人教版高考英语一轮复习语法专题3第3讲定语从句课件

第3讲定语从句内容索引010203情境导入考点解读技法图解情境导入Itwasthesummerof2012,when①IcametoGuangningNo.1SeniorHighSchool.Ourschoolisawonderfulplace,where②Icanseealotofbeautifulbuildingsandalargesquare.Our

classroom,the

roof

of

which③lookslikearocketinthedistance,islocatedinthecenterofourschool.Themainreasonwhy④IlikeourschoolisthatIcanmakemanyfriends.Icangetalongwithmyclassmateshere,two

of

whom⑤aremybestfriends.Theteacherwhom⑥IlikemostisMr

Zhang,ourmathteacher.Tobehonest,Igraduallyfallinlovewithourschool.用法感悟①when为关系副词,在定语从句中作

语,其先行词为

。②where为关系副词,在定语从句中作

语,其先行词为

。③the

roof

of

which为“the

+名词+of+关系代词”,在定语从句中作

语,其先行词为

。

④why为关系副词,在定语从句中作

语,其先行词为reason。

⑤two

of

whom为“数词+of+关系代词”,在定语从句中作

语,其先行词为

。

⑥whom为关系代词,在定语从句中作宾语,其先行词为

。

时间状2012地点状place主classroom原因状主classmatesteacher考点解读考点1关系代词引导定语从句时需注意的3组辨析一、关系代词that与which的用法辨析只用that的情况:1.先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词;2.先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰;3.先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰,或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级;4.先行词被theonly,thevery(正是、恰是),thelast等修饰;5.先行词中既有人也有物;6.在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中引导定语从句。7.先行词是theway,并在定语从句中充当状语时,关系代词用that/inwhich或省略关系词。Thisisthe

veryfilmthatIwanttosee.这正是我想看的一部影片。Thefamouswriter

and

his

book

thatyoureferredtojustnowarewell-knownnow.你刚才提到的那位著名作家和他的书现在非常有名。二、which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别

项目whichas位置上只能放在先行词的后面位置灵活,可位于句首、句中,也可置于句末搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,如see,hear,know,expect,remember等意思上这一点正如……,正像……的那样Shemarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.她再婚了,这是始料不及的。Shemarriedagain,asweexpected.正如我们预料的那样,她再婚了。三、其他关系代词的用法辨析

关系代词先行词在从句中所作成分who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(=ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定语Eachgraduatestandingontheplayground,whowasaccompaniedbyaparent,wouldbeawardedadiplomabytheheadmaster.每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上,将由校长给他们颁发文凭。Mydaughter,whosejobrequireshertodoalotoftravelling,isalwaysawayfromhome.我的女儿总不在家,她的工作需要经常出差。小题快练

单句语法填空1.(2023全国乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace

welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.

2.(2023全国甲卷)Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,___________RachelCarsonsaysin“A

Fable

for

Tomorrow.”

3.(2022全国甲卷)Onthe1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,

losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.

which/thataswho4.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies

livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.

5.(2024江苏百校联考)Hehasbeenpractisingitsincehewassixyearsoldundertheguidanceofhisuncles,Chen

XiaowangandChenXiaoxing,

aretwoiconicfiguresofChen-styletaijiquaninHenanProvince.thatwho考点2关系副词的用法一、关系副词指代的先行词及其作用关系副词先行词在从句中的作用与“介词+关系代词”的关系when表示时间的名词time,day,year等时间状语=at/in/on/duringwhichwhere表示场所的名词park,place,country,house等地点状语=in/at/to/onwhichwhy表示理由的名词短语thereason原因状语=forwhichWeliveinanagewhenmoreinformationisavailablewithgreateasethaneverbefore.我们生活在一个比以往任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.古代中国是各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。Canyoutellmethereasonwhy(=for

which)youarelateagain?你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗?二、注意事项1.先行词为抽象名词point,position,situation,stage,state,case,scene

等时,后面也常用where引导定语从句。Hesaidifwereallygottothepoint

whereweneededtouselifejackets,hewouldhavealreadydiedofterror.他说如果我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步,他早就吓死了。2.reason作先行词时,若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语,定语从句要用that或which引导。Thebossdoesn’twanttohearanyreason(that/which)yougive.老板不想听你所给的任何理由。小题快练

单句语法填空1.(2023全国甲卷)“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica_________alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundings,”herfablebegins,borrowingsomefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.

2.(2021天津6月卷改编)Inthespring,aseason

wearelearningnewrhythmsoflife,manyofusfindcomfortinthenaturalworld.

3.(2024广东江门模拟)ThechallengetookplaceatGuangzhouTechnicianCollege,GuangdongProvince,

Wang,alongwithfourofhisteammembersand355studentsfromthecollege,completedahugelightdrawingartworkinaroundtwohours.

wherewhenwhere4.(2023湖南邵阳三模)Itisatime

wehavetokeepourselvesincheckandnotbecomelazy.

5.(2023湖南常德三模)ThemostmemorableplacewevisitedwastheChateauChangyu-Castel,

Changyu’swine-makingmagicreallyhappens.whenwhere考点3“介词+关系代词”结构一、“介词+关系代词”结构的用法“介词+关系代词”既能引导限制性定语从句,又能引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指物时,关系代词用which;先行词指人时,关系代词用whom;关系代词whose与所修饰的名词也可同时放在介词之后。TheUSAisalargecountryin

whichmanydifferentdialectsarespoken.美国是一个大国,有着许许多多不同的方言。Heisthepersonon

whomyoucandepend.他是你可以信赖的人。Hewasthemanfrom

whose

roomthethiefhadstolenhisbag.他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。二、“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的确定1.根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersonto

whomshecouldturnforhelp.(turntosbforhelp)在黑暗的街道上,没有一个她可以求助的人。Physicsisthesubjectin

whicheverystudentinourschoolisinterested.(beinterestedin)物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的学科。2.根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。I’llneverforgetthetimeduring

whichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.(duringthattime)我将永远不会忘记我在乡下度过的童年时光。(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。Thecolorlessgaswithout

whichwecan’tliveiscalledoxygen.这种无色的气体就是氧气,离了它我们无法生存。三、“介词+关系代词”结构的变式1.“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句有时可以与“介词+关系代词+不定式”转换。Shemusthavetimein

whichshecouldgrowcalm(=inwhichtogrowcalm).她需要时间冷静。Frank’sdreamistohavehisowngardenin

whichhecanproducemanybeautifulflowers(=inwhichtoproducemanybeautifulflowers).弗兰克的梦想是拥有自己的花园,在里面可以种植许多漂亮的花。2.“名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”结构HetoldusastoryinEnglish,the

meaning

of

whichIcouldn’tunderstandcompletely.他用英语给我们讲了一个故事,我不能完全理解它的意思。Thereareabout400studentsinourgrade,most

of

whomarefromHaidianDistrict.我们年级大约有400名学生,其中大多数来自海淀区。小题快练

单句语法填空1.(2024广东六校模拟)Accordingtotheinscription,afterthecompletionofthetemple,thelocalmedicineexpertmeetingwasorganizedhereonApril28inmostyearsoftheQingDynasty,during

allkindsoftalentedpeopleperformed,andthevocalmusiclastedformore