高考英语大一轮复习 限时规范练38 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 新人教版选修8-新人教版高三选修8英语试题

限时规范练38Unit3Inventorsandinventions核心素养关键词:培养学生人与社会、发明创造的素养能力意识一、阅读理解A“Garliccoffee”canbegoodnewstocoffee-lovingpregnantwomenasamaninnortheasternJapaninventedthedrinkthatlooksandtasteslikecoffeebutismadeupentirelyoflocallygrowngarlic.“Mydrinkisprobablytheworld’sfirstofitskind,”said75-year-oldYokitomoShimotai,whowasacoffeeshopownerinAomoriPrefecture.“Itcontainsnocaffeinesoit’sgoodforthosewhowouldliketodrinkcoffeeatnightorpregnantwomen.”Shimotai,whostartedthedrink’ssaleinJanuary2017,saidthedrinkwasaccidentallymadefromacookingmistakeabout30yearsago,whenheburnedasteakandgarlicwhilewaitingtablesathisshop.Hemashed(捣烂)theburntgarlicwithaspoonandmixeditwithhotwater.Whenhedrankit,hewassurprisedatits“coffee-liketaste”withbitterness.Shimotaibeganresearchingthedrinkafterretirement,aimedatturningitintoaproduct.Afterrepeatingtrialsanderrorsonthebestwaytomakeit,hecreateda“coffee”hecanbesatisfiedwithaboutsixyearsagobyusinganelectricfurnace(火炉)toroastthegarlic.Aftercoolingit,thegarlicismashedup.Shimotaitookapatentonthemethodin2015,andopenedaworkshopinneighboringIwatePrefecture.Whilehisdrinkhasapleasantsmellofroastedgarlic,itwillnotcausebadbreathbecauseitiscarefullyandfullyroasted,accordingtoShimotai.ThedrinkisnowavailableattwosouvenirshopsinAomoriPrefecture,orbyorderingbytelephone.Apacketcontainingonecupofgarliccoffeecosts324yen($2.8).OrderscanbemadewithhisworkshopcalledTechnoBaisenKoboat0195(37)1999inthecityofNinohe,IwatePrefecture.1.Whatmakes“garliccoffee”special?A.Itisn’tbitteratall.B.Itiscaffeine-free.C.Itdoesn’ttastelikecoffee.D.Itisespeciallygoodfornightworkers.2.WhatledtoShimotai’sinventionof“garliccoffee”?A.Acookingmistake.B.Themarketcompetition.C.Pregnantwomen’sdemand.D.Hisloveforgarlicandcoffee.3.Whereis“garliccoffee”produced?A.AtShinotai’shome.B.AtShimotai’scoffeeshop.C.AtTechnoBaisenKoboinIwatePrefecture.D.AttwosouvenirshopsinAomoriPrefecture.4.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Toencourageinvention.B.Toadvertise“garliccoffee”.C.Tointroduce“garliccoffee”.D.TopraiseYokitomoShimotai.BEveryoneknowschameleons(变色龙)canchangecolor,butwhydotheydoit?Supposeyouweregiventhesethreeoptions:(a)tomatchwiththeirsurroundings,(b)togetamate,or(c)toimpresshumans.Mostpeoplewouldchoose(a).Buttherealansweris(b).It’snotahard-and-fastrule:thereisevidencethatthecolorfulchangesofsomechameleonscanbeadisguise.Forinstance,thesmall-sizedchameleonBradypodiontaeniabronchumseemstomatchitssurroundingsmorecloselywhenfacinganenemywithbettercolorvision.Formostchameleons,however,changingcolorisallaboutgettingamate.Intheirnaturalenvironment,mostchameleonsmatchwiththeirsurroundingsprettywell,saysecologistKristopherKarstenofCaliforniaLutheranUniversityinThousandOaks.Sowhentheychangecolor,theytendtomakethemselveseasiertonotice.Competingmaleswilloftenbattleitoutwithacolor-changefight.Thecolor-changeprocessdoesn’tworkthewayyoumightexpectittoeither.Mostofuswouldthinkitisachievedbysomekindofpigments(色素).ButastudypublishedinMarch2015suggeststhatthecolorchangeshavenothingtodowithchemistryatall.Instead,itturnsouttherearesomenanocrystals(纳米晶体)withinthechameleon’scells.Bychangingthepositionsofthesecrystals,thechameleoncanshowdifferentshadesofcolor.It’snotjustabouthowchameleonslook.Theyarealsounusuallygoodatusingtheireyes.InaneatstudypublishedinJuly2015,zoologistsshowedchameleonstwoobjectsthatmovedaroundacomputerscreen.Thechameleonswereabletosplittheirvision,eacheyeindependentlyfocusingonadifferentobject.Eventually,thechameleonsseemedtomakeachoice,botheyeslockingontothesametarget.Thiswaytheycoulddoabetterjobofjudginghowfarawaytheobjectswere—andthushowfartoshootouttheirtongues.Allthatsaid,thereisalotthatwestilldon’tknowaboutchameleons.5.WhydoesBradypodiontaeniabronchumchangecolor?A.Tohuntfood.B.Tocheatitsenemies.C.Tomakeitselfdisappear.D.Toattracthuman’sattention.6.Howdomalechameleonscompetewitheachotherforamate?A.Bychangingcolor.B.Bystaringateachother.C.Byfightingwitheachother.D.Bymatchingwiththeirsurroundings.7.Howdochameleonschangecolor?A.Byproducingmorenanocrystals.B.Byusingdifferentkindsofpigments.C.Bychangingthepositionsoftheircells.D.Bychangingthepositionsoftheirnanocrystals.8.Whatisspecialaboutchameleons’eyes?A.Theycantelldifferentcolors.B.Theycanseeobjectsfromalongdistance.C.Theycannoticeobjectsonacomputerscreen.D.Theycanfocusontwoobjectsatonetime.二、完形填空AlonzoJohnsonstopped.Hedecidedtohelpa(n)1elderlymandownanescalator(自动扶梯)inaMassachusettsshoppingmalllastweek,2the23-year-oldcouldneverhavepredictedthathissimple,randomactofkindnesswouldwinhimthe3ofthousandsofpeopleonline.

Anoldman4atthetopofanescalatorandafewpeoplestartedgathering5togeton.Itwasclearhewasfeeling6astowhethertostepontotheescalatorornot.Johnsonspottedtheseniorcitizenhesitatingand7thesimplestkindness.Hereachedouta(n)8andaskedwithasmileonhisface,“CanIhelpyou,sir?”

Theoldmanquietlystartedto9totheyoungmanthathehadgottenstuckonanescalatoronceandwasalittle10.Theyoungmangentlyofferedhisassurance,they11eachothereyetoeyeforjustamomentandtheoldman12hisarm.Everyoneelseremained13andwaited.

PaulaPicardandafriendwerestandingnearbyand14totakeatouchingphotoofthepairlinkingarmsasthey15theescalatortogether.Shepostedthe16onFacebookanditspread17withmorethan420,000likesand25,000commentsinjustafewhours.

Johnsonsaidhenever18hisactionswouldreachsomanypeople.

“HelookedveryafraidandIthoughtmaybeIcould19,”Johnsonsaid.“Mymomalwaystellsustobeniceanddothe20thing.It’sreallythewayIwasbroughtupandhowIwasraised.”

1.A.busy B.frightened C.injured D.blind2.A.so B.if C.but D.because3.A.praise B.blame C.happiness D.anger4.A.stopped B.worked C.read D.fell5.A.running B.pushing C.shouting D.waiting6.A.hopeful B.convenientC.unsure D.uncomfortable7.A.offered B.sold C.wanted D.took8.A.eye B.arm C.rope D.stick9.A.promise B.proveC.apologize D.explain10.A.excited B.surprisedC.scared D.disappointed11.A.arguedwith B.listenedtoC.lookedat D.raninto12.A.accepted B.shook C.refused D.left13.A.anxious B.patient C.interested D.worried14.A.managed B.avoided C.asked D.failed15.A.talkedabout B.walkedtowardsC.wentdown D.searchedfor16.A.message B.CommentC.example D.photo17.A.differently B.quicklyC.strangely D.completely18.A.meant B.admittedC.understood D.expected19.A.help B.follow C.see D.smile20.A.easy B.famous C.right D.perfect三、短文改错Whenaskingaboutmymother,Ioftenreplythatsheisperhapstheonlyonecanunderstandmyfeelingswithoutanyexchangeofwords.Tomyview,there’snothingstrongthanherloveforme.Sheknowshowtomakemesmileandatthesametimeknowshowtomakemebehaveme.Mostimportant,shealwaysdoeswhatshecantohelpmeparticularlywhenIaminthetrouble.OnasaddayIwillalwaysbecomehappier,justbyseeherlovingeyesandencouragedsmile.Mymotherwas,isandwillalwaysbemyfirstandbestfriendsforever.参考答案限时规范练38(选修8Unit3)一、【篇章导读】本文是说明文。一位日本老人用大蒜作为原料发明了一款特别的咖啡。1.B细节理解题。由第二段中的“Itcontainsnocaffeine”可知,大蒜咖啡不含咖啡因成分。2.A细节理解题。由第三段中的“...thedrinkwasaccidentallymadefromacookingmistakeabout30yearsago”可知,Shimotai因为一次烹饪失误意外做成了这种咖啡。3.C细节理解题。由倒数第四段中的“...openedaworkshopinneighboringIwatePrefecture”以及最后一段中的“OrderscanbemadewithhisworkshopcalledTechnoBaisenKobo”可知,Shimotai开了一间工作坊制作大蒜咖啡,这间工作坊名叫TechnoBaisenKobo。4.C写作目的题。本文主要介绍了大蒜咖啡发明的契机以及其制作过程,有关它的生产与销售文中只是略有提及,故选C项。【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了变色龙变色的原因、方法及其眼睛的特殊之处。5.B细节理解题。由第二段中的“...thereisevidencethatthecolorfulchangesofsomechameleons...facinganenemywithbettercolorvision”可知,有些变色龙改变身体颜色是为了伪装自己,而Bradypodiontaeniabronchum这种变色龙便是其中的一个例子,它碰到色彩视感强的敌人时,会变成与周围环境更接近的颜色,以迷惑敌人。6.A细节理解题。由第三段中的“Competingmaleswilloftenbattleitoutwithacolor-changefight.”可知,雄性变色龙决斗的方式是“变色大战”。7.D细节理解题。由第五段中的“Bychangingthepositionsofthesecrystals...differentshadesofcolor”可知,变色龙通过改变细胞内纳米晶体的位置来显示不同的颜色,从而达到改变身体颜色的效果。8.D细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Thechameleonswereabletosplit...independentlyfocusingonadifferentobject.”可知,变色龙的两只眼睛可以同时分别聚焦在不同的物体上面。二、【篇章导读】本文是记叙文。一位老人不敢乘坐自动扶梯,一位年轻人伸出援手,热心帮忙。1.B由最后一段中的“Helookedveryafraid”可知,Johnson看到老人时,老人看起来非常“害怕(frightened)”。2.CJohnson帮助老人下扶梯,这一小小的善举获得了网友的广泛关注,这是他始料未及的,该空前后两句话存在语义上的转折关系,故填but。3.A由下文“morethan420,000likesand25,000comments”可知,Johnson扶老人下扶梯的照片获得大量的点赞与评论,他的善举赢得了人们的“称赞(praise)”。4.A由下文“afewpeoplestartedgathering”以及“whethertostepontotheescalatorornot”可知,老人没有走上扶梯,他身后已经聚集了一些人,由此可推断,老人此时“停(stopped)”在扶梯顶端。5.D下文“Everyoneel