河南省五市2024届高三年级下册一模英语试卷(含答案)

河南省五市2024届高三下学期一模英语试卷

学校：___________姓名：班级：___________考号：

一'阅读理解

JonathanDrori'sinterestinplantsdatesbacktohisyearswhengrowingupinsouthwest

London.TheylivedwithinwalkingdistanceoftheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,hometoone

ofthemostdiversecollectionsofplantsintheworld.Hisparentswouldtakehimandhis

brotherfrequentlytothegardens,exploringthegroundsanddiscoveringnewplantspecies

fromaroundtheworld.

“Myfatherwastrainedinbotanybutworkedasanengineer,whilemymotherwas

interest-edinthebeautyofplants,“hesays,“Shewouldcarryamagnifyingglassinher

purse,andwe'dgotoKeweveryweektolookattheindividualplants.”

NowDroriisabotanyexpert.He'sbuiltacareerasaneducator,focusingonthe

environmentandtechnology,andisalsoaproductiveauthor.Hisnewbookexplainsthe

historicalandculturalsignificanceofdifferentplantspecies.Usingamapashisguide,he

selectedabouteightyplantsfromaroundtheworld,andeachhasaninterestingbackstory

thatfocusesontheculturalsignificanceandbotanicalstructureofeachspecies.

Forexample,amaranth（范菜）fromPeruhasalmostbeenforgotten,sinceit'softenover­

shadowedbymorereadilyavailablewholegrainslikeoatsandrye.However,ithasgained

popularityinrecentyearsthankstobeinghighlynutritiousandagoodsourceofbeneficial

acids.Infact,beforetheSpanishConquestin1519,amaranthwasamajorfoodstuffofthe

IncaandAztecempires.TheAztecsuseditsseedsforceremonialpurposes,mixingamaranth

flourintofiguresrepresentingimportantdeitieswithintheirculture,suchasTlaloc,thegod

ofrain.

1.WheredidJonathanDrori9sinterestinbotanymainlycomefrom?

A.HiscollectionB.HisteachersC.HisbooksD.Hischildhood

2.WhichofthefollowingisthemostpossibletitleforJonathanDrori'snewbook?

A.AroundtheWorldin80PlantsB.HowPlantsRelatetoCivilization

C.HowPlantsTellStoriesofHistoryD.ABriefHistoryofResearchonPlants

3.Whatleadstoamaranthbecomingmoreandmorepopularrecently?

A.ItshistoricalvalueB.Itsceremonialvalue

C.ItshealthyvalueD.Itsculturalvalue

EarlyinmytimeinChina,IaskedacoworkerifshenoticedanythingAmericansdothat

isstrang已“You'realwaysfighting,evenwithyourbestfriend."shesaid.Shehadneverseen

mefightwithmyfriend,soIwassurprised,untilIrealizedshewasreferringtoa

philosophicaldebate.Thoughpassionate,myfriendandIwouldhardlyhaveconsideredita

fight.Accordingtohim,manyChinesewouldn'ttelltheirfriendto“shutyourmouthwhen

youspeaktome^^ortellthem,“yourlogicissodumb-youdon'thaveobjectpermanence99,

whichisopposedtosocialharmony.

Wordsaremetaphors,servingtocomprehendabstractideasorbeliefs.Eachlanguage

possessesaninnerlogic,influencinghowitsspeakersstructuresentencesandunderstand

words.Thisuniquenessextendsbeyondmerevocabulary;itspreadstothesystemof

expression,shapingthoughtsandideas.Regardlessofhowskilledonebecomesat

communicating,orhowmanydictionariesthey'veread,theycannotguaranteethatthe

listenerunderstandsthemcorrectly.

Eachlanguagebarrierexistswithinspeakersofthesamelanguage.In2013,Iworked

withaBritishmanwhohadlivedinChinaforadecadeandspokeChinesefluently.Ittook

himabout10yearstofullyunderstandtheculture.EitherI'msilly,orhewaskiddingme.

Icanconfidentlysaythatafterallthistime,FmevenmoreconfusedthanIwas

then...TheconceptsandideasIlearnaboutChinesecultureexpandendlessly,andIsuspect

thatwillalwaysbetrue.IfI'mlucky,I'llhaveanother30yearsoflife,lesstimethanmore

intelligentmenthanIhavespentstudyingculture.

PerhapsI'mnotmeanttounderstandChina.Thereisacceptanceandpeaceinthat.With

myforeignfriends,IwilljokeandeventeasethemandwithmyChinesefriends,Iwillask

questionstoavoidgivingtheimpressionIamfightingwiththem.Iwillembracecross-

culturalconfusionandpersistinunderstandingmyChinesefriends,family,coworkersand

neighbors,becausethatknowledgebearsgiftsofwisdomandjoy.Mylifeisbetterforit.

4.WhatimpressiondoestheauthorleaveonhisChinesefriend?

A.Hespecializesindebating.B.Heiskindofrudetofriends.

C.Heargueswithothersmuch.D.Heispassionateaboutphilosophy.

5.WhatdoestheauthorstressaboutthelanguageinParagraph2?

A.ItsinnerlogicB.Itssignificantcomplexity

C.ItsabstractoriginD.Itschangingstructure

6.WhatmakestheauthormorepuzzledwhenlivinglongerinChina?

A.ProfoundChinesecultureB.HisBritishfriend9s,experience

C.LittletimespentwithfamilyD.Differentunderstandingofhumor

7.Whichistheauthor'splanforfuturelife?

A.HewilltakeChinaasitis.B.Hewillreturntohismotherland.

C.HewillbemoreseriousinChina.D.Hewillpersistinacademicstudy.

Inrecentyears,thepopularideaofreducingcarbonfootprintsbyeatinglocallytocut

downfoodmileshascomeundercloseexamination.However,arecentstudypublishedin

NatureFoodindicatesthatglobalfoodmilesmightaccountforasmuchas20percentof

food-relatedemissions,asignificantlyhigherpercentagethanpreviousestimations.This

statementbegsthequestion:Arefoodmilesmoresignificantthanweinitiallybelieved?

Foodmilesrepresentthedistancefoodtravelsfromproductiontoconsumption,with

previousstudiessuggestingthattheemissionsfromthesemilesaretinycomparedtothe

emissionsproducedduringthefoodgrowingprocess.Forinstance,producingonekilogram

ofbeefgeneratesalmost99kgofCO2,whileapplesonlyproduce0.4kgperkilogram.Ifthe

goalistominimizedietarycarbonfootprints,itwouldbemorebeneficialtochoosefoods

withloweroverallcarbonfootprints,eveniftheyhavetotraveladistance.Therefore,

reducingmeatanddairyintakecouldprovetobeamoreeffectivestrategy.

Therecentstudydoesn'tcontradict（相矛盾）thisconclusion.Thereasonwhythe

reportedproportionishigheristhatthecalculationincludesalltransportinvolved,including

thetransportationoffertilizers,farmequipment,andpesticides（杀虫齐!J）.HannahRitchie,a

researcherattheUniversityofOxford,suggeststhatatermotherthan"foodmiles"wouldbe

moreappropriatetoavoidanyconfusion.Ifthestudyhadfollowedthestandarddefinitionof

foodmiles,theper-centagewoulddropto9percent,whichcorrespondsmorecloselywith

the4to6percentfoundinpriorresearch.

Moreover,thestudytheorizesthatevenifallfoodwasproducedinthecountrieswhere

itisconsumed,thereductioninemissionswouldonlybe1.7percent,overall.Thisisdueto

thefactthatalargerproportionoffoodwouldbetransportedbyroadratherthanbysea,with

trucksproducinghigheremissionspertonofcargothanships.

"So,overall,thebottomlineisstillthatwhatyoueathasamuchbiggerimpacton

emissionsthanthedistancethatfoodhastotraveltoreachyou,saidRitchie.

8.Whathastherecentstudyfound?

A.Foodproductionhascausedalotofcarbonemissions.

B.Carbonemissionsfromfoodmilesareincreasingrapidly.

C.Carbonemissionreductionlargelydependsoneatinglocally.

D.Globalfoodmilesleadtomorecarbonemissionsthanexpected.

9.Whydoestheauthormention"beef"and"apples"inparagraph.2?

A.Toexplainthebenefitsofapples

B.Tohighlightfoodproduction'seffect

C.Tocomparebeefandappleproduction

D.Toadvocateshort-distancetransportation

10.Whichofthefollowingisthebestsolutiontofood-relatedcarbonfootprints?

A.Supplying,high-caloryfoods

B.Upgradingfooddeliverysystems

C.Reducingmeatanddairyconsumption

D.Avoidingchemicalpesticidesforplants

11.WhatistheRitchie'sattitudetowardtherecentstudyfinding?

A.UnfavourableB.SupportiveC.TolerantD.Uncertain

Traditionally,manydecisionsaboutmedicaltreatmentwereleftuptodoctors:They

decided,andpatientsagreed.Today,healthcareprofessionalsareembracingtheideaof

shareddecision-making,wherepatientsbecomeinformedpartnersintheirchoices.Health

careprofessionalsnowfocusonplacingthepatientatthecenterofcare,informingthem

abouttheiroptions,andengagingthemintreatmentdecisions.Forexample,theyengage

patientsbyasking,HWhatfsimportanttoyou?Andwhatareyourprioritiesandgoalsaswe,

talkaboutatreatmentplan?"

"Ithinkthere'sastrongrecognitioninAmericanmedicine,oftheimportanceofpatient

engagementnotonly,intheircare,butindecidingwhattypesofcareandtypesofprocedures

they'regoingtoget,"saidDr.Allen,aprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofColorado

SchoolofMedicineinAurora.

A2017study,publishedinthejournalCirculation:CardiovascularQualityand

Outcomesfoundthatpeoplewithheartdiseasewhowentthrough-shareddecision-making

hadbetterphysicalandmentalhealth,betterobediencetomedicationandlowerratesof

stayinginhospitalandemergencydepartmentuse.Patientsalsoreportedbetter

communicationwiththeirdoctors.Whenpeoplearemoreengagedindecision-making,they

understandtheprosandconsofvarioustreatmentoptions,andthey'remorelikelytostickto

thetreatmentplanandtocontinuethatcommunication.

Butresearchonhowtobestapproachdifferent,culturalgroupsislacking.Manydoctors

citelimitedtimeasabarrier,althoughresearchshowsthatshareddecision-makingcanbe

accomplishedevenwithinshortclinicvisits.Also,currentmodelsofpaymentfordoctors*

visitsdonotalwaysagreewiththegoalsofshareddecision-making.Butunderlyingallthatis

thatmedicaldecisionscanbe"incrediblycomplicated0

Makingthepracticeworkonawiderscaleisanevolvingprocess.Butinthelongrun,

Allensaid:"shareddecision-makingcanensurethatwithalltheamazingnewtechnologies

andtreatmentsthatwewillhaveinmedicine,theyreallycanbeappliedtomorepatientsina

tailored,meaningfulwaythatmeetstheirownvalues,goalsandpreferences."

12.Whatroledodoctorsplayinshareddecision-making?

A.Theyareatthecenterofcare.B.Theyaskquestionstopatients:

C.Theyfollowpatients*opinions.D.Theypresentsuggestionstopatients.

13.Whichcanbeabenefittopatientsfromshareddecision-making?

A.ShortenedtimeinhospitalB.Improvedhealthyawareness

C.ReducedmentalproblemsD.Enhancedcommunicationskills

14.Whatisthebiggestchallengetoshareddecision-making?

A.Lackoffamilysupport

B.Limitedtimeandmoney

C.Uniquenessofmedicaltreatment

D.Complicatedmedicineproductionprocess

15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.SharedDecisionMaking:MorethanTechnology?

B.SharedDecisionMaking:anIdealWayforPatients

C.SharedDecisionMaking:aFutureModelofHospitals?

D.SharedDecisionMaking:AdvantagesandDisadvantages

二、七选五

16.YouralarmgoesoffonJanuary1.Youforceyourselfoutofbedanddragyourfeet

towardthebathroom,whereyouglimpseapale-facedstrangerinthemirror.①Aftera

moment,however,youthink,"Wait,it'sokaybecausetodayisNewYear'sDay;there'stime

togetbackinshape!"

Formanypeople,thestartofanewyearsignalstheendofaperiodofoverindulgence

(放纵)indiet.②___.Theyoftenrevolvearoundturningoneselfintoafitandhealthyhuman

being.However,thefactisthatapproximately80%ofthemareabandonedbeforeFebruary.

Howdoesthathappen?(3)___.Whilewemayhavegoodintentionswhenmakingresolutions,

wearenotactuallymakingenoughdeterminationtoliveinamorecontrolledway.Change

involvesadegreeofstress,andsomeonenotmentallyequippedtohandlethatstresswill

struggletochange.

So,whatcanyoudotoachieveyourhealthygoalsinthenewyear?Oneideaistothink

smallratherthantheopposite.（4）Butinrealitychangeislikelyeasierinsmallersteps,

whichallowsforgreatersuccess.Anotherhelpfulstrategyistodesignapersonalreward

system.Finally,setconcretegoals.Insteadofmakingavagueresolutionlike"Fmgoingto

getinbettershapethisyear,makeaspecificone.Forexample,"Pmgoingtorunfor30

minuteseveryday"wouldbefarmorepowerful.Mostimportantly,rememberthatdespite

theirname,NewYear'sresolutionsshouldbeforlife.⑤__butwithsuitablestrategies,there

isnoreasonwhyyoucannotsticktoyourresolutionspermanentlyoratleastuntilMarch.

A.Changetakestimeandeffort

B.Instinctively,youstepbackinhorror

C.It'sprobablyrelatedtoself-discipline

D.Manypeople'splansinvolvegrandmeasures

E.Theanswerislikelythatweshouldbeconfident

F.NewYearisagreattimetobewithfamilyandfriends

G.InDecemberit'softenjustifiedbyplanningNewYear'sresolutions

三、完形填空（15空）

Forthepastyears,83-year-oldAIMerritthasbeenacheerypresenceinhis

neighborhood.Since2010,Merritthasbeentryingtoachievethemissionto]the

circumference（周长）oftheEarth-24,901miles-withouteverleavinghisownneighborhood.

2,Merrittgottoknowmanyofhisneighbors.UpuntilOctober24,（2021）,henever

realizedthathisdailybicycletripswereas3tothemastheyweretohim.At3p.m.,

nearly200peopleappearedtocongratulateMerrittontheendingofhis"round-the-world"

4,andalargetrophy（杯）wasplacedinhisarms.

Alstartedcyclingaround11yearsago.Atfirst,hisrideswereaboutfivemileslong,

then10to12miles,and5thelengthofhisoutingsgrew.Astimewentby,hebeganto

think6thecircumferenceoftheEarth.Bytheendof2020,hehad721,565milesin

total.

Therewasno8ofthegoalplanneduntiltwopassers-by,NatalieLondonandTaylor

Piecity,camealong.TheywerevisitingLondon'smomwhenMerritt9byonhisbike

quickly.Thenattractedbyhis10anddiscoveringMerrittwasjustweeksawayfrom

completinghisgoal,theyaskediftheycould11ashortdocumentary.

"HerepresentshowanindividuaFssmall12canchangeanentirecommunity,"said

Lon-don.TocelebratethecompletionofMerritt'scyclinggoal,theysecretlyprintedup

postersandplacedthemondoorwaysforseveral13.Buteventheyweresurprisedatthe

hugecrowdthat14.ActuallyMerritthasnoplanstochangetheroutinethathasbecome

the15ofhisdailylife.

17.A.measureB.guessC.surveyD.cycle

18.A.InawordB.AsaresultC.OnthecontraryD.Afterall

19.A.time-consumingB.meaningful

C.usualD.demanding

20.A.adventureB.expectationC.subjectD.phenomenon

21.A.unexpectedlyB.immediatelyC.hopefullyD.gradually

22.A.againB.twiceC.bigD.deep

23.A.obtainedB.dominatedC.coveredD.revolved

24.A.celebrationB.delayC.excuseD.admission

25.A.droveB.flewC.stoodD.slid

26.A.speedB.bikeC.routeD.story

27.A.castB.pictureC.filmD.advertise

28.A.deedsB.destiniesC.reactionsD.recreations

29.A.citiesB.landscapesC.housesD.blocks

30.A.gatheredB.calledC.withdrewD.returned

31.A.qualityB.burdenC.highlightD.impression

四、短文填空

32.Adrift(漂流)inaSeaofGreen

Livingintheforestofsteel-and-cementstructures,urbanitesareimpatienttoembrace

natureonweekends.Anaturalforestin①peopleinSichuanprovincetendtospend

leisuretimeistheSouthernSichuanBambooSeainYibin.The120-square-kilometer

BambooSeaisthe②___(large)primitivebambooparkinChina.

TheBambooSea(3)___(recognize)asoneofthecountry's10mostbeautifulforestshas

servedasapopulartouristattractionsincescenesfromtheOscar-winningCrouchingTiger

HiddenDragon(4)(shoot)there.Thebambooforestgotanecotourratingwhenitwas

listedas⑤___world-classbambooreserveinDecember2003,thefourthtourismdestination

inChinatogettheGreenGlobe21certification,allowingitself⑥(admire)bymore

peoplearoundChinaandworldwide.

LocatedinAustralia,GreenGlobesetstheglobalbenchmark(基准)forcertificationof

environmentallyfriendlytourismsites.⑦(reflect)theprinciplesforsustainable

developmentandbasedonAgenda21,thecertificationwasapprovedby⑧(represent)

of182countriesandregionsfromaroundtheworldduringtheUnitedNationsRiodeJaneiro

EarthSummitin1992.

Amazed⑨itsvastexpanse,HuangTingjian,apoetfromtheSongDynasty(960-

1279),describeditas"bamboowaves".AsHuangwasan⑩(influence)manofletters,

hisdescriptiongaverisetotheforest'spopularnickname-theBambooSea.

五、书面表达

33.假定你是李华，是所在学校英语广播站(TheEnglishBroadcastingStation)负责

人。请为广播站撰写一份招募新播音员的启事，内容包括：

1.广播站主要特色简介；

2.申请方式和截止时间。

注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；

2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

BroadcastersWanted

六、读后续写

34.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短

文。

InahousefarfromthecitylivedJohnandhismother.John'sonlyhobbywaswandering

inthenearbypicturesqueforest.Initscenterwasashinyclearlakewithschoolsoffish

dancinginit.Fascinatedbythebeautyandlivelinessofnature,hedesiredtobecomeagreat

artistandpresentallthebreathtakingscenestotheworld.

Johnstudiedinthelocalprimaryschool.LifewasnoteasyforJohnandhismomafter

hisfatherdied.Knowingwhathardworkhismotherdidtomakeendsmeet,John,really

didn'twanthismothertoworry.Hismotherknewthesignificanceofeducationinlifebutshe

wasagainsthisdreamofbecominganartist.uTheprofessionofartistcan'taidapersonin

meetinghisdailyexpenses/9shewouldsay.Butaseachdaypassed,John'sdream:became

morepassionate.

Duetothelivingcircumstances,evenbuyingsomenewcolorswouldbealuxury.John

onlyusedtheworndrawingfileandlimitedcolorsforhisdailypractice.Henevergaveup

drawing.Hespentasignificantamountoftimestayingin-theforest,secretlyperfectinghis

craft.Withcontinuoushardworkandadistinctgiftforart,hedrewbeautifully.

OnedayJohnreadaboutacompetitionbeingheldinthetown,whosedeadlinewasonly

twodaysaway.Hegottheperfectopportunitytofulfillhisdesirebuthewasinadilemmaas

forthecompetitionheneededspecialpaintsandsomebrushes.Hedidn'thavethecourageto

askhismotherformoneyasheknewherprejudiceagainstart.

Thateveninghismomreturnedfromworkandhandedhimafewpapernotes,saying,

“Thisisforyourlunchatschoolnextfourdays."Heworkedupthecouragehopingtoaskhis

motherifshecouldgivehimsomemoremoneysothathecouldparticipateinthe

competition,butfinally,consideringthefamily'sfinancialdifficulties,heswallowedthe

words.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

Lookingatthenotesonthedeskthenextday,Johnwaslostinthought.

AttheawardceremonyJohnwasabouttospeakwhenhesawhismother.

参考答案

1.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的"JonathanDrori'sinterestinplantsdatesbacktohis

yearswhengrowingupinsouthwestLondon.（乔纳森•德罗里对植物的兴趣可以追溯到他

在伦敦西南部长大的时候。）”可知，乔纳森・德罗里对植物学的兴趣主要来自他的童

年。故选D。

2.答案：B

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Hisnewbookexplainsthehistoricalandcultural

significanceofdifferentplantspecies.（他的新书解释了不同植物物种的历史和文化意

义。）”可知，乔纳森・德罗里的新书与植物物种和文明有关。因此B项“HowPlants

RelatetoCivilization（植物与文明的关系）”最有可能是他的书的书名。故选B。

3.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"However,ithasgainedpopularityinrecentyears

thankstobeinghighlynutritiousandagoodsourceofbeneficialacids.（然而，由于其营养

丰富和有益酸的良好来源，近年来它越来越受欢迎。厂可知，觉菜越来越受欢迎得益

于它的营养价值。故选C。

4.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“"You'realwaysfighting,evenwithyourbest

fbiend."shesaid.（“你总是在吵架，即使是和你最好的朋友。"她说）''可知，作者给中国

朋友的印象是他经常和别人争论。故选C项。

5.答案：B

解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Eachlanguagepossessesaninnerlogic,influencing

howitsspeakersstructuresentencesandunderstandwords.Thisuniquenessextendsbeyond

merevocabulary;itspreadstothesystemofexpression,shapingthoughtsandideas.

Regardlessofhowskilledonebecomesatcommunicating,orhowmanydictionariesthey've

read,theycannotguaranteethatthelistenerunderstandsthemcorrectly.（每种语言都有其内

在的逻辑，影响着说这种语言的人如何组织句子和理解单词。这种独特性不仅仅局限

于词汇；它传播到表达系统，形成思想和观念。不管一个人的沟通技巧有多熟练，或

者他们读过多少字典，他们都不能保证听者能正确地理解他们的意思）”可知，在文章

第二段作者指出不管一个人的沟通技巧有多熟练，或者他们读过多少字典，他们都不

能保证听者能正确地理解他们的意思。由此推知，在第二段中作者强调的是语言显著

的复杂性。故选B项。

6.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Icanconfidentlysaythatafterallthistime,I'm

evenmoreconfusedthanIwasthen...TheconceptsandideasIlearnaboutChineseculture

expandendlessly,andIsuspectthatwillalwaysbetrue.（我可以自信地说，经历了这么

久，我比当时更困惑了……我学到的关于中国文化的概念和想法是无穷无尽的，我怀

疑这将永远是正确的）”可知，深厚的中国文化让作者感到更困惑。故选A项。

7.答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Iwillembracecross-culturalconfusionand

persistinunderstandingmyChinesefriends,family,coworkersandneighbors,becausethat

knowledgebearsgiftsofwisdomandjoy.Mylifeisbetterforit.（我将接受跨文化的困惑，

坚持理解我的中国朋友、家人、同事和邻居，因为这些知识会带来智慧和快乐。我的

生活因此变得更好了）”可推知，作者决定将接受中国的现状。故选A项。

8.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的"However,arecentstudypublishedinNatureFood

indicatesthatglobalfoodmilesmightaccountforasmuchas20percentoffood-related

emissions,asignificantlyhigherpercentagethanpreviousestimations^然而，最近发表在

《自然食品》杂志上的一项研究表明，全球食物里程可能占食品相关排放的20%,这

一比例比之前的估计要高得）”可知，最近的研究发现全球食物里程导致的碳排放比预

期的要多。故选D。

9.答案：B

解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容”Foodmilesrepresentthedistancefoodtravelsfrom

productiontoconsumption,withpreviousstudiessuggestingthattheemissionsfromthese

milesaretinycomparedtotheemissionsproducedduringthefoodgrowingprocess.For

instance,producingonekilogramofbeefgeneratesalmost99kgofCO2,whileapplesonly

produce0.4kgperkilogram.（食物里程代表食物从生产到消费的距离,之前的研究表

明，与食物生长过程中产生的排放量相比，这些里程的排放量很小。例如，生产一公

斤牛肉会产生近99kg的二氧化碳，而一公斤苹果只产生0.4千克。）"可知，第二段通

过对比生产一千克牛肉与生产一千克苹果产生的碳排放量，旨在强调食物生产对碳排

放的影响。故选B。

10.答案:C

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Therefore,reducingmeatanddairyintakecould

provetobeamoreeffectivestrategy.（因此，减少肉类和奶制品的摄入量可能是一种更有

效的策略）”可知，减少与食物有关的碳足迹的一个潜在解决方法是减少肉类和奶制品

的摄入量。故选C。

11.答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中"Thereasonwhythereportedproportionishigheris

thatthecalculationincludesalltransportinvolved,includingthetransportationoffertilizers,

farmequipment,andpesticides（杀虫齐ll）.HannahRitchie,aresearcherattheUniversityof

Oxford,suggeststhatatermotherthan"foodmiles*wouldbemoreappropriatetoavoidany

confusion.Ifthestudyhadfollowedthestandarddefinitionoffoodmiles,thepercentage

woulddropto9percent,whichcorrespondsmorecloselywiththe4to6percentfoundin

priorresearch.（报告的比例之所以较高，是因为计算中包括了所有涉及的运输，包括化

肥、农业设备和杀虫剂的运输。牛津大学的研究员HannahRitchie建议，为了避免混

淆，使用一个比‘食物里程’更合适的术语。如果这项研究遵循食物里程的标准定

义，这一比例将降至9%,这与之前研究中发现的4%至6%更为接近）"可知，Ritchie

认为最新的研究扩大了“食物里程”的概念范围，故推测他不赞成该研究，故选A。

12.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中"Healthcareprofessionalsnowfocusonplacingthe

patientatthecenterofcare,informingthemabouttheiroptions,andengagingthemin

treatmentdecisions.Forexample,theyengagepatientsbyasking,'What'simportanttoyou?

Andwhatareyourprioritiesandgoalsaswetalkaboutatreatmentplan?'（卫生保健专业人

员现在的重点是把病人放在护理的中心，告诉病人他们的选择，并让他们参与治疗决

策。例如，他们会问病人:'对你来说什么是重要的?我们谈论治疗方案时你的首要任务

和目标是什么?'）"可知，医生在共同决策中向病人提出建议，故选D。

13.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中"A2017study,publishedinthejournalCirculation:

CardiovascularQualityandOutcomesfoundthatpeoplewithheartdiseasewhowent

through-shareddecision-makinghadbetterphysicalandmentalhealth,betterobedienceto

medicationandlowerratesofstayinginhospitalandemergencydepartmentuse.（2017年发

表在《循环:心血管质量与结果》杂志上的一项研究发现，经历了共同决策的心脏病患

者有更好的身心健康，更好地服从药物治疗，住院和急诊室使用率更低）"可知，参与

共同决策对病人的好处是缩短住院时间，故选A。

14.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中"Butresearchonhowtobestapproachdifferentcultural

groupsislacking.（但是，关于如何最好地接近不同文化群体的研究还很缺乏）"可知，共

同决策最大的挑战是关于如何最好地接近不同文化群体的研究还很缺乏，即医疗的独

特性，故选C。

15.答案：C

解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中"Today,healthcareprofessionalsare

embracingtheideaofshareddecision-making,wherepatientsbecomeinformedpartnersin

theirchoices」今天，卫生保健专业人员正在接受共同决策的想法，患者在他们的选择

中成为知情的伙伴）”可知，文章主要介绍了共同决策及其好处，也指出它面临的挑

战，C项"共享决策:医院的未来模式？"为最佳标题，故选C。

16.答案：BGCDA

解析：①根据上文"Youforceyourselfoutofbedanddragyourfeettowardthebathroom,

whereyouglimpseapale-facedstrangerinthemirror.（你强迫自己下了床，慢慢地走向浴

室，在那里你在镜子里看到了一个脸色苍白、睡眼惺松的陌生人）"可知，此刻的自己

状态极差;再根据下文"Afteramoment,however,youthink,'Wait,it'sokaybecausetoday

isNewYear'sDay;there'stimetogetbackinshape!'（然而，过了一会儿，你觉得，等

等，没关系，因为今天是元旦，是时候恢复身材了!’）"中的"however”可知，空处和下文

之间存在转折关系，既然下文为"it，sokay"，那么空处则与此相反，与选项B”你立刻惊

恐地退了回去"中的"inhorror"相对应。故选B。

②根据上文"Formanypeople,thestartofanewyearsignalstheendofaperiodof

overindulgence（放纵）indiet.（对许多人来说，新年的开始标志着一段时间过度放纵饮食

的结束）"和下文"Theyoftenrevolvearoundturningoneselfintoafitandhealthyhuman

being.（它们经常以把自己变成一个健康的人为中心）"可知，上文提到新年的开始标志

着结束过度放纵饮食，所以把自己变得更健康应是未来的计划，G项“在12月，人

们通常通过制定新年计划来证明这一点"符合语境，故选Go

③根据上文“However,thefactisthatapproximately80%ofthemareabandonedbefore

February.Howdoesthathappen?（然而，事实是，大约80%的计划在2月份之前就被遗

弃了。这是怎么发生的?）"可知，此处提出一个问题，结合下文"Whilewemayhave

goodintentionswhenmakingresolutions,wearenotactuallymakingenoughdetermination

toliveinamorecontrolledway.（当我们下定决心的时候，我们可能有很好的意图，但我

们实际上并没有足够的决心来控制自己的生活）"可知，人们没有足够的决心来执行计

划，故C项”这可能与自律有关"回答上文问题与下文语义一致，故选C。

④下文"Butinrealitychangeislikelyeasierinsmallersteps,whichallowsforgreater

success.（但在现实中，小步骤的改变可能更容易，从而取得更大的成功）"提到，在现

实中，小步骤的改