Thecreativeindustryisalsoincreasinglyviewedasanuntappedpotentialtosolvetheproblemofeconomicgrowthandyouthunemploymentand

alsoservesasastrategicenginetobuildhumancapitalandachievesustainabledevelopment(UNIDO,2013).Moreover,creativeindustriesalsocontributetothe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopmentbyprovidingjobopportunitiesandtechnology-resilientemployment,aswellasthepossibilityofredefiningthefutureofwork.

Accordingtopre-COVID-19crisisforecastsbytheADBreport(2022),thecreativeeconomywouldtakea10%portionoftheglobalGDPby2030.Inemergingmarkets,thecreativeeconomyplaysacrucialroleincreatinginformaljobsforanestimated300millionworkers,withpre-crisisestimatesofapotentialglobalvaluationofUSD985billionby2023.Globally,creativegoodsexportssignificantlygrewbetween2002and2015,averaging7%.Therefore,thereissignificantpotentialforthissectortodriveeconomicgrowththroughjobcreationandincomegeneration,promotinginnovation,andsocieties’well-being.

APECCreativeIndustriesinThePostCOVID-19Pandemic

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2.2.TheExportandImportTrendofCreativeGoods

UNCTAD2023Statisticsindicatethattheglobalexportvalueofcreativegoodsincreasedsignificantly,around193%from2002to2021(seePicture1)(UNCTAD,2023).Inthisparticularfigure,UNCTADcategorizescreativegoods,includingartsandcrafts,audiovisuals,design,newmedia,performingarts,publishing,andvisualarts.Basedonthisdata,designexperiencedaround238%growthduringthis

periodandcontributedapproximately65,4%tothetotalglobalexportvaluein2021.Thedatafurtherprovidesinsightsthattheexportvalueofthesegoodsfurthergrownsince2011duringtheperiod.Itisworthnoting,however,thatthereisstillsomeunreporteddatarelatingtoimportorexportinseveraleconomiesassomedataduringthisperiodwereinconsistent.

Figure1.TheGlobalExportandImportValueofCreativeGoods(USDBillion)

ExportImport

227.8

208.5

249.1

232.1

281.4

263.1

312.0

291.1

332.9

361.9

432.8

400.6

464.9

441.5

379.1

378.2

418.6

422.0

490.2

466.0

524.6534.5

471.8471.7

580.5

491.2

532.6

471.6

515.5

464.9

547.3

502.0

584.3

531.6

599.5

537.8

524.5

466.1

611.3

528.6

20022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021

Source:UNCTADStatistics,2023

Note:Theglobalcreativegoodsincludeartsandcrafts,audiovisuals,design,newmedia,performingarts,publishing,andvisualarts

APECCreativeIndustriesinThePostCOVID-19Pandemic

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Meanwhile,theglobalexportofcreativeservicesgrewbyapproximately119%from2010to2020(seePicture2).Thesefiguresconsistofresearchanddevelopment;software;audio-visual;information;advertising,marketresearch,andarchitecture;andcultural,recreational,andheritageservices.Softwareservicesgrewapproximately194%duringtheperiodand

wasthehighestcontributortotheglobalexportvalueofcreativeservicesataround39,4%in2020.Similartothepriorfigure,thedatamaybeinconclusiveastherearealsounreportedimportsduringtheperiod.Theavailabilityofaccurateandcompletedataisessentialandneedstobeprovidedasitwillassistincraftingamoreprecisepolicyapproach.

Figure2.TheGlobalExportandImportValueofCreativeServices(USDBillion)

DevelopingEconomies

DevelopedEcomonies

855.8905.9877.3

762.9/

678.9

638.6638.3

553.9

499.9512.3

437.6

49.1

.

59.9

.

68.4

.

93.0

.

121.3124.2

141.5

110.8

.

167.1

.

178.8

.

188.1

.

20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020

Source:UNCTADStatistics,2023

Note:Theglobalcreativeservicesincluderesearchanddevelopment;software;audio-visual;information;advertising,marketresearch,andarchitecture;andcultural,recreational,andheritageservices.

APECCreativeIndustriesinThePostCOVID-19Pandemic

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Moreover,between2002to2010,theexportvalueofcreativegoodsindevelopingeconomieswaslowerthanindevelopedeconomiesbutthetrendshiftedsince2011andthegapbecamewider(seePicture3).Theexportvalueindevelopingeconomiesrosearound344%from2002to2021,

comparedtoonly97%indevelopedeconomies.Consideringthefavorablefiguresfordevelopingeconomies,thiscouldbeseenasanopportunityparticularlyfordevelopingeconomiestopromotecreativeindustry,especiallygoods,toincreasetheireconomicgrowthandtocreatemorejobs.

Figure3.TheExportValueofCreativeGoodsinDevelopingandDevelopedEconomies(USDBillion)

DevelopingEconomies

DevelopedEconomies

140.9

127.4

91.1

81.1

254.3

235.1

203.2

185.2

170.1

157.5

175.9

187.2

165.4

131.7

121.0

105.6

291.9

249.2

214.9

232.7

241.1

203.7

329.7

295.5

250.8

239.0

331.0

318.3

298.1300.8

280.6

268.5

266.0

247.4

234.5235.0

359.6

295.9

251.7

228.6

20022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021

Source:UNCTADStatistics,2023

Note:Theglobalcreativegoodsincludeartsandcrafts,audiovisuals,design,newmedia,performingarts,publishing,andvisualarts.DevelopingeconomiescompriseAfrica,LatinAmerica,andtheCaribbean,AsiawithoutIsrael,Japan,andtheRepublicofKorea,andOceaniawithoutAustraliaandNewZealand.DevelopedeconomiescompriseNorthernAmericaandEurope,Israel,Japan,theRepublicofKorea,Australia,andNewZealand.

APECCreativeIndustriesinThePostCOVID-19Pandemic

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204.1

199.2

、

249.9

242.0

Meanwhile,thefiguresfortheexportvalueofcreativeservicestendtobemorefavorabletodevelopedeconomiesduringtheperiod(seePicture4).Itisstillworthnotingtheimpressivegrowthoftheexportvalueindevelopingeconomieswhichgrewaround283%from2010to2020whileduringthesameperiod,thatofdevelopedeconomiesgrewonlyaround100%.

Figure4.TheExportValueofCreativeServicesinDevelopingandDevelopedEconomies(USDBillion)

Services

Goods

371.2

364.7

353.4

304.8

326.9

309.3

359.6

一312.2/

295.2

337.4

●297.2

272.1

329.5

316.3

309.8

232.2/

291.8

225.3

276.5

279.3

230.6

147.2

159.2

198.6

130.2

115.8

107.2

20022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021

Source:UNCTADStatistics,2023

Note:Theglobalcreativeservicesincluderesearchanddevelopment;software;audio-visual;information;advertising,marketresearch,andarchitecture;andcultural,recreational,andheritageservices.DevelopingeconomiescompriseofAfrica;theCaribbean;andLatinAmerica;AsiawithoutIsrael;Japan;andRepublicofKorea;andOceaniawithoutAustraliaandNewZealand.DevelopedeconomiescompriseofAustralia;Europe;Israel;Japan;RepublicofKorea,NorthernAmerica;andNewZealand.

Ineconomies,theexportvalueofcreativegoodsexceededthatofservicesfrom2010-2016,whenitthenstartedtoshiftwithexportsinservicesexceedingthatofgoods.Tonote,intermsofpercentage,thedropinexportvalueofcreative

goodswerehigherthanthatofservicesduringtheCOVID-19pandemic.Meanwhile,thegrowthofcreativeservicesbetween2010and2020wasaround84%.Duringthesameperiod,thegrowthofcreativegoodsissmallerthancreativeservicesataround36%.

SECTION3

InnovationtoPromote

theDevelopment

ofCreativeIndustry

APECCreativeIndustriesinThePostCOVID-19Pandemic

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3.1.DigitalizationasanEnableroftheCreativeIndustryEcosystem

Policymakersneedtohaveanunderstandingofthecreativeindustry’seconomicpotentialwhichinturnwouldbebeneficialinhelpingeconomicrecoveryinthepost-COVID-19era.Beforethepandemic,wewitnessedmanydigitaltransformationsinthecreativeindustry.Museumdigitalization,andonlineticketselling,tonameafew.whichraisedtheincomeofcreativeworkers(Nurse,2020).AlthoughsomedigitaltransformationinthecreativeindustrysectorhadalreadybeenimplementedbeforetheCOVID-19pandemic,webegantofullyharnessthebenefitsofdigitalizationinourdailylivesduringthepandemic.

Digitaltransformationcanbetrackedintwotypesofcreativesectors(Li,2020).Thefirstisthetraditionalcreativeindustrysuchasculinaryorpublishingwhereasthesecondisrelatedtodigitalnativesectorslikevideogames.Usingtheframeworkofautomation,extension,andtransformationinbusinessmodels,manytraditionalcreativeindustriessuchasmuseums,culinary,orevenpublishingcompaniesareutilizingrecenttechnologyandinnovationssuchasdigitalplatformstomarketeventsorselltickets.Moreover,someofthemhaveevendigitalizedtheirproducttoprovidemoreexperiencetoanewgenerationofconsumers(Deloitte,2021).

Welcominganewgenerationofconsumerswhogrewupasdigitalnativesischallengingfortraditionalcreativeactorsastheyneedtoconstantlyfollowthemostrecentinnovationsandtechnologies.InsightfromtheAPECWorkshop,digitalplatformshavebecomethestandardfortheproduction,financing,marketing,anddistributionofcreativegoods.Forinstance,employingblockchaintechnologytoprotectIPrightsandprovidefunding,leveragingmachinelearningtodelivertailoreddigitalmarketing,andpromotingproductsthroughonlinevideoplatforms.Forthecreativeindustriestoremainviable,traininginutilizingthepotentialofdigitalinnovationandtechnologyisthereforeessential.

Sincearoundadecadeago,thenumberofplatformsdistributingcreativeworkshasincreased(UNCTAD,2018).ContentgenerationplatformslikeYouTubeandSpotifycansupportmusiciansandartistsinsellingtheirproducts.Inaddition,e-commerceplatformssuchasAlibaba,SeaGroup,Amazon,andsocialcommercelikeMeta,TikTok,etchavealsocontributedtothecreativeindustrybusinessgrowthbefore,during,andafterthepandemic.Anotherexample,isfooddeliveryplatformssuchasGo-FoodinIndonesia,MeituaninChina,andDoordashintheUShavesignificantlybeenalifelinetothoseintheculinarybusinesses(viewthetwofiguresbelow:fooddeliveryandmusicrevenues).

APECCreativeIndustriesinThePostCOVID-19Pandemic

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InBillion(USD)

Figure5.GlobalRevenuesMusic

SegmentsPercentage2019

Figure6.GlobalFoodOnline

DeliveryMarket

12.60%

51.10%

2.40%

7.20%

21.60%

StreamingPhysicalFormatSales.PerformingRights

●Downloads&