Unit+3+Diverse+Cultures+Discovering+Useful+Structures+课件【知识精讲精研】高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit3DiverseCulturesLanguagepointsunderstandtheuseofellipsisinEnglishEllipsisLearningobjectives:1.MasterthekindsofEllipsis.2.Learnusageofeachkind.3.UseEllipsisindailyexercise.预习(下列句子有什么特点？)1.Thoughtired,theywentonworking.2.Doesn'tmatter.3.(课本P28)Thisdistrictusedtobeapoorareaoftown,butisnowacentreforart,music,andfood.4.(课本P28)Arealmixofcultureshere!5.Hopetohearfromyousoon.

【自我归纳】上述句子中,1为______________的省略;2,3,5为省略_________;4为_________的省略。为了避免重复,将句子中的一个或几个成分省去,这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。英语中的省略有下列几种情况。在英语中,为了使句子简洁明快突出重点,常常省略句中的一个或几个成分,只要不影响句意表达,某些情况下,能省略的成分尽可能省略。状语从句主语谓语动词EllipsisLeadinginWatchthevideoandpayattentiontotheactors’lines.EllipsisLeadinginTalkabouttheactors’linesandwritedownwhatyouhavefound.1.Weappreciateeverythingyou’vedone.我们感激你所做的一切。2.You’rethescariestbunchofmonstersIhaveevermet.你是我见过的最可怕的怪物3.ThereisnothingIcannotbuy.没有我买不到的东西。EllipsisLeadinginTalkabouttheactors’linesandwritedownwhatyouhavefound.1.Weappreciateeverythingyou’vedone.2.You’rethescariestbunchofmonstersIhaveevermet.3.ThereisnothingIcannotbuy.Weappreciateeverythingthat

you’vedone.You’rethescariestbunchofmonsters

that

Ihaveevermet.ThereisnothingthatIcannotbuy.定语从句中关系词的省略省略7.简单句的省略8.并列句的省略9.其他情况的省略2.定语从句的省略3.状语从句的省略1.宾语从句的省略4.动词不定式的省略5.介词的省略6.比较句中的省略Ellipsis复合句的省略1宾语从句中的省略(1)宾语从句中常省略连接词that；(如果由that引导的好几个从句，第一个可以省略，其余不可)Lucysaid(that)shewantedtoapplyforthatjob.Myfatherpromised(that)hewouldtakeustothezooandthathewouldgoshoppingwithourmum.Ellipsis复合句的省略1宾语从句中的省略（2）省略了一个宾语从句或从句的一部分，用so或not代替。例2：—Ishecomingbacktonight?今天晚上他要回来吗？—Ithinkso.我认为是这样的。例3：—Ishefeelingbettertoday?今天他觉得好点了吗？—I’mafraidnot.恐怕没有。Ellipsis复合句的省略2.定语从句中的省略(1)定语从句中，关系词that/which/whom在从句中作宾语时可以省略。Ilearnedeverything(that)Iknowfrommyschool---monsteruniversity.Howcanyougetfiredfromacompany(that/which)youstarted.Ellipsis复合句的省略2.定语从句中的省略。（2）定语从句先行词是theway并在从句充当方式状语时，定语从句用inwhich或that引导，其中that可以省略。Iappreciatetheway(that)shespoketome.我喜欢她给我说话的方式。Ellipsis复合句的省略3.状语从句的省略①在表示时间、条件、地点、比较、方式或让步状语从句中；省略从句中“主语+be”的部分，满足一下条件：②从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it；③从句谓语动词为be动词Ellipsis复合句的省略3.状语从句的省略Unless

(heis)askedtoanswerthequestions,Tomkeepssilentallthetimeinclass.省略从句中“主语+be”的部分While

(shewas)walkingalongthestreet,sheheardhernamecalled.Ellipsis复合句的省略3.状语从句的省略If

(itis)necessary,youcancontactmeatanttime.省略从句中“主语+be”的部分注意：①条件状语从句的省略：ifany如果有...... ifever如果曾经......ifnever如果从未...... ifnot不然的话；否则Pleasecorrectthemistakesinyourpaper,ifany.Ellipsis注意：②if条件状语从句的虚拟语气的省略：省略引导词if，把were,had,should等提到句首。复合句的省略3.状语从句的省略IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadgotupearly,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.Had

yougotupearly,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain,【活学活用】

在空白处填入1个适当的单词。

1.Nochildshallbe,unless______________(accompany)byanadult,allowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday.

2.Anyone,once__________(test)positivefornovelcorona-virus,willreceivefreemedicaltreatmentfromourgovernment.

3.While__________(do)myhomeworkathome,Iheardmynamecalled.【答案与解析】1.accompanied。动词accompany与句子主语构成逻辑上被动关系，故用过去分词。故答案是accompanied。2.tested。动词test与句子主语构成逻辑上被动关系，故用过去分词。故答案是tested。3.doing。动词do与句子主语构成逻辑上主动关系，故用现在分词。故答案是doing。4.动词不定式的省略（1）感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to；下列句型常省略不定式符号to：mayaswelldosth;hadbetterdo,donothingbutdosth;can’thelpbutdosth.Whynotsth?prefertodo…ratherthandosth,wouldratherdo…thando…等。例1：Wesawaprettygirlpassbyjustnow.刚才我们看见一个漂亮的女孩经过。例2：Whynotjoinusinplayingbasketball?为什么不和我们一块打篮球呢？Ellipsis4.动词不定式的省略（2）在特定上下文中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省略但通常保留不定式符号to。例：Ididn’twanttogothere,butIhadto.我不想去那里，但又不得不去。Ellipsis4.动词不定式的省略(3)省略不定式符号to的情况。a．当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略to。Theonlythingyouhavetodoisopenthedoor.你唯一要做的事情打开门。b．不定式作介词but(除了),except的宾语，前面有实义动词do的某种形式时，不定式常省略to。Icandonothingbutwaithere.我除了在这里等无事可做。Ellipsis4.动词不定式的省略(3)省略不定式符号to的情况。c．当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，后面的不定式符号to可省略，但表示对比关系时则不能省略。I'mreallypuzzledwhattothinkofandexpress.我真的不知道想什么和表达什么。Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.制订计划比执行计划容易。Ellipsis4.动词不定式的省略(3)省略不定式符号to的情况。d．在see,watch,hear,feel,observe,notice,lookat,listento等感官动词及使役动词let,make,have后作宾语补足语的不定式不加to，但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时，不定式要加上to。Shesawhimwalkintothehouse.她看到他走进了那座房子。Hewasseentowalkintothehouse.有人看到他走进了那座房子。Hehadtwoboyswashhiscar.他让两个男孩给他洗车。e．you'dbetter/whynot后跟不带to的不定式。Whynottryitagain?为什么不再试试？EllipsisEllipsis5.介词的省略（1）both后常跟of短语，其后可以接名词复数形式，也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时，介词of可以省略，但接代词宾格时，of不能省略。Both(of)thefilmswereinteresting.这两部电影都很有趣。Sheinvitedbothofustoherbirthdayparty.她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。（2）在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词for可以省略。（3）和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词consider...(as)...,spend/waste…(in)doing花费、浪费时间做某事；bebusy/occupied(in)doing忙于做某事；prevent/stop…(from)doing阻止某人做某事；haveahardtime(in)doing做某事有困难；havetrouble(in)doing做某事有困难；Thereisnopoints/sense(in)doing做……没有用；havefun(in)doing做……开心。（4）his,that,next,last后接时间名词时，前边省略介词。Treescanpreventtheearth(from)beingwashedaway.树能阻止泥土被冲走。Ihavedifficulty(in)findinghishouse.例1：Sheisoccupiedlookingafterhersickgrandma.她忙于照料她生病的奶奶。例2：Thepolicehavebeentryingtopreventthemcarryingweapons.警方一直都设法阻止他们携带武器。Ellipsis5.介词的省略【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。1.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime________(pass)theexam.2.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,childrenspentupto25hoursaweek______(watch)TV.3.Youcan’timaginewhatahardtimeshehad__________(raise)thefourchildren.

【答案与解析】1.passing。haveahardtime(in)doing做某事有困难，介词in可以省略。故答案是passing。2.watching。spend…(in)doing花费时间做某事，介词in可以省略。故答案是watching。3.raising。haveahardtime(in)doing做某事有困难，介词in可以省略。故答案是raising。Ellipsis6.比较句中的省略以than/as引起的从句中，常会省略主语。因为主语省略了，所以尤其要注意识别哪个词是省略了的主语，进而选择谓语的数、时态和语态。Heismoreofawriterthanahistorian.他是历史学家，但更可以说是位作家。Heismorebrilliantthaneverbefore.他比以往更高明。Ellipsis7.简单句的省略省略主语：(1)祈使句中主语通常省略Thankyouforyourhelp.Seeyoutomorrom.Bequiet,please.Standup,please.Ellipsis7.简单句的省略省略主语：(2)口语中常见省略主语或这主谓语的一部分(Isthere)anythingwrong?Why(doyou)notplaywithKate?Ellipsis7.简单句的省略省略宾语或表语：(1)省略作宾语的to-infinitive，只保留to---Wouldyoulovetocomewithus？---Yes,I’dloveto.Hedidn’tgiveLucythechance,thoughhehadpromisedto(giveherthechance).注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时，则须在to之后加be或have。Ellipsis7.简单句的省略省略宾语或表语：---Areyouateacher?---No,butIusedtobe.---Jimhaven’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.---Well,heoughttohave.注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时，则须在to之后加be或have。Ellipsis7.简单句的省略省略宾语或表语：(2)省略作表语---HaveyoubeentoBeijing?---No,Ihaven’t.---Areyouhungry?---Yes,Iam.Ellipsis7.简单句的省略感叹句的省略：Whatabeautifulphoto(itis)!Howfast(heruns)!Suchanintelligentgirl！Excellent!1.Mr.Smithpickedupacoinontheroadandhandedit

toapoliceman.2.JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMarydoingherhomework.

Mr.SmithpickedupacoinontheroadandMr.Smith

handedittoapoliceman.

JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMarymusthavebeendoingherhomework.8.并列句的省略Ellipsis1.省略共同的________2.若主语不同而其后的助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的___________________主语或宾语情态动词Ellipsis9.其他情况的省略某些使役动词(let,make,have等)及感官动词(see,watch,notice,hear,feel等后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to，但在被动语态中须把to复原。Isawtheboyplaytennisontheplayground.Theboywasseentoplaytennisontheplayground.Ⅰ单句填空1.Hewasoftennoticed________(leave)theofficeafterwork.

2.—Whatdoyousupposemadeherworried?

—__________(lose)anewcellphone.

3.Children,when__________(expose)toanEnglish-speakingatmosphere,willpickupthelanguagemuchmoreeasily.

4.Marywon'tattendthepartyevenif_____________invite).

5.Though________(warn)againandagain,theyoungmanstilldroveafterdrinking,leadingtohisbeingfined.

6.While_____________(walk)alongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.

toleaveLosingexposedinvitedwarnedwalking7.Sheseldom,if___________,goestothemovietheatre.

8.Theboyusedtoplaywiththeknifethoughhisfathertoldhimnot___________.

9.Someclassmatessuggestthey________(go)toplacesofinterestnearby.

10.Herwordsmademe____________(feel)happierthanbefore.evertogofeelⅡ句型训练1.You'dbettergetupearlytomorrow.___________,youwillmisstheschoolbus.

你明天最好早点起床,否则,你就赶不上校车了。2.If________________,themeetingwillbeafailure.

如果会议组织不好,就会失败。3.Ifyoudon'tattendthemeetingtomorrow,______________.

如果你明天不参加会议,我也不参加。4.Heopenedhismouthasif________________.

他张开嘴好像要说话。5.______________________,hewillcometohelpme.

他一有可能就来帮助我。.IfnotnotwellorganizedneitherwillItosaysomethingWheneverpossibleIII.语篇填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheOlympictorchrelaybeganitsseconddayonThursday(Feb3)attoptheGreatWall,withKongactorJackieChanandChineseOlympicmedalistsamongthosetakingturns____41____(carry)thered-and-silverspiraltorchalongtheBadalingsectionoftheGreatWall,____