高考英语语法填空之词性变化（二）课件

高考英语语法填空词性变化（二）题型分析01常见前缀后缀归纳复习前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性；后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。01后缀副词后缀副词后缀-ly：absolutely,completely,exactly,extremely,frequently,obviously,particularly,similarly,suddenly形容词后缀-able/-ible：reasonable,flexible,reliable,valuable,accessible,considerable-ive：effective,sensitive,attractive,impressive-al/-ial：practical,beneficial,financial,facial,mental,personal-ate：considerate,fortunate-ful：powerful,successful,wonderful,fearful,respectful,skillful,thoughtful,shameful-ly：likely,lively,lonely,deadly,elderly,hourly,yearly,daily-ent：confident,convenient,independent,different,violent-less:countless,homeless,useless,breathless,effortless,selfless-y:guilty,healthy,hungry,sleepy,tasty,thirsty,wealthy,worthy,dusty-ic：energetic,scientific,fantastic-ary/-ory：contradictory,documentary,imaginary-ous：obvious,various,adventurous,ambitious,courageous,disastrous,mountainous名词后缀-ity/-ty/-y：curiosity,responsibility,safety,security,similarity,necessity-ance/-ence：appearance,performance,acceptance,confidence,preference,significance-sion/-tion：contribution,decision,impression,admission,concentration,discussion,donation-th：strength,depth,growth,length,warmth,width-ment：achievement,treatment,amusement,arrangement,excitement,improvement-ure/-ture/-ature：failure,pressure,exposure,mixture,signature-ing：building,suffering,understanding,warning-al：approval,arrival,survival-cy：accuracy,fluency,frequency,privacy-ness：awareness,coldness,weakness动词后缀-ate:concentrate,accelerate,advocate,regulate-(e)n:broaden,fasten,frighten,sharpen,strengthen,darken,deepen,harden,lengthen-(i)fy：satisfy,clarify,classify,identify,qualify,simplify,terrify-ize/-ise:apologize,organize,realize,recognize名词后缀（人）-ar/-er/-or：conductor,director,engineer,beggar,employer,instructor,interviewer,lawyer,liar-ist：artist,novelist,specialist,tourist,pianist,scientist,violinist-ant：accountant,assistant,servant词性变化之形容词类1.形容词＋后缀-ity变为名词electric→electricity电；电流；电学equal→equality平等major→majority大多数popular→popularity受欢迎；流行real→reality现实secure→security安全similar→similarity相似点2.以后缀-ity结尾的高频名词cruelty残忍diversity多样性necessity必需品；需要possibility可能性security安全similarity相似(性)3.形容词＋后缀-en变为动词bright→brighten使愉快；使明亮broad→broaden加宽；拓宽dark→darken使变暗deep→deepen加深；使变深fright→frighten(使)惊吓hard→harden使变硬light→lighten使变轻long→lengthen加长loose→loosen(使)变松；放松；松开quick→quicken加快ripe→ripen变成熟；使成熟sharp→sharpen磨快；使锋利short→shorten变短；缩短soft→soften使变软strong→strengthen加强weak→weaken使变弱wide→widen加宽；拓宽4.形容词＋后缀-th变为名词deep→depth深；深处grow→growth成长long→length长；长度strong→strength力量true→truth真理warm→warmth温暖wide→width宽度5.形容词＋后缀-ness变为名词aware→awareness意识careless→carelessness粗心大意conscious→consciousness知觉dark→darkness黑暗eager→eagerness渴望happy→happiness幸福；高兴kind→kindness仁慈；好意kind→kindness仁慈；好意lonely→loneliness孤独rude→rudeness粗鲁sad→sadness悲哀；悲伤sick→sickness疾病weak→weakness弱点；虚弱willing→willingness愿意6.以后缀-ious结尾的形容词

ambitious有雄心的；野心勃勃的cautious小心的；谨慎的conscious有意识的envious忌妒的；猜忌的mysterious神秘的religious宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的7.以后缀-ical结尾的形容词economical经济的；节约的electrical与电有关的historical与历史有关的logical逻辑的magical神奇的；像变魔术似的musical音乐的；悦耳的political政治的8.形容词＋后缀-ly变为副词fluent→fluently流利地frequent→frequently频繁地；经常地actual→actually实际上entire→entirely完全；全部地gradual→gradually逐渐地fortunate→fortunately幸运地final→finally最后extreme→extremely极其模拟练习02We’veallturnedtosadmusictomakeusfeel

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(good)atsomepointinourlives,butwhydoesdoublingdownonthesadnesshelpdragusoutofthemire(泥沼)？Anewstudyshedslightonwhat’sgoingoninsideourbrains

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wematchourmusictoourfeelings.Itlookslikesadmusiccanbeenjoyable-ratherthan

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(simple)depressing-becauseittriggerspositivememoriesthatcanhelptoliftourmood.PsychologistAdrianNorthfromCurtinUniversityinAustraliasaysthere

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(be)twogroupsofpossible

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(explain)forwhyweenjoylisteningtosadmusiclikethis:onefromsocialpsychology,andonefromcognitiveneuroscience(认知神经学).Intermsofsocialpsychology,onewayof

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(think)aboutthisisthatwefeelmuchbetterabout

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(we)ifwefocusonsomeonewho’sdoingevenworse,aprocessknownasdownwardsocialcomparison.Everything’sgoingtobeokay,becausethisperson

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(have)anevenworsedaythanyouare.Anothertheoryfromsocialpsychologyisthatpeopleliketolisten

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musicthatmirrorsthetoneoftheircurrentlifecircumstances-thesongsactas

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sortoftuningfork(音叉)forourownsituationsandtheyresonate(共鸣)withus.【答案】41.better42.when/as43.simply44.are45.explanations46.thinking47.ourselves48.ishaving/has49.to50.a【解析】这是一篇说明文。我们都曾在生命中的某些时刻通过听悲伤的歌来让自己好受一些，但是为什么更多的悲伤反而会让我们走出低谷呢？社会心理学有的派别认为是通过下行社会比较让我们感觉好一些，有的派别认为是那些悲伤的音乐让我们产生心理共鸣，所以感觉会好一些。41.考查形容词比较级。句意：我们都曾在生命中的某些时刻通过听悲伤的歌来让自己好受一些。空格处单词位于系动词feel后，应用形容词形式。根据句意“让我们感受更好受一些”，应使用形容词比较级形式。且空格处单词与第三段中的“feelmuchbetter”呼应，故填better。42.考查时间状语从句中的连词。句意：一项新的研究阐明了当我们将所听的音乐与心中感受配对的时候我们大脑里到底发生了什么。根据句意，这是一个时间状语从句。由于空格后句子使用的是一般现在时，所以空格处连词可以填when/as。43.考查副词。句意：其结果显示：悲伤的音乐也能带来愉悦而不是简单地令人低落。空格处单词修饰形容词depressing，应用副词形式。故填simply。44.考查主谓一致。句意：关于我们为什么喜欢听悲伤的音乐有两派可能的解释。这里使用的是therebe句型，be动词与其后主语保持一致。句中“twogroupsof”为复数意义，故be动词填are。45.考查名词的复数形式。句意同上。空格处单词位于形容词后介词前，应用名词形式。“explain（解释）”的名词形式为explanation，且为可数名词。这句话后列出了来自社会心理学与来自认知神经科学的两派解释，所以空格处名词用复数形式。故填explanations。46.考查动名词。句意：从社会心理学这一派来讲，有一种思路是：当我们把注意力集中在一个比我们过得还惨的人身上时，我们会觉得好受些。空格位于介词of后，且thinkabout是动词词组，所以空格处填动名词形式。故填thinking。47.考查反身代词。句意同上。由于表语从句的从句部分主语we与about后的宾语指代的是同一类人，所以介词后宾语使用反身代词。we的反身代词为ourselves，故填ourselves。48.考查时态语态与主谓一致。句意：一切都会好起来的，因为这个人比你过得更惨。这是原因状语从句，前半句使用的是一般现在时，所以从句部分也使用一般时态。根据句意，从句部分使用一般现在时或现在进行时都可以，主语thisperson是第三人称单数，故填ishaving/has。49.考查介词。句意：另一个假说是人们喜欢听那些能反映自己现在生活境况基调的音乐，这些歌对于我们的境况来讲起到了类似音叉的作用，它们与我们产生了共鸣。“listen”是不及物动词，后边加名词时需要加介词to，故填to。50.考查冠词。句意同上。空格位于单数名词sort前，空格前为介词，所以空格处需要填冠词。“asortof”意为“一种”，为固定搭配。故填a。Mostpeopleatpresentaresobusywiththeirlivesthattheydonothavetime____41____(enjoy)ahealthyandbalanceddiet.Formostindividuals,as____42____resultofeatingfoodsrichinfatandsugarforseveralyears,theychoosetogoonadietbutfailattheend.Besuretobewithastrongawarenessthatyouare____43____youeat!Therefore,maintainingahealthydiet____44____(provide)yourbodywithnotonlyenergybutalsonumeroushealthbenefits.Thefirstoneisthatyouwillmeetyoureverydaynutritional____45____(require).Asweallknow,wehavetotakeinvariousnutritioneverydaytokeepfit.____46____(basic)speaking,youshouldmakesurethatyoutakeagoodamountofvegetables,grains,milkandproteins.Anotherbenefitisthatitistheeasiestandmost____47____(benefit)wayinwhichyoucanbeenergeticandprotectyourself____48____anumberofdiseaseswhengrowingold.Inmostcases,ahealthydietcanhelpyoudecreasetheriskof____49____(get)somediseaseslikediabetesandcancer.Andforthosewhowanttoloseweight,there____50____(come)goodnews!Keepahealthydietandyouwillfinallykeepahealthyweight!【答案】41.toenjoy42.a43.what44.provides45.requirement(s)46.Basically47.beneficial48.from/against49.getting50.comes【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了均衡的饮食对我们的健康有很多益处。41.考查固定短语。句意：目前大多数人忙于他们的生活，他们没有时间享受一个健康和平衡的饮食。固定短