2024届高考英语（新高考）压轴真题专项练习-阅读理解CD篇（医疗健康健身类）附答案

2024届高考英语（新高考通用）压轴真题专项练习——阅读理解CD篇（医疗健康健身类）命题预测分析近几年高考阅读理解C、D篇可知，高考命题中科普说明文一直都是以压轴题的形式存在，着重考查考生对于语篇的理解能力以及信息处理能力。题材多样，语篇主要来源于英美主流报刊、杂志和网站。内容涉及科技创新发明、人工智能类、医疗健身健康类、社会与文化研究报告、观念事理类、环境与保护类、动植物研究等多种领域，具有较强的思想性、趣味性、实际功用性和较强的时代感。从近年全国卷和各地高考试卷中科普类阅读命题的统计来看，高考阅读理解科普类文章的理论性和逻辑性强、生词多、句式结构复杂。六种命题类型都有所体现。命题尊重语篇的文体特征和行文特点，考查了考生理解说明文语篇的能力，以及灵活运用各种阅读策略提取、归纳所读信息的能力，尤其加大了对概括能力和推断能力等高阶思维能力的考查。预测2024年高考对于科普说明文的考查仍然是重点。高频考法推理判断题标题归纳题细节理解题词义猜测题说明文基本规律及解题要领高考中科普类阅读理解一般不给标题，反而经常要求考生选择最佳标题。说明文一般采用如下四部分：首段：一般即是文章的主题段，开门见山点明新发明或研究对象。背景:交代问题的现状或研究的起因。主干:部分介绍研究所取得的突破，作者往往会详细介绍研究对象、研究方法、研究理论或具体的实验、统计等过程。结尾:通常会再次对中心进行概括、重述研究成果、预计的市场未来等与主题呼应。二、说明文的解题技巧1.运用语篇结构（textstructure），了解文章大意科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定。弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨和阅读重点。医疗健身健康类文章多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其对医疗、疾病、健康等方面产生的影响。结构上一般采用上述四个部分，说明手法上常使用以下说明方法：描述法（包括举例子、下定义、列数据等）、因果法、问题与对策法。实验研究型文章一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。阅读时，首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，根据英语说明文思维模式特征，作者一般都会开门见山，直奔主题。结尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应。因此在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。2.定位标志词，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个标志词或者中心句。根据题干要求，用查读法快速定位到相关段落。再利用标志词所提供的逻辑关系找到细节信息，如列数据、举例子、原因和结果等。如果句子成分复杂，有生词，也不要烦躁退缩，分析主句和从句或非谓语动词之间的关系，一些出现在术语、抽象概念、长难句前后的同义词、近义词等，都是用以理解文章的语境线索。通过这些对长句进行层层剖析，露出主干部分，就能明晰句意，弄懂作者的真实意图。关注某人说到或推断观点态度题某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作者想表达的，正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感情色彩的词。4.关注转折关系的逻辑词说明文中常会出现表示转折意义的词，如however,but,yet,while等。这些词后面才是作者真正想表达的意思，常常会在此处命题。5.熟悉选项设置规律，关注细节正确选项：文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。干扰项：“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。02医疗健身健康类1.（2024·湖北武汉·一模）Manythink2024couldbetheyearmorepeoplehavethetoolstofollowthroughonNewYear’sresolutionsaboutweightloss.Iftheycanaffordthemandmanagetostickwiththem,peoplecanturntoanewgenerationofremarkablyeffectiveweight-lossdrugs,alsocalledGLP-1s,whichofferthepotentialforsubstantialweightloss.Wegovy,whichwasapprovedin2021,andZepbound,whichgotthenodfromtheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationin2023,arethemosteffectivepubliclyavailableweight-lossdrugsevermade.Wegovyhasbeenshowntohelppeopleshedasmuchas16%oftheirbodyweight,incombinationwithexerciseanddiet.Zepbound’shighestdose,alongwithlifestylechanges,hashelpedpeopleloseasmuchas27%oftheirbodyweightover18months.Althoughlong-termdataisn’tavailable,thesedrugsappeartobethesafesttodate.Alargenumberofpeoplesufferfromgastrointestinaldistress(肠胃不适)onthemedications,includingvomiting,nauseaanddiarrhea;butmoreserioussideeffects,likethosepreviousweight-lossdrugs,havebeenrare.Wegovyalsoappearstoreducetheriskofarepeatingheartattackorstrokeforpeoplewithpre-existingdisease.Sofar,bothdrugshavebeenhardforpatientstoaccess.Suppliershavehadtroublemakingenoughofthemedicinestomeettheskyrocketingdemand.Andinsurancecompanieshaven’tcoveredthecostofthedrugs,whichcanrunfromabout$1,000toover$1,300amonth.Payingforthemshouldbecomeeasierin2024,assuppliesriseupandinsurancecompaniescouldbowtomarketpressureandcovermoreofthecost.Alsointhenewyear,therearemoreGLP-1drugsonthewayandinmoreforms.BothWegovyandZepboundaredeliveredasweeklyshots.Pillversionsareunderdevelopmentasareothermedications,someofwhichcouldhelppeopleloseevenmoreweight.There’samajorunknownfactorwiththesedrugs,whichcouldbecomebetterunderstoodinthecomingyears.Expertscan’tsayifpeoplewillbeabletokeeptheweightoffiftheydon’tmakelifestylechangesandstoptakingthedrugs.1．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Thesideeffectsofthetwodrugs. B．Thesafetyofthetwodrugs.C．Theadvantagesofthetwodrugs. D．Thedoubtaboutthetwodrugs.2．Whichisthereasonfortheshortageofthetwodrugs?A．Thetechnologytomakethemedicinesisnotmature.B．Theyareexpensive,soldataround$1,000foreachshot.C．Theyarenotcurrentlyincludedinthemedicalinsurance.D．Therearenopillversionsofthetwodrugsonthemarket.3．WhichstatementaboutGLP-1drugsiscorrect?A．Theyaremainlyinjectedintopatientsatpresent.B．Theycaneffectivelyreduceweightby27%peryear.C．Thedoubtaboutthedrugswillbeclearedinthecomingyear.D．Thedrugswillsubstantiallysolvetheweightissueonceandforall.4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofGLP-1drugs?A．Doubtful. B．Critical. C．Objective. D．Hopeful.【正确答案】1．B2．A3．A4．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了GLP-1这种新一代非常有效的减肥药，主要包括其作用、安全性、当前面临的挑战，以及未来发展的趋势。1．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Althoughlong-termdataisn’tavailable,thesedrugsappeartobethesafesttodate.Alargenumberofpeoplesufferfromgastrointestinaldistress(肠胃不适)onthemedications,includingvomiting,nauseaanddiarrhea;butmoreserioussideeffects,likethosepreviousweight-lossdrugs,havebeenrare.Wegovyalsoappearstoreducetheriskofarepeatingheartattackorstrokeforpeoplewithpre-existingdisease.(虽然没有长期数据，但这些药物似乎是迄今为止最安全的。许多人在服药后出现肠胃不适，包括呕吐、恶心和腹泻；但像之前的减肥药那样，更严重的副作用很少出现。Wegovy似乎还能降低已有疾病的人再次心脏病发作或中风的风险)”可知，本段主要从服药后的副作用减少以及药物疗效两个方面介绍了这两种药的安全性。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Suppliershavehadtroublemakingenoughofthemedicinestomeettheskyrocketingdemand.(供应商在生产足够的药品以满足飙升的需求方面遇到了困难)”可知，这两种药物短缺的原因是制造药物的技术不成熟，无法生产大量的药物。故选A项。3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“BothWegovyandZepboundaredeliveredasweeklyshots.Pillversionsareunderdevelopmentasareothermedications(Wegovy和Zepbound都是每周注射一次。药丸版本正在开发中，其他药物也在开发中)”可知，这类药物目前主要是注射到病人体内。故选A项。4．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Payingforthemshouldbecomeeasierin2024,assuppliesriseupandinsurancecompaniescouldbowtomarketpressureandcovermoreofthecost.(2024年，随着供应量的增加，保险公司可能会屈服于市场压力，承担更多的成本，支付这些费用应该会变得更容易)”、倒数第二段中“Alsointhenewyear,therearemoreGLP-1drugsonthewayandinmoreforms.(同样在新的一年里，将会有更多的GLP-1药物以更多的形式出现)”和最后一段中“There’samajorunknownfactorwiththesedrugs,whichcouldbecomebetterunderstoodinthecomingyears.(这些药物有一个主要的未知因素，在未来几年可能会得到更好的理解)”可知，作者介绍了这类药物的支付将更容易，形式会更多样，其未知因素将会得到更明确的理解。由此推知，作者对其发展抱有希望。故选D项。2.（2024高三全国模拟）Peoplewhoeatjusttwoservingsofredmeatperweekmayhaveanincreasedriskofdevelopingtype2diabetes(糖尿病)comparedtopeoplewhoeatfewerservings,andtheriskincreaseswithgreaterconsumption,accordingtoanewstudyledbyresearchersfromHarvardT.H.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth.Whilepreviousstudieshavefoundalinkbetweenredmeatconsumptionandtype2diabetesrisk,thisstudy,whichanalyzedalargenumberoftype2diabetescasesamongparticipantsbeingfollowedforanextendedperiodofyears,addsagreaterlevelofcertaintyabouttheassociation.Type2diabetesratesareincreasingrapidlyintheU.S.andworldwide.Thediseaseisnotonlyaseriousburden,butalsoamajorriskfactorforkidneydisease,cancer,anddementia.Forthisstudy,theresearchersanalyzedhealthdatafrom216,695participantsfromtheNurses'HealthStudy,andHealthProfessionalsFollow-upStudy.Dietwasassessedwithfoodfrequencyquestionnaireseverytwotofouryears,forupto36years.Duringthistime,morethan22,000participantsdevelopedtype2diabetes.Theresearchersfoundthatconsumptionofredmeat,includingprocessedandunprocessedredmeat,wasstronglyassociatedwithincreasedriskoftype2diabetes.Participantswhoatethemostredmeathada62%higherriskofdevelopingtype2diabetescomparedtothosewhoatetheleast.Everyadditionaldailyservingofprocessedredmeatwasassociatedwitha46%greaterriskofdevelopingtype2diabetesandeveryadditionaldailyservingofunprocessedredmeatwasassociatedwitha24%greaterrisk.Theresearchersalsoassessedthepotentialeffectsofsubstitutingonedailyservingofredmeatforanotherproteinsource.Theyfoundthatsubstitutingwithaservingofnutswasassociatedwitha30%lowerriskoftype2diabetes,andsubstitutingwithaservingofdairyproductswasassociatedwitha22%lowerrisk.Inadditiontohealthbenefits,substitutingredmeatforhealthyplantproteinsourceswouldhelpreducegreenhousegasemissions:andclimatechange,andprovideotherenvironmentalbenefits,accordingtotheresearchers.5．Whatsetsthenewstudyapartfrompreviousresearch?A．Differentfocusareas. B．ScientistsfromHarvard.C．Uniqueresearchmethodsandfindings. D．Moreparticipantsandlongerfollow-upperiod:6．HowisParagraph4mainlyorganized?A．Bydescribingtheresearchprocess. B．Bypresentingthedataofhealthrisk.C．Byprovidingbackgroundinformation. D．Bycomparingdifferentkindsofmeat.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“substituting”inParagraph6probablymean?A．Adding. B．Decreasing. C．Swapping. D．Ignoring.8．Whereisthistextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Amedicaljournal. B．Acookbook.C．Asciencefiction. D．Afashionmagazine.【正确答案】5．D6．B7．C8．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哈佛大学T.H.Chan公共卫生学院的研究人员领导的一项新研究表明，每周只吃两份红肉的人患2型糖尿病的风险可能比少吃红肉的人高，而且吃得越多，风险就越高。5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Whilepreviousstudieshavefoundalinkbetweenredmeatconsumptionandtype2diabetesrisk,thisstudy,whichanalyzedalargenumberoftype2diabetescasesamongparticipantsbeingfollowedforanextendedperiodofyears,addsagreaterlevelofcertaintyabouttheassociation.(虽然之前的研究发现了红肉消费与2型糖尿病风险之间的联系，但这项研究分析了参与者中大量2型糖尿病病例，并对其进行了长时间的跟踪调查，为这种联系增加了更大的确定性)”可知，这项新研究与之前的研究相比，参与者更多，随访时间更长。故选D项。6．推理判断题。根据第四段“Forthisstudy,theresearchersanalyzedhealthdatafrom216,695participantsfromtheNurses'HealthStudy,andHealthProfessionalsFollow-upStudy.Dietwasassessedwithfoodfrequencyquestionnaireseverytwotofouryears,forupto36years.Duringthistime,morethan22,000participantsdevelopedtype2diabetes.(在这项研究中，研究人员分析了来自护士健康研究和卫生专业人员随访研究的216695名参与者的健康数据。研究人员每隔两到四年用食物频率问卷对饮食进行评估，持续时间长达36年。在此期间，超过22000名参与者患上了2型糖尿病)”可推推知，第4段主要是通过提供健康风险数据来组织的。故选B项。7．词义猜测题。根据第六段中“Theyfoundthatsubstitutingwithaservingofnutswasassociatedwitha30%lowerriskoftype2diabetes,andsubstitutingwithaservingofdairyproductswasassociatedwitha22%lowerrisk.(他们发现，用坚果代替的2型糖尿病风险降低30%，用乳制品代替的2型糖尿病风险降低22%)”可知，此处为研究人员还评估了用另一种蛋白质来源代替每日一份红肉的潜在影响。故可猜测，划线单词substituting为“代替”的意思，与C项Swapping“交换，代替”意思一致。故选C项。8．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Peoplewhoeatjusttwoservingsofredmeatperweekmayhaveanincreasedriskofdevelopingtype2diabetescomparedtopeoplewhoeatfewerservings,andtheriskincreaseswithgreaterconsumption,accordingtoanewstudyledbyresearchersfromHarvardT.H.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth.(哈佛大学T.H.Chan公共卫生学院的研究人员领导的一项新研究表明，每周只吃两份红肉的人患2型糖尿病的风险可能比少吃红肉的人高，而且吃得越多，风险就越高)”可知，文章主要讲的是一项新研究表明，每周只吃两份红肉的人患2型糖尿病的风险可能比少吃红肉的人高，而且吃得越多，风险就越高。由此推知，这篇文章最有可能来自一本医学杂志。故选A项。3.（23-24高三全国专项练习）Businessesarefindingmoreusesforvirtualreality(VR)asthetechnologydevelops.VRisnolongeronlyforgamingorenjoyment.AnAmericancompanycalledBlueGojiisusingVRtoimproveone’shealthbymakingexercisemorefun.BlueGojihasofficesinAustin,thecapitalofTexas.ThecompanyshoweditsworkoutmachinecalledtheInfinitytreadmill(跑步机)attheSouthbySouthwestfestival.Apersonusingthetreadmillwearsavirtualrealityheadsetwhenexercising.Beforestarting,theuserisconnectedtoabelttopreventfalls.Then,theuserplaysaVRgamewhilerunningonthemachine.Thegamecantransporttheuserintothevirtualworld,whereheorshecanberacingagainstvirtualpeople.Thecostofthehardwareandthecomputersoftwareprogramis$12,000.Thatmeansmuchformostpeople.ButKyraConstamofBlueGojisaysthevirtualrealitytreadmillisidealforplaceswherepeoplegotoexercise,likehigh-endgymsorrecreationcenters.Recently,LeonardoMattiazzitestedtheInfinitytreadmill.Mattiazzisaidhehadastrongfeelingtoactuallygetrunninganddosomethingthatpushedhislimits.Hesaidtheexperiencewasmoreinterestingthanrunninginsidethegymwithoutactuallygoinganywhere.ConstamnotedthatalotofVRexperiencescausemotionsickness(晕动病)becausepeopleareinmotionduringthegame,butnotmovinginreallife.Butwhentheuserismovingonthetreadmillandinthegame,thechancesofmotionsicknessarereduced.ShesaidthereisgenerallyalearningcurveforVR.Thefirsttimeusersfeellost,butthemoreyoudoit,themoreyougetusedtoit.Aftercarefullystudyingtheusersexperiences,BlueGojiplanstobeginsellingtheInfinitytreadmilltothepublic.9．WhatareusersmostlikelytodoafterrunningontheInfinitytreadmill?A．Makemorenewfriends. B．Gainmoreusefulskills.C．Befonderofexercising. D．Preferplayingcomputergames.10．WhatdoweknowabouttheInfinitytreadmill?A．Userscannotrunonit. B．Itistooexpensiveformostpeople.C．Userscanraceagainstanyone. D．Itcanbeboughtinhigh-endgyms.11．HowdidLeonardoMattiazzifeelabouttheInfinitytreadmill?A．Satisfied B．Disappointed.C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent.12．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Topromoteanewcompany.B．Tocallonpeopletotakemoreexercise.C．Tointroduceanewapplicationofvirtualreality.D．Todiscusstherelationshipbetweenlifeandmoderntechnology.【正确答案】9．C10．B11．A12．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出虚拟现实技术不再仅限于游戏或娱乐。一家名为BlueGoji的美国公司通过虚拟现实技术使锻炼更加有趣来吸引人们锻炼身体、改善健康状况。9．推理判断题。由第二段中“AnAmericancompanycalledBlueGojiisusingVRtoimproveone’shealthbymakingexercisemorefun.(一家名为BlueGoji的美国公司正在使用VR，通过让锻炼变得更有趣来改善健康)”和第三段中“ThecompanyshoweditsworkoutmachinecalledtheInfinitytreadmill(跑步机)attheSouthbySouthwestfestival.(该公司在西南西艺术节上展示了其名为“Infinity跑步机”的健身机)”可知，这款名为Infinity的跑步机会让运动更加有趣，由此推断，使用了这款跑步机后，用户可能会爱上运动。故选C项。10．细节理解题。由第四段中“Thecostofthehardwareandthecomputersoftwareprogramis$12,000.Thatmeansmuchformostpeople.(硬件和计算机软件程序的费用是12000美元。这对大多数人来说是一大笔钱)”可知，这些硬件和软件费用为1.2万美元，这对大多数人来说都太贵。故选B项。11．推理判断题。由第五段中“Hesaidtheexperiencewasmoreinterestingthanrunninginsidethegymwithoutactuallygoinganywhere.(他说，这种体验比在健身房里跑步而不真正跑去任何地方更有趣)”可知，LeonardoMattiazzi对这款名为Infinity的跑步机非常满意。故选A项。12．推理判断题。由第一段“Businessesarefindingmoreusesforvirtualreality(VR)asthetechnologydevelops.(随着技术的发展，企业正在寻找虚拟现实的更多用途)”和第二段中“AnAmericancompanycalledBlueGojiisusingVRtoimproveone’shealthbymakingexercisemorefun.(一家名为BlueGoji的美国公司正在使用VR，通过让锻炼变得更有趣来改善健康)”可知，本文主要讲述的利用虚拟现实技术开发出新的跑步机，让用户爱上运动，因此，本文写作目的是介绍虚拟现实技术的新应用。故选C项。4.（2024·河北·二模）Whenitcomestoloweringbloodpressure,studieshavetypicallyshownthataerobic(有氧的)exercisesarebest.Recentresearchsuggestsanothertypeofphysicalactivityisworthincludingasaneffectivetooltopreventandtreathighbloodpressure.Exercisesthatengagemuscleswithoutmovement,suchaswallsquatsandplanks,maybebestforloweringbloodpressure,accordingtoalargestudypublishedinJuly,2023intheBritishJournalofSportsMedicine.Thistypeoftrainingisknownasisometricexercise,accordingtotheMayoClinic.Isometricmuscleactionhappenswhenmusclescontractbutdonotvisiblychangelength,andthejointsinvolveddon’tmove,facilitatingstabilityofthebody.Isometricexercisescanbedonewithweightsorwithout,justrelyingonthebody’sownweight.“Thesefindingsprovideacomprehensivedata-drivenframeworktosupportthedevelopmentofnewexerciseguidelinerecommendationsforthepreventionandtreatmentofhighbloodpressure,”saidstudycoauthorDr.JamieO’Driscollinanewsrelease.Theresearcherslookedintorandomizedcontrolledtrialsthathadreportedtheeffectsofexerciseinterventions,lastingtwoormoreweeks,onbloodpressurebetween1990andFebruary2023.Fromareviewof270trialswith15,827participants,theresearchersfoundthatamongHIIT(highintensityintervaltraining),isometricexercise,aerobicexercise,dynamicresistancetrainingandacombinationofthelattertwo,isometricexerciseledtothegreatestreductionsinbloodpressure.It’salsoimportanttonotethatthereareotherlifestylechangesaswellasexercisethatcanbenefityourbloodpressure.Theseincludekeepingtoahealthyweight,eatingabalanceddiet,cuttingdownonsalt,notdrinkingtoomuchalcoholandensuringthatyoucontinuetotakeanyprescribedmedication.Moreresearchisneededtodetermineexactlywhyisometricexercisesmightbebetterforloweringbloodpressurethanothertypesoftraining,theauthorssaid.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“isometricexercise”inparagraph3referto?A．Exercisethatisdonewithextraweights.B．Exercisethatinvolvesvisiblemusclecontraction.C．Exercisethatfocusesonstabilityofthebody.D．Exercisethatengagesmuscleswithoutmovement.14．Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthestudy?A．Byprovidingstatistics. B．Byinterviewingexperts.C．Bydoingexperiments. D．Bymakingcomparisons.15．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthefuturestudiesaboutisometricexercisefocuson?A．Exploringthereasonsforitseffectiveness.B．Demonstratingitsinfluencesonmentalhealth.C．Assessingitssuitabilityfordifferentpopulations.D．Determiningitslong-termimpactsonbloodpressure.16．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thebenefitsofaerobicexercises. B．Thebestexerciseforbloodpressure.C．Theeffectsofvarioustypesofexercises. D．Theimportanceofkeepingahealthylifestyle.【正确答案】13．D14．D15．A16．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项新的研究表明在没有运动的情况下锻炼肌肉可能最适合降低血压。13．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Exercisesthatengagemuscleswithoutmovement,suchaswallsquatsandplanks,maybebestforloweringbloodpressure,accordingtoalargestudypublishedinJuly,2023intheBritishJournalofSportsMedicine.(2023年7月发表在《英国运动医学杂志》(BritishJournalofSportsMedicine)上的一项大型研究表明，不动的肌肉锻炼，比如蹲墙和平板支撑，可能是降血压的最佳方式。)”可知，不动的肌肉锻炼可能是降血压的最佳方式，结合划线短语“Thistypeoftraining”可知，这种类型的训练指的是上文中提到的“不动的肌肉锻炼”，由此可知，划线短语应与“不动的肌肉锻炼”意义相近。故选D项。14．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Fromareviewof270trialswith15,827participants,theresearchersfoundthatamongHIIT(highintensityintervaltraining),isometricexercise,aerobicexercise,dynamicresistancetrainingandacombinationofthelattertwo,isometricexerciseledtothegreatestreductionsinbloodpressure.(研究人员对15827名参与者的270项试验进行了回顾，发现在HIIT(高强度间歇训练)、等长运动、有氧运动、动态阻力训练以及后两者的结合中，等长运动能最大程度地降低血压。)”可知，此项研究是对以前的研究数据进行分析，通过比较得出的研究结论——等长运动能最大程度地降低血压，由此可知，该项实验是通过对比进行的。故选D项。15．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Moreresearchisneededtodetermineexactlywhyisometricexercisesmightbebetterforloweringbloodpressurethanothertypesoftraining,theauthorssaid.(作者说，需要更多的研究来确定为什么等长运动比其他类型的训练更能降低血压。)”可知，接下来需要更多的研究确定为什么等长运动比其他运动更能降低血压，由此可知，作者建议未来关于等长运动的研究重点是探究其有效性的原因。故选A项。16．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Recentresearchsuggestsanothertypeofphysicalactivityisworthincludingasaneffectivetooltopreventandtreathighbloodpressure.(最近的研究表明，另一种类型的体育活动值得作为预防和治疗高血压的有效工具。)”以及下文中介绍的该项研究的研究过程和分析可知，新的研究发现一种体育活动值得作为预防和治疗高血压的有效工具，由此可知，本文主要讲述的是一项对降血压最好的运动。故选B项。5.（23-24·浙江·阶段练习）NewYorkUniversity(NYU)surgeonshaveperformedtheworld’sfirsttransplantofanentirehumaneye,anextraordinaryadditiontoafacetransplant,althoughit’sfartoosoontoknowifthemanwilleverseethroughhisnewlefteye.AnaccidenthaddestroyedmostofAaronJames’faceandoneeye.Hisrighteyestillworks.Butthesurgeonshopedreplacingthemissingonewouldproducebettercosmetic(整容的)resultsforhisnewface.TheNYUteamisdoingjustthat.Jamesisrecoveringwellfromthedual(双重的)transplantlastMayandthedonatedeyelooksremarkablyhealthy.Today,transplantsofthecornea(眼角膜)arecommontotreatcertaintypesofvisionloss.Buttransplantingthewholeeye—theeyeball,itsbloodsupply,andthecriticalopticnerve(视神经)thatmustconnectittothebrain—isconsideredamoonshotinthesearchtocureblindness.Whateverwillhappennext,James’surgeryoffersscientistsawindowintohowthehumaneyetriestoheal.“We’renotclaimingthatwearegoingtorestoresight,”saidDr.EduardoRodriguez,wholedthetransplant.“Butthere’snodoubtthatweareonestepcloser.”Somespecialistshadfearedtheeyewouldquicklybecomedryandwrinkled.However,whenRodriguezopenedJames’lefteyelid,thedonatedeyewasfatandfullofliquid.Doctorsseegoodbloodflowandnosignofrejection.NowresearchershavebegunanalyzingscansofJames’brainthatdetectedsomepuzzlingsignalsfromthatall-importantbutinjuredopticnerve.Dr.JeffreyGoldberg,whohaslongstudiedhowtomakeeyetransplantsareality,calledthesurgeryexciting.“It’sanamazingconfirmationofanimalexperimentsthathavekepttransplantedeyesalive,”hesaid.“Thedifficultynowishowtoregrowtheopticnerve,althoughanimalstudiesaremakingprogress.”HepraisedtheNYUteam’s“boldness”inevenaimingforopticnerverepairandhopesthetransplantwillpromotemoreresearch.17．Whatcanbelearntfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Jamesisfullycontentwiththesurgeryresult.B．ThesurgerytoreplaceJames’missingeyeisunderway.C．Jamescanseethroughhistransplantedeyeprettysoon.D．ThesurgeonshavetransplantedthefaceandaneyetoJames.18．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“moonshot”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Ataskimpossibletocomplete.B．Afantasyexistinginthevirtualworld.C．Aprojectextremelytoughtoaccomplish.D．Amissionprobabletobecompletewithouteffort.19．Whatchallengearetheresearchersfacingnow?A．Howtoobtainbettercosmeticresults.B．Howtomakefurtherprogressinanimalstudies.C．Howtostopthetransplantedeyefrombeinginfected.D．Howtogrowtheopticnerveofthetransplantedeyeagain.20．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．JamesReceivedTransplantedEyePerfectlyB．NYUDoctorsPerformWorld’sFirstEyeTransplantC．VariousMethodstoTreatDifferentTypesofVisionLossD．AdvancesMadeinEyeTransplantandOpticNerveRepair【正确答案】17．D18．C19．D20．B【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了纽约大学的医生完成世界首例眼部移植手术的科学案例。17．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“NewYorkUniversity(NYU)surgeonshaveperformedtheworld’sfirsttransplantofanentirehumaneye,anextraordinaryadditiontoafacetransplant,althoughit’sfartoosoontoknowifthemanwilleverseethroughhisnewlefteye.(纽约大学(NYU)的外科医生完成了世界首例整只人眼的移植手术，这是继面部移植手术之后的又一项非凡成就，尽管现在知道这名男子是否能通过他的新左眼看东西还为时过早)”及第二段“AnaccidenthaddestroyedmostofAaronJames’faceandoneeye.Hisrighteyestillworks.Butthesurgeonshopedreplacingthemissingonewouldproducebettercosmetic(整容的)resultsforhisnewface.TheNYUteamisdoingjustthat.Jamesisrecoveringwellfromthedual(双重的)transplantlastMayandthedonatedeyelooksremarkablyhealthy.(一场事故毁坏了亚伦·詹姆斯的大半张脸和一只眼睛。他的右眼还能用。但外科医生希望替换掉一只眼睛能让他的新脸有更好的美容效果。纽约大学的研究小组正在这样做。詹姆斯从去年五月的双重移植手术中恢复得很好，移植的眼睛看起来非常健康)”可知，James脸部受伤，文章中提到了newface和dualtransplant可推知，他接受了脸部和眼球双重移植手术。故选D。18．词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“Today,transplantsofthecornea(眼角膜)arecommontotreatcertaintypesofvisionloss.Buttransplantingthewholeeye—theeyeball,itsbloodsupply,andthecriticalopticnerve(视神经)thatmustconnectittothebrain(今天，角膜移植通常用于治疗某些类型的视力丧失。但是移植整只眼睛——眼球，它的血液供应，以及连接它和大脑的关键视神经)”及后文“inthesearchtocureblindness(为了治疗失明)”可知，虽然眼角膜移植术是成熟的，但是移植一整只眼睛及附属神经和血流供应等还是比较难以完成的，But引出转折，划线词意思为：一项极其难以完成的工程。故选C。19．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““Thedifficultynowishowtoregrowtheopticnerve,althoughanimalstudiesaremakingprogress.”HepraisedtheNYUteam’s“boldness”inevenaimingforopticnerverepairandhopesthetransplantwillpromotemoreresearch.(“现在的困难是如何再生视神经，尽管动物研究正在取得进展。”他赞扬了纽约大学研究小组的“大胆”，甚至瞄准了视神经修复，并希望移植手术能促进更多的研究)”可知，研究者进行眼球移植面对的挑战是移植眼的视神经如何再长出来。故选D。20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“NewYorkUniversity(NYU)surgeonshaveperformedtheworld’sfirsttransplantofanentirehumaneye,anextraordinaryadditiontoafacetransplant,althoughit’sfartoosoontoknowifthemanwilleverseethroughhisnewlefteye.(纽约大学(NYU)的外科医生完成了世界首例整只人眼的移植手术，这是继面部移植手术之后的又一项非凡成就，尽管现在知道这名男子是否能通过他的新左眼看东西还为时过早)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了纽约大学的医生完成世界首例眼部移植手术的事迹，B选项“纽约大学医生完成世界首例眼部移植手术”适合最为最佳标题。故选B。6.（23-24·河南·阶段练习）Scientistsarenowdiggingintopreciselywhyexerciseholdssomanybenefitsforourmentalhealthandmemory.Theanswer,studiessay,liesinourbrainchemistry.Eachtimeyouworkupasweat,yourbodyreleasesfeel-goodhappyhormones(荷尔蒙),includingendorphins,dopamineandendocannabinoids,thelatterbeingresponsiblefortheso-calledrunner’shigh.Nowresearchersarealsopointingtomyokines(肌肉因子)asanimportantcontributortothementalhealthbenefitsofexercise.Whenourmusclescontract,myokinesarereleasedintothebloodstream,helpingyourmusclesandorganscommunicate.Theythinkthiscommunicationincreasesresiliencetostress,reducessymptomsofmentalsufferingandanxietyandhasadirecteffectondepression.A2021scientificreportpublishedinNeuropharmacologyshowedevidencethatmyokinesboostbrainfunction,likeimprovingmemoryandmood.“Myokinesreducesystemicinflammation(炎症),whichisespeciallybeneficialforpeoplewithdrug-resistantdepressionwhoselowmoodislinkedtohighinflammation,”explainsDrJenniferHeisz,anexpertinbrainhealthandassociateprofessorinthedepartmentofkinesiologyatMcMasterUniversityinCanada.Arecentstudypubl