模块四第8讲名词性从句学案含解析

第8讲名词性从句Ⅰ.语法填空1.(2020·浙江高考)Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlessonwhatcouldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.2.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidencethattheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Ⅱ.完成句子1.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluential(社会环境非常有影响)whenwe’remakingdecisions.

2.(2019·天津高考)Theopinionthatlearningisalifelongprocess(学习是终生的过程)hasbeenexpressedbyeducationexpertsthroughouttheyears.

3.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Iwasafraidtospeakinfrontofalargegroupofpeople(在一大群人面前讲话).

4.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself,Irealizehowfasttimeflies(时间过得真快).

语法填空谨记第1步判断是否属于名词性从句;第2步判断名词性从句中的连接词;若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语,用连接代词;若缺少状语就用连接副词;如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整,是否需要用whether/if;如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导词名词性从句由不同的引导词引导,从句一般保持陈述语序。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为3类:1.that引导的名词性从句that只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。该从句作主语通常用it作形式主语,而将从句置于句末。※(2019·江苏高考)Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidencethatplasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.(同位语从句)※Itissuggestedthatweshouldlimittheamountofcarsandbicyclestoimproveourenvironment.(主语从句)2.wh-引导的名词性从句wh-包括who,whom,whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等连接代词和where,when,why等连接副词。wh-词既起连接作用,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。从句作主语也常用it作形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末。※(2020·天津高考)ThestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometruewhatProfessorJosephhadsaid.※Itremainstobeseenhowtheseobstacleswillhelporhurtitseconomy.【点津】(1)what引导的名词性从句what作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问“什么……?”的问题,也可以表示相当于“名词/代词+关系代词引导的定语从句”结构的意思,意思是“所……的事/物”,相当于thething(s)that/which...。如:※Thisiswhat(=thethingthat)wehavebeenlookingforwardtoforyears.(2)wh-ever既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步状语从句;而nomatterwh-只能引导让步状语从句。※(2018·天津高考)Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoever(anyonewho)winsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.※Nooneisallowedtobreaktheregulations,whoever(anyonewho)heis.3.if,whether引导的名词性从句(1)引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether,不用if。※Thequestioniswhethertechnologyisgoingtobeourservantorourmaster.(2)whether与if引导宾语从句时大多数情况下可以互换,但下列情况下只能用whether:①后面直接跟ornot时用whether※Theynowhavetwoweekstodecidewhetherornottobuy.②用于介词后引导宾语从句时用whether※(2019·浙江高考)Butifhe’soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.小题快练①Whatstruckmewasthattheyhaveallsufferedalot.②ThatyouarecomingtoLondonisthebestnewsIhaveheardthislongtime.③Peoplebeganlookingacrosstoseewherethenoisewascomingfrom.④Ican’tsaywhetherheiscomingornot.⑤Whoeverdidthiswillsoonerorlaterbecaughtandwillbepunished.⑥Ididn’trealizehowheavythatshoppingwasgoingtobe.⑦Whethertheywouldsupportuswasaproblem.⑧Itisimportanttocheckwhenthelaboratorycandothetests.

主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。【点津】it作形式主语的句型有:①Itis+名词+从句Itisafactthat...事实是……Itisgoodnewsthat...……是好消息Itisaquestionthat...……是个问题Itiscommonknowledgethat...……是常识类似的名词还有:apity;awonder;agoodthing;nowonder;asurprise等。※Itisgoodnewsthatourteamhaswonthechampionship.※ItisapitythatIhavemissedawonderfulboxingmatch.②Itis+形容词+从句Itisnecessarythat...有必要……Itisclearthat...很清楚……Itislikelythat...很可能……Itisimportantthat...重要的是……类似的形容词还有:strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quiet;unusual;certain;evident;worthwhile;surprising;interesting;astonishing。※Itislikelythatthegoodshavemetwithsomeaccidentontheway.※Itisstrangethatheshouldhavegoneawaywithouttellingus.③Itis+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat...据说……Itisreportedthat...据报道……Ithasbeenprovedthat...已证明……Itmustbeprovedthat...必须指出……类似的过去分词还有:known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;madeclear;foundout等。※Itisreportedthattheaffectedareaisunderfurtherdetailedinvestigation.※Ithasbeenprovedthateverysubstance,nomatterwhatitis,ismadeupofatoms.小题快练①Whoeverwinstheelectionisgoingtohaveatoughjobgettingtheeconomybackonitsfeet.②Itwasapitythatyoudidn’tgotothetalk.

③Whatshockedmewasthatallofthesechildrenhadnoparents.

④Itisreported(report)thatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays.

宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语(作介词的宾语时必须由wh-疑问词引导)。1.that的省略与否that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不充当任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如果从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省略。如:※Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthathewasaskednottotellyou.2.句子的语序由who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whichever等引导的宾语从句,应注意句子的语序要用陈述语序。例如:※Canyouexplainwhyhedidn’tcometothepartylastSunday?【点津】①think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引导的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。※Idon’tthinkthefoodhereagreeswithme.※Wedon’tbelievehestolemoneyfromthestop.②动词doubt用在疑问句或否定句中时,其后宾语从句常用that作连接词;用在肯定句中时,连接词用whether或if皆可,而不用that。※Doyoudoubtthathewillwinthematch?※Idon’tdoubtthathecandoagoodjobofit.※Heoftendoubtswhether/ifheisadequateasafather.小题快练Ⅰ.单句语法填空①Heisquitestrange,foreverythinghedoesisoppositetowhatisconsiderednormalbehavior.②Beforecarryingouttheplan,wemustconsiderwhetherthenewuseofthedrugneedsfurthertests.③Ineverdoubtthatyoucanremembertenormoresentencesaday,butwithoutusingthem,they’renotyours.Ⅱ.单句翻译Wedon’tthinkhecanoperatethismachine.译:我们认为他不能操作这台机器。表语从句表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外,还可由because,asif(though)等引导。that引导表语从句,无词义,只起连接作用,不可省略。※(2018·北京高考)Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbewherewearenow.※(2018·江苏高考)Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichishowwearrived.※Itlooksasifasandstormiscomingup.※Thefactofthematteristhatmostpeopleconsumefarmoreproteinthantheyactuallyneed.【点津】①whether可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if不用于引导表语从句。②Thatisbecause...指原因或理由。Thatiswhy...指由于各种原因所造成的后果。※Thequestioniswhetherhewilljoinusnexttime.※Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.※Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.③当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。※ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatmycarbrokedownontheway.小题快练①OneofthegloriousmomentsinmyschoollifewaswhenIwasawardedtheMayor’sAward.②Whatwecanlearnfromthestoryisthatyoumustn’tblamechildrenforthemistakesoftheirparents.③Thatiswhereourproblemslie.

④Mycargoesfasterthanyours,whichiswhyIwanttokeepit.同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导。由于名词的意义不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision,word等。例如:※Wecametothedecisionthatwemustactatonce.※Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.※Wedon’tunderstandtheproblemwhythisisthebestchoice.【点津】that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别:同位语从句的that不充当句子成分,且不可省略;that引导的定语从句成分是残缺的,that代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语成分,充当宾语时可省略。※Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是thathewillcome,故that引导的是同位语从句)※Wearegladatthenewsthathetoldus.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制thenews的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句)小题快练①Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsontheresult.②Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.③Hehasanideathathecanfinishhisprojectbetter.

④Ihavenodoubtthathewillovercomeallthesedifficulties.学生用书P208Ⅰ.语法填空Nowadays,beforeweuploadaphotoofourselvestosocialmedia,chancesarethatwe’lluse1._________apptosmoothourskin,makeoureyesbigger,eyelasheslongerandlipsfuller.

Withacoupleoftapsonourmobilephones,we’reabletogetaquickfixandpresentourownbestversiontotheworld.2._________,theproblemis,whenwe3._________(simple)editourimperfectionsaway,we’realsochangingthewaywelookat4._________(we).

Lastmonth,5._________(research)fromtheBostonUniversity6._________(publish)anarticlewhichanalyzedphoto7._________(edit)apps’badimpactsonpeople’sself-esteemandtheirpotentialtocauseappearanceanxieties.Theywarnedthatsuchappsareblurring(难区分)thelinesbetweenrealityandfantasy.Theseappsallowone8._________(change)hisorherappearanceinminutesandfollowa(n)9._________(realistic)standardofbeauty.

Nowwe’vegotthisdailycomparisonoftherealselfwiththisintentionalorunintentionalselfthatwepresentonsocialmedia.Thisis10._________manyyoungpeoplesufferanidentitycrisiswhenitcomestohowtheylook.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍目前人们将自己的照片上传到社交媒体之前,我们很有可能会使用一款应用程序来美化我们的皮肤,让我们的眼睛更大,睫毛更长,嘴唇更丰满,波士顿大学(BostonUniversity)的研究人员发表了一篇文章,分析了照片编辑应用程序对人们自尊的负面影响,以及它们可能导致的外表焦虑。这就是许多年轻人在外貌问题上遭遇身份危机的原因。1.【解析】an。考查不定冠词。此处表示“一款”应用程序,app为可数名词表泛指,故用不定冠词,且app是以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。2.【解析】However。考查副词。设空处前一句句意:在我们的手机上轻敲几下,我们就能快速解决问题,向世界展示我们最好的版本。设空处后的句意:问题是,当我们简单地编辑我们的缺点时,我们也改变了我们看待自己的方式。可知前后句意为转折关系。故填However。3.【解析】simply。考查副词。此处edit是动词,由副词修饰,所给词simple是形容词,其副词形式是simply。故填simply。4.【解析】ourselves。考查反身代词。根据句意应用反身代词。主语为we,故填ourselves。5.【解析】researchers。考查名词复数。该空格处作句子主语,指波士顿大学的“研究人员们”,所以这里用名词复数,故填researchers。6.【解析】published。考查时态。根据Lastmonth可知句子用一般过去时,故填published。7.【解析】editing。考查形容词。photoeditingapps“照片编辑应用程序”,editing意为“用于编辑的”。故填editing。8.【解析】tochange。考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知句子的谓语是allow,change为非谓语;allowsb.todosth.是固定短语“允许某人做某事”。故填tochange。9.【解析】unrealistic。考查形容词。此处standard是名词,由形容词修饰,结合句意,该空填unrealistic。10.【解析】why。考查表语从句。此处表示结果,是why引导的表语从句。故填why。Ⅱ.语段填空Hello,boysandgirls!Today,Iamgoingtotalkaboutwhatyoushoulddo(你应该做什么)whenafirealarmgoesoff.Ifyouhearthealarm,standinlineatthedoorandwaitforyourteacher(