高考英语大一轮复习 限时规范练21 Unit 1 Great scientists 新人教版必修5-新人教版高三必修5英语试题

限时规范练21Unit1Greatscientists核心素养关键词:培养学生人与科学、学习伟大科学家的思维意识一、阅读理解AGeorgeWashingtonCarverwasbornsometimeintheearlymid-1860s.Asicklychild,Carverwasunabletoworkinthefields,sohedidgardening.Hewasleftwithmanyfreehourstowalkinthewoods—beginninghiscareerwithnature.Hesoonbecameknownasthe“PlantDoctor”andwouldhelpfriendsandneighborsmanagesickplants.In1890,CarverbegantostudymusicandartatSimpsonCollege.Hisartworkwasonshowatthe1893World’sFair.Paintinggavehimthechancetocombinehistwoloves—artandnature.Yetitwashistalentsforgardeningthattookhiminanotherdirectionin1891.CarverbecamethefirstAfrican-AmericantoattendwhatistodayIowaStateUniversity.Heprovedtobeafirst-classstudentandupongraduationhebecametheschool’sfirstAfrican-Americanteacher.In1896,hereceivedaninvitationfromTuskegeeNormalandIndustrialSchoolinTuskegee,Alabama.Uponarriving,hefoundthattheschoolwasshortofmoneysoDr.Carverhadtoequiphisownlab.Heandhisstudentswouldsearchtrashheaps(垃圾堆)forthingstouse.ThisprovedthatDr.Carverwaswellaheadofhistime.In1916,hepublishedaresearchreportonpeanuts,whichhelpedmanyfarmersturntopeanutsasacashcropandsavedtheeconomyoftheSouthwhenitwasdestroyedbythecottoninsectsattack.Carvercontinuedhisresearchwiththepeanut.Hewentontofindmanyusesforthepeanut.Buthedidn’tinventpeanutbutter(花生酱).Dr.Carver’sresearchearnedhimmuchworldwidepraise.Dr.GeorgeWashingtonCarverdiedonJanuary5,1943,andwasburiedatTuskegee.CarvercontributedhiswholelifesavingstoTuskegee.Uponhisdeath,FranklinD.Rooseveltgavehimthistitle“aninspiringexampletoyoutheverywhere”.1.HowwasCarver’schildhood?A.Hedreamedofbeingadoctor.B.Hegrewcropsinthefields.C.Heenjoyedgoodhealth.D.Hetookupgardening.2.WhatdoweknowaboutCarver’slifeinTuskegeeNormalandIndustrialSchool?A.Hewaswellpaidbytheschool.B.Hereliedonhimselftobuildhislab.C.Hesavedmoneybypickinguptrash.D.Hepublishedhisfindingsaheadoftime.3.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCarver’sreportonpeanuts?A.Itmadeacontributiontotheeconomy.B.Itincludednewfindingsonpeanutbutter.C.Itpreventedpeanutsfrominsectsattacking.D.Ithelpedfarmersfindmanyotherusesofpeanuts.BInthepastfewweeksRichardEckersleyhasnoticedachangeinpeoplewhocomeintohisshop.ThepreviousManchesterUnitedfootballer,whoturnedhisbackonthegametosetuptheUK’sfirst“zerowaste”storeonTotnesHighStreetinDevon,saysitisnolongeronlyenvironmentalistswhocamein,lookingforacleanerwaytoshop.“Alotofnewpeoplearecomingin.Wearegettingcallseveryweekfromaroundthecountryfrompeoplewantingtosetupsomethingsimilarintheirtowns,”saysEckersley,whosetuptheEarth.Food.LoveshopwithhiswifeNicolainMarch2017.Morethan200milesaway,IngridCaldironisharestheenthusiasm.Shesetuptheplastic-freeBulkMarketineastLondon.“Wehavehadanamazingresponse,”shesays.EckersleyandCaldironiareattheheadofananti-plasticmovementintheUKthathasbeenfuelledbynewspaperinvestigationsincludingTheGuardian’sBottlingItseriesandTheBluePlanettelevisionseries.Buttheirenthusiasmisnotsharedbybigsupermarkets,whichhavenointerestinreducingtheirplasticwaste.“Foranationofshopkeeperswearefallingbehindinthisrace,”saysSianSutherland,founderofthecampaignAPlasticPlanetwhichledthecallsforplastic-freegoodsshelves.Wanderingthroughsupermarketswhereeverythingiscoveredinplastic,Sutherlandsaysactionratherthanwordsisneeded.Herco-founderFrederikkeMagnussenexplainstheoriginsoftheircampaign.“Itstartedwithtwounreasonablewomenwhowantedchoice—andsupermarketsareallaboutchoice,right?Icanbuysugar-free,fat-free,Africanfood,Asianfood,yetifIwanttobuyplastic-freeitisimpossibleformetodoso.”Eckersleysays,“AfterWillow,mydaughter,wasborn,itmademethinkaboutwhatfutureliesaheadforher.IwantedtosaythatIatleasttried,andIwantedtomakeadifference.”4.WhathashappenedtoRichardEckersley’sbusiness?A.Ithasspreadworldwide.B.Itisattractinglargenumbersofcustomers.C.Ithasreceivedmanycomplaintsaboutitsgoods.D.Itisfacingfiercecompetitionfromothersimilarstores.5.WhatdoweknowaboutIngridCaldironi?A.Shelostmoneyonherbusiness.B.Shebuiltaplastic-freestoreinDevon.C.Shehadlittleinterestinwastereduction.D.Shetookpartinananti-plasticmovement.6.Howhavebigsupermarketsreactedtotheplastic-freeidea?A.Theyaregivinguptheiroriginalideas.B.Theyareofferingmorechoice.C.Theyshowlittleconcernforit.D.Theysupportit.7.WhatledtothecampaignAPlasticPlanet?A.Customers’needforplastic-freegoods.B.Plasticcoveringsinsupermarkets.C.TheBluePlanettelevisionseries.D.RichardEckersley’sstore.二、七选五Whatdoesitreallymeantobesuccessful?1.Itisaboutbeingabletoliveahappylife.

Ifyouwanttohaveasuccessfullife,herearethreethingsyouneedtofocuson.1.BelieveinyourselfIfyoudon’tbelieveinyourself,howdoyouexpectotherpeopleto?Whenyoubelieveinyourself,itfuels(促进)yourcreativityandyourmotivationtodothings.AllsuccessfulpeoplefromGandhitoTeslabelievedinthemselves.2.Weallhavetotrustthatwehavetheabilitytoturntheimpossibleintothepossible.

2.Knowyourintention3,itisimportanttohaveanunderstandingofyourintention.Ifyourintentionissimplyrootedinmoneyandfame,youarenevergoingtotrulyfeelsuccessful.Moneyandfameonlyservetheego(自负)anddon’tprovidetruefeelingsofsuccess.Foratrulysuccessfullife,yourintentionhastoberootedinyourpurposeandpassions.Whenyourintentionistoserveyourpurpose,makeachangeintheworldandexpressyourtalents,youwillfeeltruesuccessandsatisfaction.

3.4

Successisallaroundyourightnow.Stoptotakeamomentandyou’llnoticetheamazingsuccessthatisalreadypresentinyourlife.5.Beingthankfulforthetiniestsuccessesinlifewillhelpyoutocreatemoreandmoresuccess.

A.RealizeyouarealreadysuccessfulB.DiscoverthetruemeaningofsuccessC.ThisiswhatgavethemthedrivetosucceedD.IfyouwanttocreateagoodlivingconditionE.WhenitcomestoachievinggreatnessinthislifeF.ThatiswhenyouwillstarttofeeltrulysuccessfulG.Successismuchmorethanjustmoneyorfame三、语法填空LouisPasteurwasaFrenchscientistwhodevelopedcuresformanydangerous1.(illness).Healsosuccessfullyinventedawaytokillbacteriainmilkandmakeitsafetodrink.

Pasteurwasbornin1822,inDole,France.Hewasacourageousstudentwho2.(frequent)askedquestions,searchedforanswersandchallengedincorrectideas.He3.(receive)aDoctorofSciencedegreein1847.While4.(work)attheUniversityofLille,Pasteurdiscoveredfermentation,achemicalchangeusedtomakebread,cheeseandotherfoods,involvedgerms.Heshowedthatheatkilledthegermsthatcausefermentation.This5.(discover)ledtohisinventionofaprocessfordestroyingharmfulgermsinfood,whichbecame6.(know)aspasteurization(巴氏灭菌法).

Inthe1870s,LouisPasteursoughttofindacureforanthrax—adisease7.mainlyaffectscattle.Firstly,hefoundanthraxwasmuchmorelikelyiffarmersburieddeadsheepwiththediseaseinfields.Pasteuradvisedfarmersnot8.(bury)anydeadanimalsinareaswherecattlemayeatgrowinggrassinthefuture.In1881heconductedanexperimenttotryouthisvaccineforanthrax,whichwas9.success.

Pasteurdiedin1895,inSaint-Cloud,France.Onhislastdayheremarked:“Ishouldliketobeyounger,soastodevotemyself10.thestudyofnewdiseases.”

参考答案限时规范练21(必修5Unit1)一、【篇章导读】本文是记叙文。文章介绍了植物学家GeorgeWashingtonCarver的生平。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“hedidgardening”可知,GeorgeWashingtonCarver年少时料理花园。2.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Uponarriving,hefoundthattheschoolwasshortofmoneysoDr.Carverhadtoequiphisownlab”可知,GeorgeWashingtonCarver所在的学校没有足够的资金,因此他依靠自己的力量来建立实验室。3.A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“In1916,hepublishedaresearchreportonpeanuts,whichhelpedmanyfarmersturntopeanutsasacashcropandsavedtheeconomyoftheSouth”可知,GeorgeWashingtonCarver的研究拯救了当时南方的经济危机。【篇章导读】本文是新闻报道。文章报道了Eckersley的环保商店以及很多像他一样的人为减少白色污染而做出的努力。4.B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Alotofnewpeoplearecomingin”可知,RichardEckersley的商店吸引了众多消费者。5.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“EckersleyandCaldironiareattheheadofananti-plasticmovementintheUK”可知,Caldironi加入了抵制塑料制品的运动中。6.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Buttheirenthusiasmisnotsharedbybigsupermarkets,whichhavenointerestinreducingtheirplasticwaste”可知,大超市对抵制塑料制品的做法并不关心。7.A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Itstartedwithtwounreasonablewomenwhowantedchoice”可知,APlasticPlanet运动来源于顾客对无塑料制品的需求。二、【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章就成功提出三点建议,告诫人们:成功不仅仅只是收获名利,而是内心的满足。只要相信自己、明确目标、懂得满足,你就是成功的。1.G根据上文“Whatdoesitreallymeantobesuccessful?”及下文中的“Itisaboutbeingabletoliveahappylife”可知,此空应为成功的定义。G项指出:成功不只是金钱和名誉,符合上下文语境。2.C根据上文中的“Allsuccessfulpe