人教版高中英语选修八第8讲：unit-4-Pygmalion-语法篇(学生版)

第8讲Pygmalion语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.掌握动词过去分词作状语的用法；2.能够熟练运用非谓语中过去分词作状语。过去分词作状语:1.过去分词修饰谓语动词作状语，常用来进一步说明谓语动词的动作发生时的背景或状况，其主语是过去分词之动作的承受者，即过去分词表示的动作不是句子的主语发出的，所以过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。如：Filledwithextraordinarystrength,heraisedhimself.他使出全身的力气站了起来。（filledwithextraordinarystrength表示主语“he”当时所处的状态）[来Surroundedbyagroupofyoungpeople,theoldmanfelthappy.身边围着一群年轻人，老人感到很高兴。（surrounded指主语“theoldman”是该动作的承受者）比较：Thetrainerappeared,followedbysixlittledogs.训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。（过去分词“followed”表示主语是该动作的承受者，即“thetrainer”被“sixlittledogs”跟着）Thetrainerappeared,followingsixlittledogs.训练员跟在六条小狗的后面出现了。（现在分词“following”表示主语是该动作的执行者，即“thetrainer”跟着“sixlittledogs”）2.现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。Notreceivinganyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.AsIdidn’treceiveanyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Ifmoreattentionwasgiven,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.(条件)Walkingalongthestreet,Iranacrossmyoldfriend.Bittenbyasnake,hewastakentohospital.(原因)Thoughdefeated,hedidn’tloseheart.(让步)Helayonthegrass,lookingintothesky.(伴随)Hecamerunningtotellmethegoodnews.(方式)注意：1.选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：(Being)Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。2.分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。(2015重庆高考)________inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.Being raised B.Raising C.Raised D.ToraiseIf________forthejob,youwillbeinformedsoon.toaccept B.accept C.accepting D.Accepted________inpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.A.Toabsorb B.Tobeabsorbed C.Absorbed D.Absorbing(2014天津高考)Clearlyandthoughtfully________,thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.

A.writing B.towrite C.written D.beingwritten(2015湖南高考)Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceif________inthewronghands.leaving B.toleave C.leave D.Left基础演练1.Sarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyouwon'thavetimeto_____beforetheparty.A.getchanged B.getchange C.getchanging D.gettochange2.______fromthemoon,theearthlookslikeacolorfulball.A.Seeing B.Seen C.Havingseen D.Havingbeenseen3.______amonghightrees,thehousecan'teasilybeseen.A.Hidden B.Hid C.Hide

D.Hiding4.______,Tomislovedbyallthepeopleinthevillage.A.Beinganhonestman B.BeingthatheisanhonestmanC.Heisanhonestman D.Anhonestmanbeing5.______someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.Followed B.Followedby C.Beingfollowed D.Havingbeenfollowed巩固提高6.If___green,thedoormightlookmorebeautiful.A.paint

B.painted C.painting D.topaint7.______,liquidscanbechangedintogases.A.Heating B.Tobeheated C.Heated D.Heat8.When______,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completed B.completing C.beingcompleted D.tobecompleted9.______deepdownintheearthforthousandsofyears,thedeadforesthasrottedawayandbecomecoal.A.Buried

B.Burying C.Havingburied D.Havingbeenburied10.WhenIgothome,therewas______,soIgotangry.A.alittlefoodtoleave

B.littlefoodleftC.alittlefoodleaving

D.littlefoodtoleave11.______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.Notreceiving B.ReceivingnotC.Nothavingreceived D.Havingnotreceived12.Thesearethefacts______bytheschool.A.togather

B.gathering C.gathered D.tobegathered13.Hegothisshoes______yesterday.A.torepair

B.repairing C.beingrepaired D.repaired14.________intheearly20thcentury，theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.A.Tofound B.Founding C.Founded D.Havingfounded15.Ilivedinahouse______byalotofpinetrees.A.surrounding B.tosurround C.surrounded

D.tobesurrounded1.Myfatherencouragedmeinmypainting,butneverlikedtoseeanyofmyworks______inpublic.A.exhibiting

B.exhibited C.havingexhibited D.beingexhibited2.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit_____onhisownfarm.A.grown B.beinggrown C.tobegrown D.togrow3.Everyeveningafterdinner,ifnot____fromwork,Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog.A.beingtired B.tiring C.tired D.tobetired4.____nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.A.Reminding B.Reminded C.Toremind D.Havingreminded5._____bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.A.Beingencouraged B.EncouragingC.Encouraged D.Havingencouraged6._____manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.A.Told B.Telling C.Havingtold D.Havingbeentold7.____therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrowintointernationalstars.A.Giving B.Havinggiven C.Togive D.Given8._____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.Losing

B.Havinglost C.Lost

D.Tolose9.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.A.carryout

B.carryingout C.carriedout

D.tocarryout10.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.begins

B.havingbegun C.beginning

D.Begun11.Nomatterhowfrequently,theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.A.Performed B.Performing C.tobeperformed D.beingperformed12.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunlesseveryday.A.watered B.watering C.water D.towater13.byagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.A.Driven B.Beingdriven C.Todrive D.Havingdriven14.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglishasmuchaswecan.A.speak B.speaking C.spoken D.tospeak15.Itisoneofthefunniestthingsontheinternetsofarthisyear.A.finding B.beingfound C.tofind D.found__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________单项选择1.Everythingwasoutoforderinthe______shop.A.robbed

B.rob C.robbing

D.haverobbed2.Thisisa______movieandeveryonewas______.A.moved,moving

B.moved,movedC.moving,moved

D.moving,moving3.Theyarevery______toseeher___face.A.pleasing,smiled

B.pleasing,smilingC.pleased,smiled

D.pleased,smiling4.I'mverygladtoseetheproblem______.A.settle

B.settled C.beingsettled

D.settling5.I'msorrytohavekeptyou______solongatime.A.wait

B.towait C.waited

D.waiting6.Whenhegothome,hefoundhispocket______openandhiswallet______.A.cut,stealing B.cut,stolen C.cutting,stealing D.cutting,stolen7.Thousandsofpeasantsareupintothecity______vegetables,fruitandsomeotherthingseveryday.A.sell

B.selling C.sold

D.tobeselling8.Theoldfarmerhadhisleg______buthehadhistractors______dayandnight.A.hurting,working B.hurting,workedC.hurt,working

D.hurt,worked9.Lindacan'tattendtheparty______atTom'shouseatpresentbecausesheispreparingaspeechfortheparty______atMarie'shousetomorrow.A.beingheld,tobeheld B.tobeheld,heldC.held,beingheld D.tobeheld,tobeheld10.InApril,2009,PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao,____the60thanniversaryofthefoundingofPLANavy.A.marking B.marked C.havingmarked D.beingmarked二.完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Thatmakesachildspeakalanguagehaslongbeenapuzzletolinguists(语言学家).1speaking,therearetwoschoolsoflinguists,bothof2trytoexplain3achildpicksupalanguagesoeasily.Thefactthatachildpicksupalanguage4issurprising:atoneyearold,achildisableto5"bye-bye";attwo,heisabletousefiftywords;bythreehebeginsto6tenses.ThefamousAmericanlinguistNoamChomsky7thathumanbeingshaveasortofbuilt-insystemforlanguageuse,andthatthe8isonlysecondary.Childrenarenottaughtlanguage9theyaretaughtarithmetic.Otherlinguists,10,holdtheviewthatachildlearns11ofhislanguagefromthehintsintheenvironment.12,theoristsofbothschools13thatthereisabiologicalbasisforlanguageandlanguageuse.The14iswhichismoreimportant,theinnerabilityortheenvironment.Thisiscertainlyafield15tobeexplored.Researchersfrombothschoolsarebusyfindingevidenceto16theirowntheory,but17sideispersuadingtheother.Itseemsthatinorderto18whyachildlearnsalanguagesoeasily,wehaveto19thejointeffortsofbothschools.Somelinguists,likeDeVilliers,haverecognizedthevalueofcooperation,and20linguistsofbothsidestoworktogether.1.A.surprisingly B.personally C.properly D.roughly2.A.themB.whoC.whom D.which3.A.that B.when Cwhy D.how4.A.independently B.naturally C.withouthelp D.withease5.A.speak B.say C.wave D.respond6.A.master B.study C.have D.get7.A.doubts B.believes C.realizes D.criticizes8.A.help B.teacher C.environment D.hint9.A.as B.for C.when D.though10.A.inparticular B.asaresult C.however D.therefore11.A.alittle B.some C.nothing D.most12.A.Before B.Fromnowon C.Justnow D.Bynow13.A.suspect B.disagree C.agree D.realize14.A.case B.quarrel C.problem D.question15.A.waiting B.planningC.neverD.unlikely16.A.provide B.create C.supply D.support17.A.notaB.one C.neitherD.either18.A.findout B.ruleput' C.searchfor D.lookfor19.A.getridof B.trustin C.relyonD.persistin20.A.ordered B.criticized C.challenged D.urged三.阅读理解IrecentlywroteanautobiographyinwhichIrecalledmanyoldmemories.Oneofthemwasfrommyschoolday's,whenourninthgradeteacher,MissRaber,wouldpickoutwordsfromtheReader'sDigesttotestourvocabulary.Today,morethan45yearslater,Ialwayscheckout"ItpaystoEnrichyourWordPower"firstwhentheDigestcomeseachmonth.Iamimpressedwiththatidea,wordpower.Reader'sDigestknowsthepowerthatwordshavetomovepeople—toentertain,inform,andinspire.TheDigesteditorsknowthatthebigwordisn'talwaysthebestword.Takejustoneexample,aQuotableQuotefromtheFebruary1985issue:"Timeisaplayfulthing.Itslipsquicklyanddrinksthedaylikeabowlofmilk."Seventeenwords,onlytwoofthemmorethanonesyllable,yethowmuchtheyconvey!That'susuallyhowitiswithReader'sDigest.Smallandsimplecanbeprofound.Aschairmanofafoundationtorestore