2025版高考英语一轮总复习素养提升专题一语法基础

专题一语法基础必备第一讲划分句子成分和掌握基本句型Ⅰ.写出下列句子的句型结构1．WeneedtheInternet.SVO2．TheMid-AutumnFestivalisaroundthecorner.SP3．Thereare45studentsinourclass.Therebe句型4．Iwanttohaveacupofteaverymuch.SVOA5．Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.SVIODOⅡ.分析下列句子的句子成分1．Onedaysomeofmystudentsweretalkingaboutwhatwewouldliketobeinthefuture.分析：Oneday作时间状语,someofmystudents作主语，weretalkingabout作谓语,whatwewouldliketobeinthefuture作宾语。2．Themeetingheldyesterdaywasimportant.分析：Themeeting作主语;heldyesterday作后置定语；was作连系动词;important作表语。3．Wordcamethatthemayorwouldpayavisittoourschoolnextweek.分析：本句为主谓结构，Word作主语；came作谓语；thatthemayorwouldpayavisittoourschoolnextweek是同位语从句，说明主语的内容。4．Duringthesameperiod,tradealongtheSilkRoadalsoboomed.分析：介词短语Duringthesameperiod作状语,trade作主语，介词短语alongtheSilkRoad作后置定语，boomed作谓语。5．PerhapsthebestwaytounderstandWesternartistolookatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.分析：thebestway作主语，动词不定式短语tounderstandWesternart作后置定语，is是连系动词；动词不定式短语tolookatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies作表语，整个句子是一个主系表结构。Ⅲ.语法填空(2023·甘肃省张掖市联考)Incense(香)ismaterialthatreleasesfragrant(芳香的)smokewhenburnt.YangJinqing,aninheritorofQingyuantraditionalincensemaking,hasaburningdesire1.todevelop(develop)popularfragrances.Fordecades,Yanghascommittedhimself2.tothetraditionalincensecraftinQingyuan,3.whichwasnamedanationalintangibleculturalheritagebytheStateCouncilinJune2021.Thecountryboastsaprofoundincensehistory4.dating(date)backtobeforetheQinDynasty.ThecraftanditsculturethrivedduringtheSongDynasty.Itfoundwider5.popularity(popular)duringtheMingandQingdynastieswhenitwasusedtofendoffdiseases,insects,mosquitoesandpreservepeople'shealth.QingyuansawmanyincenseworkshopssetupduringtheSongDynasty,thankstoitsclosegeographicallocationtoabundantherbalresources6.hidden(hide)intheTaihangMountains.Nowadays,withthe7.increasingly(increasing)expandingmarket,morethan50,000people8.areengaged(engage)intheincensebusinessinmorethan500localincensebusinesses.YangJinqinghashelpedtoestablishanengineeringcenterforherbalincenseinHubeithatspecializesinstudyingancientrecipes9.anddevelopingnewcraftsbasedonthefragrance.“Wemightthinkincensecultureisveryelegantand,therefore,farawayfromus,butitisactuallyveryclosetoourlives.”hesays.“Whendrinkingtea,playingchess,readingorwriting,10.lighting(light)anincensestickcanhelpcalmthenervesandconcentratethemind.”“IwantfuturegenerationstoappreciatethecharmofChina'sincensecultureandcraft.”headds.语篇导读：本文是说明文，主要讲述了中国传统的制香业。解析：1.考查非谓语动词。句意：杨金庆是清远传统制香的传承人，他对开发大众化香料有着强烈的愿望。短语adesiretodosth.渴望做某事。故填todevelop。2.考查固定搭配。句意：几十年来，杨一直致力于清远传统的熏香工艺，这一工艺于2021年6月被国务院列为国家级非物质文化遗产。短语commitoneselfto表示“致力于；投身于”。故填to。3．考查定语从句。句意：几十年来，杨一直致力于清远传统的熏香工艺，这一工艺于2021年6月被国务院列为国家级非物质文化遗产。在非限制性定语从句中，which指代traditionalincensecraft，在从句中作主语。故填which。4．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个国家拥有悠久的熏香历史，可以追溯到秦朝以前。datebackto追溯到，为不及物动词词组，无被动语态，与逻辑主语history构成主动关系，故用现在分词主动表被动。故填dating。5．考查名词。句意：在明清时期，它更受欢迎，当时它被用来抵御疾病、昆虫、蚊子和保持人们的健康。wider为形容词，后接名词popularity作宾语。故填popularity。6．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于地处太行山中丰富的草药资源，宋朝时清远就有了许多香作坊。逻辑主语herbalresources和hide之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词表被动。故填hidden。7.考查副词。句意：如今，随着市场的日益扩大，超过5万人在500多家当地熏香企业从事熏香业务。此处用副词increasingly修饰expand，作状语。故填increasingly。8．考查固定短语。句意：如今，随着市场的日益扩大，当地500多家熏香企业从事熏香业务的人数已超过5万人。短语beengagedin表示“从事”，根据上文Nowadays可知为一般现在时。故填areengaged。9.考查连词。句意：杨金庆在湖北帮助建立了一个草药香工程中心，专门研究古代配方，并开发基于香料的新工艺。根据句意可知，此处前后文为并列关系。故填and。10．考查非谓语动词。句意：在喝茶、下棋、阅读或写作时，点上一根香可以帮助镇静神经，集中精神。此处是动名词作主语。故填lighting。Ⅳ.按要求完成下列各题(一)用简单句翻译句子1．我们的英语老师非常年轻而且有耐心。OurEnglishteacherisveryyoungandpatient.2．他两年前从大学毕业。Hegraduatedfromcollegetwoyearsago.3．他经常给我们提供一些好的学习英语的建议。HeoftenoffersussomegoodadviceonEnglishlearning./HeoftenofferssomegoodadviceonEnglishlearningtous.4．他尽力使他的课活泼有趣。Hetriestomakehisclasseslivelyandinteresting.5．他要求我们每天早上背诵一些英语单词。HeasksustorecitesomeEnglishwordseverymorning.6．在他的帮助下，我们大多数人都取得了很大的进步。Mostofushavemadegreatprogresswithhishelp.7．我们为拥有这样一位好老师感到自豪。Wefeelproudtohavesuchagoodteacher.(二)把上述句子连成一篇80词左右的短文，可适当增加细节。【参考范文】OurEnglishteacherisveryyoungandpatient.Hegraduatedfromcollegetwoyearsago.Hehasbeenworkinghardsincehecametoourschool.FindingsomeofusareweakinEnglish,heoftenoffersussomegoodadviceonEnglishlearning.Inaddition,hetriestomakehisclasseslive