北京市海淀区高三英语下学期二模试题

北京市海淀区2021届高三英语下学期二模试题本试卷共8页,100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上,在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后,将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。第一部分：知识运用(共两节,30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Jeremycannolongerread,driveacarorevenrecognizefaces.Butthe20yearold,wholosthiscentralvisiontwoyearsago,can1hitasmallwhiteballintoaslightlylargerholefromaconsiderabledistance.JeremywasdiagnosedwithanextremelyrarediseasecalledLHON.Facedwiththeonsetofblindness,Jeremyadmitshe2intodepressionforacoupleofmonthsandfearedhe’dneverplaygolfagain.OnedayonTVhesawaguycryingbitterlywhohadjustlosthisfamilywhenaplanecrasheddownonhishouse.Jeremythought,"Ifthisguycanmakeitthroughthis,thenIcan3havingnocentralvisionThatbecamehismotto：Thingscouldbe4.”Sosixmonthsafterlosinghissight,Jeremydecidedto5hisgolfclubagain.HehadplayedeverySundaysincetheageoftwelvewithhisDadLionel.Blindgolfbroughtthemevencloserbecause,unliketheregularversionofthesport,it'sa6game.Lionelactsashissonssightedcoachonthecourse.He7theholeandhazards(障碍).Thenhepointsinthedirection,whileJeremyplaceshischinonhisdad'sshouldertogeta___8___ofthecorrectposition.TheyplayedtogetherandwontheWorldBlindGolfChampionship.Besides,Jeremyhasbeencollectingmoneyandraising9ofLHONwithsponsoredbikerides,halfmarathonsandevenskydives.“That’sthegreater10ofmydoinganything,”hetoldCNN.1.A.casually B.seriously C.successfully D.accidentally2.A.ran B.looked C.slipped D.burst3.Aavoid B.suffer C.escape D.survive4.A.funnier B.worse C.simpler D.crazier5.A.lookfor B.showoff C.pickup D.dealwith6.A.team B.class C.mind D.strength7.A.clears B.measures C.discovers D.describes8.A.sense B.sign C.view D.mark9.A.levels B.awareness C.standards D.spirit10.A.challenge B.opportunity C.potential D.purpose第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ABeijingresidentswokeuptoyellowskyonSundaymorningasnorthernChina11(hit)bythelargestsandstormofthedecade.Airpollutionreadingsrosetotheupperlimitof500at8a.m.,accordingtodatafromthecity’senvironmentalmonitorycenter,asvisibilitywasreducedto12(little)than1,000metersinpartsofthecity.Thecitysweatherbureauadvisedresidentstostayindoorsasmuchaspossible,whileexpertsareworkingtofindout13thesandstormcameintobeing.BSpeakingofmapapps,someusershavefoundthattheyareusefulformorethanjust__14__(find)one’sway.Oneman,SanFrancisco'sLennyMaughan,usesthemtomakeworksofart.Lennyrunseverywherehecan.15hegoes,hetrackshisprogressbyusinganapp,suchasMapMyRunorStrava.Asheruns,theapptracesalinealongthepathhefollows.So,tomakehisrunsmorefun,Lennydecidedtorun16patternsthatwouldcreateamazingimages.Todate,hehassharedrunsthathaveturnedintoimagesofaheart,aportraitofartistFridaKahlo,andmore.CIn2016,IunpackedmyluggageatanewlyconstructedNewYorkhotelonlytorealizethatI___17___(forget)mytoothpaste.Icalledroomservice,andan18(energy)voiceresponded,"Someonewillbringitrightup."Twominuteslater,Iopenedmydooronlytodiscoveranobjectresemblingatrashcanonwheels,19(equip)withalid,alargebuttonandasmalldigitalscreen.Icautiouslypushedthebuttonandthelidopened,revealingatoothpastetube.Thedigitaldisplayflashed“Thankyou.”Theroboticvisitorthenturnedaroundandrolledaway.Beforeitdisappeared,Isnappedaphoto,sendingistoafriend,20laterresponded,“Wow,socool!”第二部分：阅读理解(共两节,38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AAubreyisaFedExdriverwhohasmaderegulardeliverystopsinaruralneighborhoodinIndiana.Duringherstopsthere,shewouldseean11yearoldboy,Elijah,playingbasketballwithanoldandrustybenthoopItwascrazytomehowhappyhewaswiththebrokenhoop.EverytimeIsawhim,hewassojoyfulplayingbasketball.Seeinghimsohappystuckwithme,saidAubrey.TheFedExdriverthoughtaboutElijahmanytimesoverthemonths,anddecidedthatshewantedtoblesshiminaspecialway.“Ijustwouldn’tstopthinkingaboutit.Ireallywantedtogethimahoop.Hedeservesit.”Aubreywentoutandboughtanewbasketballhoopandinstalleditwhenthefamilywasn'thome.Sheleftanotethatread："Justwantedyouandyoursontohavethebesthoopthat'llgrowwithhimandallhisfriends.”Shesignedherself“justoneoftheFedExdriversinthearea.”“Ireadthenote,andthemomentIrealizedwhoitwasfrom,Istartedtocry,”saidColedo,Elijah'smom."WhenElijahcamehomeandIshowedittohim,hegotreallyemotional.Hegottearyeyedbuthe’san11yearoldboy,sohereallydidn'twanttoadmithewascrying,laughedColedo.“Hejustsattherefor10minutesstaringatthehoopuntilitreallytouchedhimthatshewentoutofherwaytodosomethingjustforhim.”AubreyhadnoideahowmuchhersurprisegifthadimpactedElijahandhisfamily.TheyallhadgonethroughadifficultyearwithColedo'shusbandsufferingaseriousinjury,andColedocrashinghercar."It'sjustbeenahardyear.We'resohumbledandgratefulshewoulddothisforus.Thishasbeenahugethingforus,”saidColedo.WhenAubreymadeanotherFedExdeliverytotheirneighborhood,Elijahsawher,rantoherandhuggedher.ElijahalsogaveAubreyacardhemadeforher.Andheinvitedhertoplayagameofbasketballwithhimandhisyoungerbrother.“Itwasalmostlikewe'dalwaysknowneachother.Ireallybondedwiththeboys,”saidAubrey.“I'mjustreallyhappytheyknowthatsomeoneisoutthereforthem.”21.AubreyboughtElijahanewbasketballhoopbecause.A.shewantedtomakeafriendusingasurprisegiftB.shewaseagertodonatetochildrenintheruralareaC.shewasimpressedbyElijah'spassionforbasketballD.shethoughtElijahwasunhappywiththebrokenhoop22.Howdidthefamilyfeelwhentheysawthenewhoop?A.Touched B.Satisfied C.Relaxed D.Honored23.WhatinfluencedidAubrey'sgifthaveonElijahandhisfamily?A.IthelpedElijahachievehisdream.B.Itreducedthefamily'sfinancialburden.C.Itgavethefamilywarmthatadifficulttime.D.ItencouragedElijahtobondwiththeotherboys.BWalkingWaterScienceExperimentforKidsLet'sgetsetupforwalkingwaterwithafewquickandeasystepsthekidscandefinitelybeapartof!Weusedtesttubesforthreesetsofprimarycolors.Youcanuselessaslongasyouhaveenoughtogoaroundwithallthecolorsmixing.First,addred,yellow,andbluefoodcoloring(onecolorpertesttube)inorder.Giveeachtesttubealittlestir(搅拌)toevenlydistributethecolor.Trytoputthesameamountoffoodcoloringineachcontainer.Cutthinstripsofwhitepapertoweltofitinthetesttubes.Placethemintothetesttubes.Therewillbetwoendsineachtube.Waitandwatchwhathappens.Atthispoint,youcansetupastopwatchtomakenotesofhowlongittakesforthecolorstomeetandmix。Beforeyouinsertthestrips,youhavetheperfectopportunitytomakesomepredictionsaboutwhatwillhappen.Haveyourkidseupwithapredictionfortheirexperiment?Willthewaterwalk?Youcanstarttheconversationwith"Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhenweputthetowelsintothewater?”Thewholeprocessstartsprettyquickly,butitdoestakeawhileforthecolorstobegintomixwitheachother.Extendthescienceactivity：pulloutthewatercolorsanddosomecolormixingartwhileyouwait.Makesuretocheckonyourwalkingwaterscienceexperimenteveryonceinawhiletoseethechangesthatareconstantlytakingplace.Thekidswillbeamazedathowthewaterseemstofightagainstgravity!Asthepapertowelsabsorbthecoloredwater,thewatertravelsupthetowelstrip.Itmeetsupwiththeothercoloredwaterthathastraveleduptheneighboringstrip.Wheretheprimarycolorsinteract,theyturnintothesecondarycolors.Bothcolorswillcontinuetotravelaslongasthetowelfibersabsorbthewater.Theexperimentiscolorfulandsimpletodo!Plus,itisinterestingformultipleages.Olderkidsshouldbeabletosetitupallbythemselvesandcanalsouseoursciencejournalpagetorecordtheirresults.24.Whatmaterialsareneededfortheexperiment?A.Testtubes,foodcoloringandpapertowel.B.Drinkingwater,testtubesandanotebook.C.Foodcoloring,watercupsandapapercutter.D.Mixedcolors,towelstripsandfoodcontainers.25.Intheexperiment,you'reexpectedto.A.addthreecolorsintoeachcontainerB.setupastopwatchfromthebeginningC.putcolorfultowelstripsinthetesttubesD.stireachtesttubetomakethecoloreven26.Waterinthetesttubescanwalkbecause.A.foodcoloringhasthepowertotakeinwaterB.towelfibersabsorbwaterandallowittotravelC.waterflowsnaturallyundertheinfluenceofgravityD.colorsinteractwitheachotherandthustraveleasilyCFortoday'sincreasinglyinterconnectedfoodsupplychains,“efficient”iswhatit'ssupposedtobe：Eachcountryspecializesinwhatit'sbestatandputsitontheglobalmarket.Producersandprocessorswithincountriesspecialize,too,asawaytominimizecosts.Asaresult,atleastintheory,pricesstaylow,theworldgetsfedandeveryonewins.However,thecoronaviruscrisisdemonstrateswhatiswrongwiththisapproach.Whenbarrierspreventfoodfromreachingitsmarkets,ordemandsuddenlydrops——bothofwhicharehappeningnow——thesystemfallsapart.Specializationofthefoodsystemmakesithardtoshiftintodifferentmarketswhendisruptionsarise.Belgium,aleadingexporterofpotatoes,lostsalesnotonlytolocalrestaurantsbutalsotoothercountriesbecauseoflockdowns(封锁)).AtleasttheBelgianscantrytoeatthepotatoesathome.Thatstrategywon'tworkforeverycrop：Ghana,theworld’stopcocoaexporter,lostmarketswhenpeoplestartedfocusingonbuyingessentialitemsinsteadofchocolate.ThelossinexportineinAfricamoregenerallycouldhaveahugeimpactifthepandemiccontinues,asmanycountriesthererelyheavilyonimportedwheatandrice.Thepricesofthesegrainshavesoarednotonlybecauseofrisingdemandforthesegrainsduringthecrisis,butalsobecauseafewcountries——includingRussiaandVietnam——imposedexportrestrictionsoutoffearthatsendingfoodabroadwouldleadtohigherpricesathome.Concentratedmarketsdominatedbyjustahandfulofpaniesheightenfoodsystemfragility.Forexample,justthreemeatpackingplantsprocessover95percentofCanada'sbeefandnearlyallofitsbeefexports.Now,thosemeatprocessingplantshavehadtotemporarilyshutdownbecauseofoutbreaksofCOVID19amongworkers.Seeingthespoiledproductsacrosstheworldshouldforceallofustorethinkour"efficient”foodsupplies.Weneedtorejuvenate(使恢复活力)localandregionalfoodsystemstoreducethevulnerabilitiesthatewithbeingtooreliantonimportedandcorporatedominatedfoods.Thisdoesn'tmeancuttingoffalltradeorabolishingallpackagedfoods,butitdoesmeanbuildingdiversity,andincreasingopportunitiesforsmallandmediumscaleenterprisestoflourishinshorter,moresustainablefoodsupplychainsthatareclosertohome.Oneplacetostartisforgovernmentstoshifttheirsupportfromthelargescale,specializedandexportorientedfoodsystemtobuildinginfrastructureformorediverselocalfoodsystems.Aroundtheworld.smallscaleandorganicproducershavebeenoverwhelmedwiththesurgeininterestfromcustomerswhowanttobuydirectlyfromfarmersduringthecrisis.Buttheseproducersoftenlacktheinfrastructuretomeetthatdemand.Asgovernmentsaroundtheworldpassstimuluspackagestoaddressthecrisis,buildingmorediverseandlocalizedfoodsystemsshouldbeanobviousinclusion.27.Intheory,specializationofthefoodsystem.A.adaptstochangesefficiently B.balancessupplyanddemandC.focusesonessentialitems D.reducescostsof28.Theunderlinedword"fragility"inParagraph5means.A.weakness B.diversityC.unfairness D.plexity29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Afewcountriesrestrictexportstostabilizelocalfoodprices.B.GrainpricesriseduetoAfrica'sdependenceonimportation.C.GhanamightbelessaffectedbylockdownsthanBelgiumwas.D.Packagedfoodconsumptionshouldbeencouragedtoaddressthecrisis.30.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto.A.exposefoodsecurityissuesduringthecrisisB.advocateestablishingdiverselocalfoodsystemsC.discussthedevelopmentofasustainableeconomyD.provetheimportanceofsoundgovernmentpoliciesDEveryday,itseemsthatsomenewalgorithm(算法)enablesputerstodiseaseadiseasewithunprecedentedaccuracy,renewingpredictionsthatputerswillsoonreplacedoctors.Whatifputerscouldreplacepatientsaswell?Ifvirtualhumanscouldhavereplacedrealpeopleinsomestagesofacoronavirusvaccinetrial,itcouldhavespeddevelopmentofapreventivetoolandsloweddownthepandemic.Similarly,potentialvaccinesthatweren’tlikelytoworkcouldhavebeenidentifiedearly,reducingtrialcostsandavoidingtestingpoorvaccinecandidatesonlivingvolunteers.Thesearesomeofthebenefitsof"insilicomedicine",orthetestingofdrugsandtreatmentsonvirtualorgansorbodysystemstopredicthowarealpersonwillrespondtothetherapies.Themodelingbeginsbyfeedinganatomicaldatadrawnfromnoninvasive(非侵入式)highresolutionimagingofanindividual'sactualorganintoaplexmathematicalmodelofthemechanismsthatgovernthatorgan'sfunction.Algorithmsrunningonpowerfulputersresolvetheresultingequationsandunknowns,generatingavirtualorganthatlooksandbehavesliketherealthing.Insilicoclinicaltrialsarealreadyunderwaytoanextent.HeartFlowAnalysis,forinstance,enablesclinicianstoidentifyCAD（冠心病）basedonCTimagesofapatient'sheart.TheHeartFlowsystemusestheseimagestoconstructafluiddynamicmodelofthebloodrunningthroughthecoronarybloodvessels,therebyidentifyingabnormalconditionsandtheirseverity.Withoutthistechnology,doctorswouldneedtoperformaninvasiveoperationtodecidewhetherandhowtointervene.Experimentingondigitalmodelsofindividualpatientscanalsohelppersonalizetherapyforanynumberofconditionsandsalreadyusedindiabetescare.Thephilosophybehindinsilicomedicineisnotnew.Theabilitytocreateandsimulatetheperformanceofanobjectunderhundredsofoperatingconditionshasbeenacornerstoneofengineeringfordecades,suchasfordesigningelectroniccircuits,airplanesandbuildings.Variousobstaclesremaintoitswidespreadimplementationinmedicalresearchanddevelopment.Thepredictivepowerandreliabilityofthistechnologymustbeconfirmed,andthatwillrequireseveraladvances.Thoseincludethegenerationofhighqualitymedicaldatabasesfromalarge,ethnicallydiversepatientbasethathasbothwomenandmen;improvementofmathematicalmodelstoaccountforthemanyinteractingprocessesinthebody;andfurthermodificationofAImethodsthatweredevelopedmainlyforputerbasedspeechandimagerecognitionandneedtobeextendedtoprovidebiologicalinsights.InrecentyearsAmericanandEuropeanregulatorshaveapprovedsomemercialusesofputerbaseddiagnostics,butmeetingregulatorydemandsrequiresconsiderabletimeandmoney.Creatingdemandfortheseputerbaseddiagnostictoolsischallengingaswell.Insilicomedicinemustbeabletodelivercosteffectivevalueforpatients,cliniciansandhealthcareorganizationstoacceleratetheiradoptionofthetechnology.31.Accordingtothetext,“insilicomedicine"mighthelp.A.discoverthecauseofanillnessB.quickenthecreationofnewmedicineC.recognizethesymptomsofadiseaseearlierD.avoidincludingunhealthyvolunteersintrials32.WecanlearnfromthetextthatHeartFlowAnalysis.A.workseffectivelyinCADtreatmentB.offerspersonalizedtherapiestopatientsC.reducesthechancesofinvasiveoperationsD.buildsmodelsafteridentifyingabnormalconditions33.Accordingtotheauthor,furtherapplicationof“insilicomedicine”requires.A.moneyandtimefromtheregulatorsB.replacementofoldmathematicalmodelsC.moreproofofitseffectivenessanddependabilityD.progressinspeechandimagerecognitiontechnology34.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.LookingtoAItoEndExperimentalStudB.InSilicoMedicineSavedMillionsoflivesC.ExploringtheFutureofAlgorithminMedicineD.VirtualPatientsCouldRevolutionizeMedicine第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhatAretheRootsofYourSelfEsteem?Selfesteemisaperson'ssubjectiveassessmentofhisorherworthtohimselforherself.Selfesteemcoversvariousbeliefsaboutoneself(suchas"I’mafailureandI’mbeautiful”)aswellasphysiologicalstates,includingsadness,joy,andshame.Themorewebelievethatweareworthyofhappinessandgoodthingsinlife,themoreselffulfilledwewillbe.Whenwedon'tbelievethatweareworthyofthesethings,ourabilitytoenjoythemcansuffer.35Healthyselfesteemasanadultcanbeagiftgiveninyourchildhood.Itisablessingthatmostpeopleoverlook.Therearesomanywaysadultswithhighselfesteemweresupportedaschildrenthatresultedinthemhavinghighselfesteem.Forinstance,theywerepraisedforwhattheyhadachieved.36Theylikelyexperiencedaffectionandweregivenenoughattention.Itisalsopossiblethattheyexcelledinstudiesorinsportsandwereadmiredforitbypeers.__37__Aschildren,manyofthesepeoplewerecriticized,yelledat,orabusedinonewayoranother.Thereisalsoahighchancethattheyweregivennoattentionbytheadultswhoweresupposedtocareforthem.Insomecases,adultswithpoorselfesteemwereoftenridiculedfortheirshortingsorbulliedbypeers.Itismonthattheseadultsalsobelievethatinordertobeappreciatedtheyneedtobeperfect38Therearepeoplewhoareobsessedwiththeircareersorhobbiesbecauseintheirmindtheyneedtotietheirworthinesstosomethingconcrete.Oftentimesthesepeoplehavetopretendtobesomethingtheyarenotjusttogetapproval.Howyoufeelaboutyourselfimpactshowyouliveyourlife.Peoplewithhighselfesteemtendtohavebetterrelationshipsthanthosewithlowselfesteem.39Soifyoustruggletoreachoutforassistance,itcouldberootedinyourlowselfesteem.A.Thereisalsoagoodchancethattheywerespokentorespectfully.B.Whenwestarttodoubtwhat'simportantinlife,wetendtodolessofit.C.Sinceselfesteemisconnectedtohowweperform,itisimportanttoworkonit.D.Peoplewithpoorselfesteem,ontheotherhand,oftenexperiencedtheopposite.E.Thiscreatesanimageintheirmindthatwithoutacplishmenttheyareworthless.F.Theyfacefailuretoo,buttheyunderstandthatfailureorsuccessdoesn’tdefinethem.G.Highselfesteemenablesyoutoaskforhelpandsupportfromthepeoplearoundyouwhenyouneedit.第三部分：书面表达(共两节,32分)第一节阅读表达(共4小题;第40、41小题各2分,第42小题3分,第43小题5分,共12分)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求回答问题。ThelastthingIwantedtohearwhenmygovernmentsponsoredscholarshipwaswithdrawnduring.myfinalyearofcollegewas：“Thingsareworkingoutforyourowngood.Justgivethemsometime.”Thosewordsjuststirredalotofangerinme.ThenIreadthestoryoftheChinesebamboofarmer,whichgavemeadifferentviewonlife.TheseedoftheChinesebambooisplantedinthegroundlikeeveryseed.Itiswateredandfedwithnutrientsdaily,butitshowsnoimmediatephysicalresponseanddoesn’tappeartogrow.Thefarmercontinuestowaterandfeedtheseedinyearone,yeartwo,andyearthree.Nogrowthisseenuntilthefourthyear,whentheseedfinallybreaksthroughtheground.Then,inthespaceofjustfiveweeks,itgrowsninetyfeettall.TheChinesebamboogrowstoitsfullcapacitywithin5years.Despitenotseeinganimmediateresult,thefarmerhadtrustinwhathewasdoing.Hecontinuedtowaterandfeedtheplantforfouryears,becausehebelievedthatifheplayedhisownroleanddidallthatafarmerwassupposedtodo,thenhewouldbegivenhisrewardattherighttime.Thattrustandpatienceiswhatkeptthefarmerpersistentlyfeedinghisseedforfouryearsbeforeenjoyingtherewardintheend.Lifeisnotalwaysstraightforward.Mostoften,it'snotamatterof5+5=10(Sum1).Lifecanbemorelike2+1+2+0+0+0+1+2+0+0+1+1=10(Sum2).Bothsumsleadtothesameresult,butthroughquitedifferentpathsandprocesses.Tobematureistoacceptthatthingsmightlookroughrightnowbutthestorycanstillhaveagreatending.Wemightliveinamicrowavegenerationwhereeverythingseemstohappeninstantly;butmanythingsstillobeythelawsofnature.Justdoingwhatyouaresupposedtobedoing,havingpatienceliketheChinesebamboofarmer,andtrustingthatthingswillworkoutforyoucanhelpyougetthroughthetoughesttimes.40.Whathappenedtotheauthorinthefinalyearofcollege?41.HowdoestheChi