2024届江苏省南京市高三年级上册12月阶段性检测试卷英语试题（解析版）

南京一中2023-2024学年度第一学期12月阶段性检测试卷

高三英语

2023.12

第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whendoesthemanusuallypracticeyoga?

A.At5:30.

B.At6:00.

C.At6:30.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:Harry,whattimedoyougetup?

M:Inormallygetupat6o'clockbutsometimesIhavetobeupbyfive.

W:Doyoupracticeyogainthemorning?

M:Yes.IusuallypracticeithalfanhourlaterafterIgetup.

2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whatisthewomanprobablydoing?

A.Preparingforhertests.B.Planningherholiday.C.Readingabook.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】M:Maggie,ourholiday'scomingsoon.Whatareyougoingtodo?

W:Well,I'vebeenthinkingaboutnothingbutthecomingexams.I'vegoneoverhalfmynotebook.

3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Athome.B.Atasupermarket.C.Attheman'soffice.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】W:Tim,haveyouseenmyumbrella?TheoneIboughtatthesupermarketlastweek.

M:Oops,Imusthaveleftitatmyoffice,sorry.I'llbringithomeonMonday.

W:OK.Tilpickupanotherumbrellatoday.

4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whyistheboy'sfatheragainstthetrip?

A.Canadaistoofaraway.

B.Thetripmaybemeaningless.

C.Thetimeofthetripisunsuitable.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】M:ImightbegoingtoCanadaforashortstudytrip.

W:Thatsoundsmeaningful.

M:Itstillisn'tforsureyet.Thecampstartsduringourschoolterm.Somydad'sagainsttheidea.

5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whatisthemainreasonfordoctorstorecommendbikeriding?

A.Itcanmakelegsslim.

B.Itcanmakeyouputonweight.

C.Itcanbuildupthebody.

【答案】c

【解析】

【原文】M:Nowsomedoctorsarestronglyencouragingbicycleexercise.

W:Bicycleexercise?Isthatbecauseyouwanttomakeyourlegsslimandbeautifulinthisway?

M:Actually,thafsnotthemainreason.Theysayridingabikecanbuildyouup.

第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中

选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小

题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

6.WhatcanwesayabouttheweatheronSunday?

A.Itwasfine.B.Itwashot.C.Itwaschangeable.

7.Whatdothelocalsthinkofsmallballsoficeinmidsummer?

A.Ifsbeyondtheirexpectations.

B.It'sacommonphenomenon.

C.It'scausedbyclimatechange.

【答案】6.C7.B

【解析】

【原文】W:Howdidyouenjoyyourweekendattheseaside?

M:ItstartedverywellonSaturday,butontheseconddaywegotaveryunpleasantsurprise.

W:Whathappened?

M:Thatafternoon,whileeveryonewasenjoyingthesunshineonthebeachorplayinginthesea,theskysuddenly

wentdark.Astrongwindstartedblowing.Beforepeoplecouldgathertheirstuffandrunforcover,therewasaheavy

showerofhail.Allthepeoplegotintoapanic,andlefttheirthingsbehindandrantothebeachrestaurant.The

hailstonesweresobigthatmanypeoplegothurt!

W:Really?Smallballsoficeinthemiddleofsummer?

M:Apparently,it'sfairlycommonthere.ThelocalssaidsuchstormssometimesblowfromIcelandorGreenland.

W:Itsoundslikeyoudidhaveadifferentandunforgettableweekend

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

8.Whydoesthemancallthewoman?

A.Tomakeareservation.B.Tocheckoutofthehotel.C.Toaskaboutthecitycenter.

9.WhatdoesthewomansayabouttheImperial?

A.Itischeaperthanherhotel.B.Itisratedasafive-starhotel.C.Itisbetterknownthanherhotel.

10.WhatdoesthemanfinallywanttoknowabouttheImperial?

A.Theprice.B.Thetelephonenumber.C.Thelocation.

【答案】8.A9.A10.B

【解析】

【原文】W:AdventureReservations.CanIhelpyou?

M:Yes,rdliketobookasingleroomwithabathforSeptember22to25.

W:Justamoment,please.Tmsorry,sir.Wearefullybookedonthosedates.

M:Oh,thafstoobad.Couldyourecommendanotherhotelthatwon'tbefulluptome?

W:Yes,ofcourse.Wherewouldyouratherliketobe,inthecitycenterorinthesuburbs?

M:Ipreferaplaceclosetothecitycenterbecauseitismoreconvenient.

W:Inthatcase,IwouldsuggestthatyoutrytheImperial.

M:Doyouknowtheratepernightforasingleroomwithabaththere?AndpleasetellmewhattheImperialislike.

W:Well,asinglewithabathatthemomentwouldbebetween$50to$60.Itisratedasafour-starhotel.Oursis

betterknownthantheImperialbutthentheImperialislessexpensivethanhere.

M:Uh-huh.Onelastthing,doyouknowitstelephonenumber?

W:Yes,itis61540928.

M:Thankyouverymuch.Ireallyappreciateyourhelp,goodbye.

W:Goodbyeandthankyouforcallingus.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

11.Whathasthewomanbeenreading?

A.Anovel.B.Adictionary.C.Acookbook.

12.Whydoesn'tthemanreadbooks?

A.Hehaspooreyesight.B.Hedislikesstories.C.Heistoobusy.

13.Wheredoesthemanusuallylistentohisbooks?

A.Inthekitchen.B.Inthecar.C.Ontheplane.

【答案】H.A12.C13.B

【解析】

【原文】M:Thafsaprettythickbook.Itlookslikeadictionary.

W:You'reright;itdoes.Butitisactuallyanovel.

M:Wow!Thewritingisreallysmall.Thiswouldtakemeayeartofinish.

W:I'vebeenreadingforawhile,andIreadprettyfast.So,youprefershorterstories,then?

M:Ipreferbooksontape.Withmyschedule,Idon'treallyhavethetimetositdownandread.

W:Iunderstand.ThafswhyIdomostofmyreadingjustbeforebed.Whatdoyoulistento?

M:Booksthatinspiremeandteachmenewthings.Mostofthetime,IlistentothemwhenI'mdriving.Sometimes

IlistentothemwhenI'monalongflight.

W:Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.IcouldlistentooneinthebackgroundwhileI'mcooking.

M:Howaboutthis?Yourecommendabooktome,andI'lltrytoreadityourway.Butyouhavetolistentooneof

mine.

W:Deal.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

14.Whatdayisittoday?

A.Friday.

B.Saturday.

C.Sunday.

15.WhatdoesClairethinkhelpedhergettheletterfromHarvard?

A.Forminggoodlearninghabits.

B.Attendingextracourses.

C.Stayinguplatetostudy.

16.WhydidClairechooseHarvardUniversity?

A.Herauntwasstudyingthere.

B.Shehaswonascholarshiptoit.

C.ShewantstobeMadelyn*sschoolmate.

17.WhatdoesClaireplantodobeforeSeptember?

A.Visitheraunt.

B.Travelabroad.

C.Visitsomecolleges.

【答案】14.C15.A16.C17.B

【解析】

【原文】M:Claire,IheardthatyouwereadmittedintoHarvardUniversity,right?

W:Yes,IreceivedtheletteronFriday,thedaybeforeyesterday.

M:Congratulations!Youmusthaveworkedhardduringyourhighschool.

W:Well,IalwaysgotA'sonmytests.ItookthreeseparatecoursesforfourmonthsfortheSAT.

M:Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantduringlearning?

W:Inmyopinion,it'sthelearninghabitthathelpedmeearntheletterfromHarvard.Believeitornot,Inever

burnedthemidnightoil.

M:Whydidn'tyouchoosePrinceton?IrememberyourauntgraduatedfromPrincetonyearsago.

W:MybestfriendMadelynjoinedHarvardlastyear,Ireallywantedtogotherebecauseofher,althoughPrinceton

offeredmeascholarship.

M:Oh,Igotit.WhenwillyougotoHarvard?

W:InSeptember.Beforethat,rilflytoChinaandotherAsiancountries.Fvebeenlongingtotastefoodandmeet

peoplethere.Fvedecidedtoworkpart-timetocovermyexpensesatcollege.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

18.Whatarethegoodseedsconfirmedby?

A.Containers.B.X-rays.C.Freezers.

19.Whyareseedsstoredinfrozenenvironment?

A.Tobepreservedforlong.

B.Totackleclimatechange.

C.Tosafeguardfoodsupply.

20.Whatisthespeechmainlyabout?

A.Whereseedsarestored.

B.Howtheseedbankworks.

C.Whyseedbanksareimportant.

【答案】18.B19.A20.B

【解析】

【原文】Currently,thereareover1,000seedbankslocatedallovertheworld.Howdoestheseedbankwork?

First,scientistsfromallovertheworldcollectendangeredandusefulwildspecies,puttheminapaperorcottonbag

topreventthemfromgettingbad,andsendthemtotheseedbank.Oncetheseedsarrive,they5redriedandpreserved

inaspecialroom.Afterthat,X-raysconfirmthattheseedsareundamagedandthatnoinsectsarehiddeninside.The

seedsarethenfrozen,storedinspecialcontainersandthenplacedinhugefreezersat-20℃forlong-termstorage,

whichallowstheseedstobepreservedfordecadesandreawakenedwhenrequired.Oneofthemostfamousseed

banks,SvalbardInternationalSeedBank,nowholdsmorethanonemillionseedsamples.Itislocateddeepinafrozen

ArcticmountaininNorway.AsEarthisfacinghugechallengeslikeclimatechange,theseseedbanksaresurely

significanttosafeguardthefutureoftheworld'sfoodsupply.

第二部分阅读理解（共两小节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。

A

InSeptember,thousandsofmonuments,civicbuildingsandprivatehomesthrowopentheirdoorstooffera

rareglimpseofnormallyof-limitsspaces.Herearesomeless-knowntreasuresaroundtheUK.

GuidedtourofGladstone'sLibrary,Hawarden

Gladstone'sLibraryinHawardenwillberunningspecialtoursaspartoftheOpenDoors-Walesfestival.Itwas

builtasamemorialtoprimeministerWiliamGladstope,TakeatourofbeautifulReadingRoomshousing150,000

books.

September16,10am-2pm,bookingrequired.

BritanniaPanopticonMusicHall,Glasgow

TheatmosphericBritanniaPanopticonwillbeshowingoffitscollectionoftheatricalrelics,propsand

costumes.SampleVictorianitemsattheworld'soldestsurvivingmusichallwithoutbooking.

September15and1611am-5pmandSeptember17,12pm-5pm

GothicTemple,StoweGardens

VisitorstoStoweGardenswillbeofferedararechancetoseeinsidethe18thcenturyGothicTemple.Though

ifsnormallyrentedasaholidaylet,itscircularroomsandmosaicceilingswillbeopentoprebookedvisitorsfor

oneweekend.

September16and17,10:30am-4:30pm,freeofcharge

AppletonTower:SchoolofInformatics,EdinburghUniversity

AspartofScotland'sDoorsOpenDaysfestival,EdinburghUniversity'sAppletonTowerwillbeofferingtours

oftheworld-leadingSchool,includingavisittothestudysuiteonLevel9whichoffersfar-reachingviewsofthe

Edinburghskyline.

September23,11am-2pm,bookinginadvance.

21.WhatcanvisitorsdoatBritanniaPanopticonMusicHall?

A.Theycanappreciatetheatre-relateditems

BTheycanlistentotheoldestsurvivingmusic

C.Theycanvisitastudyroomwithfar-reachingscenery.

D.TheycanreadinReadingRoomswith150,000booksinstore.

22.Whichofthefollowingwillappealtoarchitecturefans?

A.GothicTemple.StoweGardens

B.BritanniaPanopticonMusicHall,Glasgow.

C.GuidedtourofGladstone'sLibrary.Hawarden

D.AppletonTower:SchoolofInformatics,EdinburghUniversity

23.WhatdoGuidedtourofGladstone'sLibraryandAppletonTowerhaveincommon?

A.Theybothlastforfourhours.B.Theybothrequireearlyreservations

C.TheybothhonorworldfamousfiguresD.Theybothofferspecialviewstovisitors.

【答案】21.A22.A23.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是应用文。9月，成千上万的纪念碑、市政建筑和私人住宅敞开大门，让人们难得地一睹通

常限制空间的风采，本文介绍了四座英国鲜为人知的建筑。

【21题详解】

细节理解题。根据小标题BritanniaPanopticonMusicHall,Glasgow下的“TheatmosphericBritannia

Panopticonwillbeshowingoffitscollectionoftheatricalrelics,propsandcostumes.SampleVictorianitemsatthe

world'soldestsurvivingmusichallwithoutbooking.（气氛浓厚的不列颠尼亚圆形监狱将展示其收藏的戏剧文

物、道具和服装。在世界上现存最古老的音乐厅里品尝维多利亚时代的物品，无需预订）”可知，在

BritanniaPanopticonMusicHall他们可以欣赏与戏剧有关的物品。故选A项。

[22题详解】

细节理解题。根据小标题GothicTemple,StoweGardens下的“VisitorstoStoweGardenswillbeofferedarare

chancetoseeinsidethe18thcenturyGothicTemple.Thoughit'snormallyrentedasaholidaylet,itscircularrooms

andmosaicceilingswillbeopentoprebookedvisitorsforoneweekend.（斯托花园的游客将有机会一睹这座18

世纪哥特式神庙的内部风貌。虽然它通常是作为度假场所出租的，但它的圆形房间和马赛克天花板将在一

个周末向预订的游客开放）”可知，GothicTemple,StoweGardens的建筑奇特，会吸引建筑爱好者。故选A

项。

【23题详解】

细节理解题。根据小标题GuidedtourofGladstone'sLibrary,Hawarden下的uSeptember16,10am-2pm,

bookingrequired.（9月16日上午10点至下午2点，需预约）”以及小标题AppletonTower:Schoolof

Informatics,EdinburghUniversity下的“September23,11am-2pm,bookinginadvance.（9月23日上午11点

至下午2点，提前预订）”可知，这两个景点的共同之处是都需要预约。故选B项。

B

Mostglitter（〃、发光物品），whichismadeupoftinypiecesofplastic,isahugedangertotheenvironment.

"Everyonetalksaboutthemountainofplasticfloatingintheocean.Youcangrabemptybottlesfromthewater,but

withtinypieces,ifsimpossible,saysVictorAlvarez,achemicalengineerwhosellsaneco-friendlyalternativeto

glitter.

Intheearly2,000s,AlvarezworkedforMercedes-BenzinGermany,wherehebecamefondofanytechnology

thatprotectedtheenvironment.AfewyearsafterleavingMercedes-Benz,hefoundedBlueSunInternationalin

Miami,whichmakesspecialtyingredientsfortheskinandhaircareindustries.

Glitterisapopularingredientincosmetics,suchaseyeshadowsandlipsticks.SoAlvarezbeganresearchingan

alternativethatdidn'tcontainplastictomakehisproductssaferfortheenvironment.Thafswhenhecameacross

RonaldBrittonLtd.,acompanywhichhaddevelopedaplastic-free,biodegradableproductcalledBioglitter.Itis

madefromregenerativecellulose（纤维素）sourcedfromhardwoods,primarilyeucalyptus（核树）.Alvarezworked

withthecompanytobecomethefirstretailertosellBioglitterinAmerica.In2018,heformedTodayGlitterinorder

tosellthebiodegradableglitterdirectlytoconsumersthroughitswebsite.

TodayGlittersellstwokindsofbiodegradableglitterBioglitterSparkleandBioglitterPure.Botharealmost

plastic-freeandcanbiodegradeinashorttime.Meanwhile,theyareasshinyasregularglitter.Alltheseproductsare

third-partytestedbyTUV,aninternationalorganizationthatprovidestestingandcertificationforcompostable（可降

解的）andbiodegradableproducts.

Despiteitsbenefits,thehardwoodsneededtomakebiodegradableglittercauseittocostabouttwiceasmuch

asconventionalglitter.Asmallglasscontainerthatcontainsjust6gramsofBioglittercosts$10,whilethesame

amountofregularglittercouldcostatleasthalfthatamount.Alvarezexpectsthepricewillcomedownovertime.

Healsoexpectsthecompany'ssalestocross$1millionnextyear.Butmoreimportantly,Alvarezsays,hismaingoal

istoeffectameaningfulchange.

24.WhileatMercedesBenz,Alvarez.

A.developedawaytograbglitterintheseaB.becameinterestedintheenvironment

C.attemptedtoliveaplastic-freelifeD.createdakindofharmlessglitter

25.WhatdoweknowaboutBioglitter?

A.Itisaplastic-freeingredientforeyeshadows.

B.ItwillsoonbeonsaleintheAmericanmarket.

C.Itisverydifficulttobreakdowninthewild.

D.ItwasinventedbyBlueSunInternational.

26.WhydoestheauthormentionTUVinthetext?

A.ToshowBioglitterSparkleandBioglitterPurearepopular.

B.Tostressitprovidesabroadrangeoftestingservices.

C.ToproveTodayGlitter'sproductsareeco-friendly.

D.Toexplainmanyplasticproductsarelow-quality.

27.WhatistheproblemfacedbyTodayGlitteratpresent?

A.Thecomplexprocessofmakingglitter.B.Howtoexpanditsoverseasmarket.

C.Howtoattractpotentialinvestors.D.Thehighcostofrawmaterials.

【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种新型的环保材料Bioglitter,能在短时间内生物降解，但是也

有缺点那就是价格高。

【24题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“Intheearly2,000s,AlvarezworkedforMercedes-BenzinGermany,wherehe

becamefondofanytechnologythatprotectedtheenvironment.（21世名己初，Alvarez在德国的梅赛德斯奔驰

公司工作，在那里他喜欢上了任何保护环境的技术。）”可知，在梅赛德斯一一奔驰公司，Alvarez对环境

产生了兴趣。故选B项。

【25题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段Glitterisapopularingredientincosmetics,suchaseyeshadowsandlipsticks.So

Alvarezbeganresearchinganalternativethatdidn'tcontainplastictomakehisproductssaferfortheenvironment.

ThafswhenhecameacrossRonaldBrittonLtd.,acompanywhichhaddevelopedaplastic-free,biodegradable

productcalledBioglitter.Itismadefromregenerativecellulose（纤维素）sourcedfromhardwoods,primarily

eucalyptus（核树）.AlvarezworkedwiththecompanytobecomethefirstretailertosellBioglitterinAmerica.In

2018,heformedTodayGlitterinordertosellthebiodegradableglitterdirectlytoconsumersthroughits

website.（闪光片是化妆品中的一种流行成分，如眼影和唇膏。因此，Alvarez开始研究一种不含塑料的替代

品，以使他的产品对环境更安全。就在那时，他遇到了罗纳德•布里顿有限公司，这家公司开发了一种无

塑料、可生物降解的产品，名为生物闪光片。它由再生纤维素制成来源于硬木，主要是枝树。Alvarez与该

公司合作，成为第一家在美国销售生物闪光粉的零售商。2018年，他成立了TodayGlitter,通过其网站直

接向消费者销售可生物降解的闪光片。）”可知，Bioglitter是一种不含塑料的眼影成分。故选A项。

【26题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“TodayGlittersellstwokindsofbiodegradableglitterBioglitterSparkleand

BioglitterPure.Botharealmostplastic-freeandcanbiodegradeinashorttime.Meanwhile,theyareasshinyas

regularglitter.Alltheseproductsarethird-partytestedbyTUV,aninternationalorganizationthatprovidestesting

andcertificationforcompostable（可降解的）andbiodegradableproducts.（TodayGlitter销售两种可生物降解的

闪光片biogitterSparkle和biogitterPure。两者几乎都不含塑料，可以在短时间内生物降解。与此同时，它

们和普通亮片一样闪亮。所有这些产品都经过TUV的第三方测试，TUV是一家为可堆肥和可生物降解产

品提供测试和认证的国际组织。）”可知，作者在文中提到TUV以证明TodayGlitter的产品是环保的。故

选C项。

【27题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despiteitsbenefits,thehardwoodsneededtomakebiodegradableglittercauseitto

costabouttwiceasmuchasconventionalglitter.Asmallglasscontainerthatcontainsjust6gramsofBioglitter

costs$10,whilethesameamountofregularglittercouldcostatleasthalfthatamount.（尽管有这些好处，但制造

可生物降解闪光片所需的硬木使其成本大约是传统闪光片的两倍。一个装有6克生物亮片的小玻璃容器的

价格为10美元，而同样数量的普通亮片的价格至少是这个价格的一半。）”可知，TodayGlitter面临的问题

是原材料的高成本。故选D项。

C

Laughingtogetherisanimportantwayforpeopletoconnectandbond.Thoughthecausesoflaughtercanvary

widelyacrossindividualsandgroups,thesoundofalaughisusuallyrecognizablebetweenpeoplebelongingto

differentcultures.Inhumans,laughtercanexpressarangeofemotionsfrompositivefeelingslikeenjoymentto

negativeonessuchasdisgust.Butwhataboutanimalsotherthanhumans?Dothey“laugh”,andarethecausesof

theirlaughtersimilartothoseofhumanlaughter?

Manyanimalsproducesoundsduringplaythatareuniquetothatpleasantsocialinteraction.Researchers

considersuchsoundstobeancoalogueofhumanlaughter.Recently,scientistsinvestigatedplaysoundtoseehow

commonitwasamonganimals.Theteamidentified65speciesthat“laughed“whileplaying;mostweremammals

（口甫孚L动物），butafewbirdspeciesdemonstratedplayfullaughtertoo.Thisnewanalysiscouldhelpscientiststotrace

theevolutionaryoriginsofhumanlaughter,accordingtoanewstudy.

WhenSashaWinkler,adoctoralcandidateofbiologicalanthropologyattheUniversityofCalifornia.Los

Angeles（UCLA）,previouslyworkedwithrhesusmacaques（恒河猴），shehadnoticedthatthemonkeyspanted（喘

气）quietlywhileplaying.Manyotherprimates（灵长类动物）arealsoknowntosoundduringplay.However,reports

ofplayfullaughterwerenotablyabsentinstudiesdescribingfish,amphibiansandreptiles,perhapsbecausethereis

somequestionastowhetherornotplayexistsatallinthoseanimalgroups.

Laughterinhumansisthoughttohaveoriginatedduringplay,ahypothesissupportedbytheplay-relatedpanting

laughterofmanyprimatespecies."Humanlaughtermayhaveevolvedfromasimilarpantingsoundthatover

evolutionarytimebecamethesounded4hahaha'thatweusetoday.Peoplestilllaughduringplay,butwealsoinvolve

laughterinlanguageandnon-playbehaviors,Winklersaid.

"It'sreallyfascinatingthatsomanyanimalshaveasimilarfunctionofsoundduringplay,“WinkletoldtheLive

Science,asciencenewswebsite.t6Butwedohavetheseuniquepartsofhumanlaughterthatarealsoanimportant

areaforfuturestudy.”

28.Whatdoweknowabouthumanlaughter?

A.Itisnotsharedamongstrangers.

B.Itiscreatedoutofthesamereason.

C.Itmayappearwhenpeoplehatesomething.

D.ItsoundsdifferentbetweenEuropeanandAsian.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"analogue“inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Somethingcommon.B.Somethingsimilar.

C.Somethingsymbolic.D.Somethingattractive.

30.Whyistherealackofreportsinlaughterofsomeanimalgroups?

A.Becausetheyarenotwellevolvedandemotionless

B.Becauseplayisnotadefinitebehavioramongthem.

C.Becausetheyarenotasinterestingasotheranimals.

D.Becauseonlymammalsandprimatesareabletolaugh.

31.Whatisprobablythefocusoffuturestudyonlaughter?

A.Distinctivefeaturesofhumanlaughter.

B.Differentfunctionsofanimallaughter.

C.Theoriginanddevelopmentofhumanlaughter.

D.Therelationshipbetweenanimallaughterandintelligence.

【答案】28.C29.B30.B31.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于“动物界存在笑声”的相关研究成果。

[28题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Inhumans,laughtercanexpressarangeofemotionsfrompositivefeelingslike

enjoymenttonegativeonessuchasdisgust.（在人类中，笑可以表达一系列的情绪，从积极的感觉，如享受到

消极的感觉，如厌恶。）”可推知，人类的笑声可能出现在人们讨厌某事的时候。故选C。

[29题详解】

词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Manyanimalsproducesoundsduringplaythatareuniquetothatpleasantsocial

interaction.（许多动物在玩耍时发出的声音是愉快的社会互动所特有的。）”及下文“Theteamidentified65

speciesthat^tlaughed^^whileplaying;mostweremammals（哺孚L动物），butafewbirdspeciesdemonstratedplayful

laughtertoo.（研究小组确定了65种动物在玩耍时会“笑”，其中大多数是哺乳动物，但一些鸟类也会

笑。）“可知，许多动物也会发出类似于人类笑声的声音。由此可知，划线词analogue与Somethingsimilar.

（类似的东西）意思接近。故选B。

[30题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However,reportsofplayfullaughterwerenotablyabsentinstudiesdescribing

fish,amphibiansandreptiles,perhapsbecausethereissomequestionastowhetherornotplayexistsatallinthose

animalgroups”然而，在描述鱼类、两栖动物和爬行动物的研究中，显然没有关于嬉戏的报道，这可能是

因为这些动物群体中是否存在玩耍的问题。）”可推知，一些动物群体的笑声报道较少，因为玩耍并不是它

们的一种明确行为。故选B。

【31题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后——段中的"Butwedohavetheseuniquepartsofhumanlaughterthatarealsoan

importantareaforfuturestudy.（但我们确实发现了人类笑声的这些独特部分，这也是未来研究的重要领

域。）”可知，未来对笑的研究重点可能是人类笑的不同特征。故选A。

D

ThewordparadigmcomesfromtheGreek.Itwasoriginallyascientificterm,andismorecommonlyused

todaytomeanamodelortheory.Inthemoregeneralsense,ifsthewaywe"see"theworld-notintermsofour

visualsenseofsight,butintermsofperceiving,understanding,andinterpreting.

Asimplewaytounderstandparadigmsistoseethemasmaps.Weallknowthat“themapisnottheterritory.”

Amapissimplyanexplanationofcertainaspectsoftheterritory.Thafsexactlywhataparadigmis.Itisatheory,

anexplanation,ormodelofsomethingelse.Youcanneverarriveataspecificlocationinanewcitywithawrong

map.

Eachofushasmanymapsinourhead,whichcanbedividedintotwomaincategories:mapsofthewaythings

are,orrealities,andmapsofthewaythingsshouldbe,orvalues.Weinterpreteverythingweexperiencethrough

thesementalmaps.Weseldomquestiontheiraccuracy;we'reusuallyevenunawarethatwehavethem.Wesimply

assumethatthewayweseethingsisthewaytheyreallyareorthewaytheyshouldbe.Andourattitudesand

behaviorsgrowoutofthoseassumptions.Thewayweseethingsisthesourceofthewaywethinkandthewaywe

act.

Weseetheworld,notasitis,butasweareor,asweareconditionedtoseeit.Clearheadedpeopleseethings

differently,eachlookingthroughtheuniquelensofexperience.Butthisdoesnotmeanthattherearenofacts.

Instead,eachperson'sinterpretationofthesefactsrepresentspriorexperiences.

Themoreawareweareofourbasicparadigms,maps,orassumptions,andtheextenttowhichwehavebeen

influencedbyourexperience,themorewecantakeresponsibilityforthoseparadigms,examinethem,testthem

againstreality,listentoothersandbeopentotheirperceptions,therebygettingalargerpictureandafarmore

objectiveview.

32.Howdoestheauthorillustratetheconceptof“paradigm”?

A.Bycomparingittoaneverydayobject.B.Bysortingitintodifferentcategories.

C.Bypresentingpersonalexamples.D.Byhighlightingasharpcontrast.

33.Whatcanbeconcludedaboutthementalmapsmentionedinparagraph3?

A.Theyfailtoescapeourattention.B.Theymaybelackinginaccuracy.

C.Theyprovewrongandunreliable.D.Theyhavelittleinfluenceonbehavior.

34.Whichofthefollowingechoesthemainideaofparagraph4?

A.Greatmindsthinkalike.B.Allmenhaveopinions,butfewthink.

C.Wherewestanddependsonwherewesit.D.Thefewerthefacts,thestrongertheopinions.

35.Whatdoestheauthoradvocateinthelastparagraph?

A.Abetterunderstandingofourparadigms.B.Astrongersenseofresponsibilityforothers.

C.Amoreobjectiveviewofothers'perceptions.D.Amorepositiveattitudetowardlifeexperience.

【答案】32.A